Abelyar Per. Wharekarakia French philosopho, pehe me te kaiwhakatangitangi

Abelyar Per (1079 - 1142) - te tino tangata tohe rongonui o te Anotau - haere ki raro i roto i te hītori rite te kaiako mohio me te tautäwhi, nei i to ratou ake whakaaro i runga i te kaupapa e te mea faufaa rerekē i te toenga. i pakeke e kore anake te mea o te tautohenga ki te pono mārika te tikanga whakaaetia tona ora; kawea mate nui tinana Pierre aroha: tūturu, tahi, me te tinihanga. He reo ora, me te tangata tohe kupu mahinongofua whakaahuatia tona ora pakeke i roto i te mahi ā-"Ko te hītori o toku tangihanga."

Ko te timatanga o te ara uaua

Ongo'i whakawhirinaki i te hiahia tau wawe mō te matauranga, kihai Pierre te kainga tupu i roto i manakohia o te whānau, kua unu atu koe i te mahi te fafau i roto i te hōia, hoatu katoa ia ki te mātauranga.

I muri whakaako noho Abelyar Per i Paris, i reira timata ai ia e whakaako ana i roto i te mara o te teolosia me rapunga whakaaro, e muri roaa ia āhukahuka me te rongo dialectic mohio. I roto i tona kauhau, whakaturia i roto i te reo mārama huatau, ka huihui te iwi i katoa i runga i Europe.

Ko Abelard he tangata rawa matatau, me te pai-tai'o, mōhio ki te mahi a Aristotle, Plato, Cicero.

Te komokomo i te whakaaro o o ratou kaiwhakaako - kaitautoko o te pūnaha ngā o ngā ariā - Kua whakawhanakehia Pierre tona pūnaha ake - conceptualism (te tahi mea toharite i waenganui i nominalism me talena), he faufaa rerekē i te whakaaro o Champeaux - philosopho French me mystic. Whakahe ki Abelard Champeaux i na papû e ara ketia te muri ratou ariā, ka timata i muri ki te hae Pierre rongo a ka oati tona hoariri - tetahi o maha.

Per Abelyar: whakaako

Pierre i roto i ana i tuhituhi ai whakatikaia hononga i waenganui i te whakapono, me te take, hiahia te muri. E ai ki te philosopho, e kore e te tangata whakapono kui, no te mea noa e manakohia ai i roto i te hapori. parau haapiiraa Pierre Abelard o ko e kia whakapono auhia tika, me te whakapai ake i roto i reira te tangata - te whakaaro - taea anake otshlifovyvaya matauranga ngā i roto i dialectics. Whakapono he anake te whakaaro e pā ana ki te mea e kore e e mana'o tangata e wātea ana. I roto i te hua "Ae me kahore," Per Abelyar, whakatairite poto korukī te Bibilia tuhaa i te mau papa'iraa o te tohunga, tātari nga whakaaro o te mua, me te kitea e taupatupatu i roto i te tauākī pei e ratou. A pei a reira feaa i runga i etahi mārika hahi, me te whakaako Karaitiana. Otiia, i Abelyar Per kahore feaa nga tikanga matua o Karaitiana; whakaekea noa ia ratou i te whakawhenumi mohio. I muri i te katoa, he kore o te māramatanga o te karaipiture ngā ki te whakapono matapo, he rite ki te whanonga o te kaihe nei e kore e matau i te maturuturunga iho kotahi i roto i te waiata, engari e ngana ana pakeke ki te tango i te mea he waiata ataahua.

rapunga o Abