12V supply te mana ki o ratou ringa ake. PSU Homemade: Kaupapa

wae hua supply te mana 12V me o ratou ringa ake e kore he uaua, engari mo tenei e hiahia ana koe ki te ako i etahi ariā. I roto i ngā, ngā tetahi o nga kōpuku he poraka mo ia huānga e hāngai ki te hua, te tawhā taketake o ia. He mea nui hoki ki te mohio ki ta e hiahia ana koe ki te whakamahi i transformers. Ki te kahore he tika, ka taea e koe whakahoki i te tuarua awhiowhio anake ki te whakatutuki i te ngaohiko whakaputa e hiahiatia ana. He mea pai ki te ako e pā ana ki ngā tikanga o te waikawa tā papa ara iahiko, me te pā ana ki te hanga o te whare mana supply.

Ko te wāhanga mana supply

Ko te huānga matua o tetahi supply mana - he mea he hiko taahiraa-iho. tupu Ki te tona awhina mains hekenga ngaohiko (220 V) ki te 12 V. taea te whakamahi i te hanganga kōrerohia i raro rite te whaiaro-hanga ki te whakahokia hiko tuarua awhiowhio me taonga oti kahore whakahoutanga. E mea titauhia anake ki te tango ki roto ki pūkete nga āhuatanga katoa me te mahi i te tatauranga tika o te wāhanga o te waea, me te maha o hohoko.

Te huānga tuarua i roto i te faufaa - i te rectifier. Kei te hanga te reira o tetahi, e rua ranei e wha te p Semiconductor. Tei te reira i runga i te momo o te kaupapa, i roto i nei te supply te mana, ko te pā ana ki ki te kāinga. Hei tauira, he tika hoki te whakatinanatanga o te ngaohiko tuaruatia ai ki te whakamahi i rua Semiconductor. Te faaafaro i waho te whakanui ake kotahi anake, engari he pai ki te whakamahi i te ara iahiko piriti (e mānia katoa pōkare nāianei). I muri i rectifier tika aroaro pūnga -hiko. Ko te tautuhinga e hiahiatia o te ngōhiko zener ki ngā tawhā tika, ka taea e te reira ki te hanga i te ngaohiko whakaputa pūmau.

He aha te mea te hiko

Transformers, Kei te whakamahia rectifiers ki te whai i te wāhanga e whai ake nei:

1. Ko te matua (matua autō hanga o te whakarewa ferromagnetic).
2. whatunga Obmotu (tuatahi). Powered e 220 volts.
3. He Tuarua awhiowhio te (downshift). Kei te whakamahia te reira ki te hono i te rectifier.

Na nga āhuatanga katoa i roto i te taipitopito atu. pea te matua o tetahi āhua, engari he tino noa W-ahuahu a U-āhua. Iti toroidal noa, engari to ratou pū rerekē, maha whakamahia i roto i inverters (inverters ngaohiko, hei tauira, i 12 ki te 220 volts) atu i roto i ngā pūrere whakatika i tikanga. 2A mana supply wae 12B pai ki te mahi ki te whakamahi o te hiko he W-āhua ranei matua U-āhua.

kia whakarite i nga kopiko e rua i runga i ia atu (tuatahi tuatahi, tuarua, me te i muri i) mo te kotahi anga, me nga coils rua. Ka rite ki te tauira, he hiko ki te matua U-āhua i runga i nei i reira e rua coils. I runga i ia o ratou hanga awhiowhio te kopiko hawhe tuatahi, me te tuarua. Na roto i te honotanga terminals o te hiko hono i roto i te raupapa e hiahiatia te.

Me pēhea te ki te hanga i te tātai hiko

Kia mea a faaoti koe ki te hau i te tuarua awhiowhio o te hiko koe. Ki te mahi i tenei, ka hiahia koe ki te ako i te uara o te tawhā matua - ngaohiko, e taea te nekehia atu ki te tahuri kotahi. Ko te huarahi māmā e taea e koe te whakamahi i roto i te hanga o te hiko tenei. He nui atu uaua ki te tātai i te tawhā katoa, ki te titau te patunga e kore e anake Tuarua, engari tuatahi ano awhiowhio te. He mea tika ki te mohio e te āhuatanga wāhanga me uruhanga autō. Ki te te poraka tatau supply mana 12V 5A iho, ko te kōwhiringa ki te whiwhi atu tika atu i rite ki te urutau ki te tawhā tenei.

hurori Paraimere awhiowhio te maro atu i Tuarua, mai kia waiho ai hei torutoru mano hohoko o waea angiangi. Ko taea ki te faaohie i te raruraru, me te kia supply mana kāinga i te tikanga o te mīhini motuhake.

Ki te tātai i te taha tuarua, he mea e tika ana ki te hau 10 hohoko o te waea, e whakamahere ki te whakamahi i. Kohikohi hiko me te mātakitaki whakatūpatotanga haumaru, te hono i te tuatahi awhiowhio ki te whatunga. Swipe ngaohiko whanganga i runga i te tuarua awhiowhio o te whakatau whiwhi uara wehenga i te tau 12, 10. Na wehewehea te uara riro. Na whiwhi koe i te maha o tahuri hiahiatia ki te whakaputa 12 volts. Ka taea e koe te tāpiri i te iti ki te utu mo te maturuturunga iho ngaohiko (ake i makona ki te 10%).

Te p mo Power Supply

Tei Tīpakonga o te p Semiconductor whakamahia i roto i te supply rectifier mana i runga i te mea e tika ana uara ki te whiwhi i te tawhā o te hiko. Ko te nui te kaha o te nāianei i roto i te pōkai tuarua, kia whakamahia te p atu kaha. Ko te tino hiahia ki te hunga wahi e e hangaia i runga i te pūtake o te takawai. Otiia e kore e tangohia i te tiketike, rite kahore ratou e te tikanga mo te whakamahi i roto i whakatika i ngā pūrere. Ratou whakaaro matua - tiketike-auau tohu rapunga i roto i te tangohanga irirangi me ngā pūrere whakawhitihia.

Ko te otinga pai mo te supply te mana te mana-iti - ko te whakamahi o ngā huānga ngōhiko, te mana te mana 12V 5A taea te whakanohoia e ratou i roto i te mōkihi nui iti. Ngōhiko Arrays - he huinga o wha p Semiconductor. E whakamahia ratou anake hoki te whakatikatika o tauutuutu nāianei. Te mahi ki a ratou, ko te nui ake watea, e kore e hiahia ana ki te mahi i te rota o hononga, he reira rawaka ki te tono e rua ngaohiko putanga i te hiko awhiowhio te tuarua, me te ki te tango toe tamau.

ture ngaohiko

I muri hokohoko i te hiko e hiahiatia te ki te mahi inenga o ngaohiko i te terminals o tona tuarua awhiowhio te. Ki te nui reira 12 volts, he mea e tika ana ki te whakahaere i stabilization. e kore e ara te supply te mana wae 12V māmā mahi i waho reira. Me kï reira e te uara o te ngaohiko supply he iu. Tūhono i te ine ngaohiko ki te putanga taiepa, me te mahi inenga i ngā wā rerekē. Hei tauira, i roto i te ahiahi, taea peke reira ki runga ki te 240 volts, a i roto i te ahiahi heke noa ki te 180. reira katoa tei runga i te kawenga i runga i te raina mana.

Ki te mea ko koe i roto i te tuatahi awhiowhio o te ngaohiko hiko e puta ke, ka waiho reira iu me te i roto i te tuarua. Hei utu mo tenei, he mea e tika ana ki te whakamahi i ngā pūrere i huaina stabilizers ngaohiko. I roto i tenei take, ko te reira taea ki te whakamahi i te p zener ki te tawhā uara e tika ana (o nāianei, me te ngaohiko). Zener huinga, tangohia ake nga āhuatanga e tika ana i mua i te mahi 12V supply mana.

He hoki atu "matatau" huānga (momo KR142EN12), e ko te huinga o te maha te p Zener, me ngā āhuatanga hāngū. He pai nui ratou āhuatanga. Ano, i reira e ano ritenga ke whakaaro pera. kia waiho koe maheni ki enei āhuatanga i mua i te mahi ratou 12V supply te mana whiriwhiri koe koe.

Āhuatanga o kai mana pākau i

Kei te whānui kai Power o tenei momo whakamahia i roto i te rorohiko whaiaro. E rua ngaohiko putanga ratou: 12 V - no te puku kai pei 5 volts - mo te mahi o microprocessors me ētahi atu pūrere. Rerekē kai mana ohie ko reira e kore te mea tamau te tohu putanga, ko te pini - āhua rite te tapawhā. Ko te wā tuatahi o te wā puta te tohu i roto i te tuarua ko reira kore.

He hoki ngā rerekētanga i roto i te ara iahiko pūrere. Hoki te mahi noa o te whakawhiti te mana supply kāinga titau whakatikatikaina o te ngaohiko mains, kahore e tukupu ana tona uara (tāuru hiko tuimotu). Whakamahia whakawhiti taea kai mana e ngā pūrere rite motuhake, me o ratou ritenga ake - pākahiko. Ka rite ki te hua, ka taea e tetahi whiwhi he bespereboynik ohie, a ka whakawhirinaki tona kaha i runga i te tawhā o te kōwae mana me te momo o ngā pākahiko whakamahia.

Me pēhea te ki te tiki supply mana ore?

He ranea ki te hono i te pūhiko i roto i te whakarara te supply te mana, kia e ka tahuri te hiko te atu tonu nga whakaaro katoa ki te mahi tikanga. A, no te mahi te whatunga mana supply hono tohutohutia o te pūhiko, he rite ki te mahi o te supply mana waka te parau tumu. A, no ka momotu te te wae te mana supply ore 12B i te supply ngaohiko whatunga puta i roto i te taputapu katoa i te pākahiko.

Ko reira he wa ina e hiahia ana koe ki te tiki i te putanga o nga mains ngaohiko o 220 volts, hei tauira, mō te mana rorohiko whaiaro. I roto i tenei take e rapu te whakataki o te ara iahiko inverter - he pūrere e tahuri te ngaohiko DC o 12 volts ki AC 220. Ko atu uaua atu i taua o te supply mana ohie te ara iahiko, engari ka taea e kohikohi i te reira.

Tātari me te Topenga te wāhanga tauutuutu

Ko te wahi nui nohoia e te whiriwhiringa i roto i te hangarau rectifier. E mau ki te titiro i te poraka 12V ara iahiko mana supply i te mea te nuinga noa. Kei a ia ko te piriti ngōhiko, pūnga resistance. tapahia Tātari atu hawarite faufaa katoa, mahue te mana supply putanga DC ngaohiko. Hei tauira, te tātari māmā - ko te pūnga -hiko ki te kaha nui. Ki te titiro koe ki tona mahi ki DC me AC ngaohiko, riro te reira mārama ki tona parau tumu mahi.

I roto i te take o mua kua reira he tetahi ātete i roto i te ara iahiko ōrite kia whakakapia te reira ki te parenga iahiko whakaritea. Nui hoki te whakataunga o te ture tauwehe Kirchhoff.

I roto i te take tuarua (ka tauutuutu rerenga o nāianei) riro pūnga te pēne. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, he reira taea ki te whakakapi i te piriti e kore e whai resistance. Ka hono te reira i whakaputanga e rua. I roto i te ako atu taipitopito taea kite tatou e ka waiho te wāhanga tāupe, no te mea katia te putanga e rerenga ka nāianei. He ka waiho he ngaohiko tonu anake. I tua atu, mo te rere tere o ngā pūnga huihui wae 12B ki o ratou ringa ake te kaha hiahia ana koe i te putanga ki te kīnaki i te parenga iahiko ki ātete tiketike (3-5 MW).

Making whare

Hoki te hanga o te mana supply whare pai koki konumohe , me mau api. Tuatahi, me hanga e koe he ahua o te hanganga te kōhiwi, e muri e taea te ropia pepa o te konumohe āhua e tika ana. Ka taea te whakamahi rite te kikokore i whakarewa whakakikorua ki te whakaiti i taimaha, te mana supply. Te whakaputa wae 12B ki o ratou ringa ake te kaha o enei rauemi ngāwari e mau.

tinana Ideal o te oumu ngaruiti. Tuatahi, ko te makona kikokore, me te marama i te whakarewa. Tuarua, ki te ata mahi ia koutou nga mea katoa, ka kore e pakaru i te peita, na ka kia ātaahua te ahua. Te toru, Ko te tino nui, e taea ai tatou ki tata tetahi tinana te rahi o te kuti ngaruiti oumu.

Te hanga i te poari taiawhio tāngia

Kia rite konumohe PCB mo tenei tukanga te paparanga whakarewa ki te otinga o te waikawa pūhaumāota. Ki te kahore he pera, he mea ka taea ki te whakamahi i tētahi kawehiko ringihia ki pūhiko o te waka. Ka degrease tenei tukanga te mata. Mahi i roto i te karapu rapa ki te karo whakapā ki kiri, no te mea e taea te tiki e koe weranga kino. I muri iho, horoi te wai ki te tua o te houra (taea hopi ki haamou i te waikawa). A ka taea e hanga e koe he tuhi o te PCB.

Hanga he pikitia rite koe e taea ki te awhina o te hōtaka rorohiko motuhake, ranei ā. Ki te hua koe i te 12V rere supply 2A mana auau, nui atu i te pini, he iti te maha o ngā huānga. Na e taea ia haapae i te tauira tïpako ki pūmanawa mo te whakatauira, me te reira ki te kia tono ki te mata o te kinaki ki te tohu tūturu. He mea tika ki te hanga rua, e toru papa, hoatu te maroke o mua. Ka taea e hua pai hoatu tono wanihi (hei tauira, titi kaupapa). Pono, kia haere mai te pikitia i roto i pāhiwihiwi tika ki te paraihe.

Ka rite ki utu etch

Rite me te poari maroke i wahi o te otinga pūhaumāota ferric. Taumaha kia reira taua e te parahi rite hohoro rite mamae taea. Ki te he puhoi te tukanga, e tūtohu ana ki te whakapiki ake i te kukū o te pūhaumāota ferric i roto i te wai. Ki te kore e tenei mahi, ka ngana ki te mahana i te otinga. Hoki tenei momo te tank wai, whakaturia ki reira (e kore e wareware i te mea te reira e minaminatia ki te rokiroki i roto i te kirihou ipu karaihe ranei) oko ki te otinga o te wera me te korohū. ka wera te wai wera i te otinga pūhaumāota ferric.

Ki te kore koe e whai nui te wā pūhaumāota ferric ranei, te whakamahi i te ranunga o te tote, me te parahi ngāwhā. rite ana te poari i roto i te tikanga ōrite, i muri i te whakanohoia e ki te otinga. ka rapua e te maungärongo te poari te mana supply te tino pōturi, tata te ra ki te whakaoti i ngaro o te parahi katoa i te mata PCB - te ngoikoretanga o te tikanga. Ko he kore o te tahi mea pai, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tēnei kōwhiringa.

whakapuru wae

I muri i te tukanga waikawa, ka hiahia koe ki te horoi i te poari, te tango i te kahu paruru o te ara, ki te degrease ratou. Tohua te wāhi o nga mea timatanga katoa, wiri nga rua mo ratou. e kore e whakamahi Neke atu i 1.2-mm moka drill. Tāuta wāhanga katoa, me te tūhoto ratou ki te ara. I muri i tenei, te taupoki papanga katoa ara tine, t. E. Ki te hanga tinning ratou. hanga Poraka 12B ki o ratou ringa ake te mana ki tinning ara tāutanga ka muri nui roa koe.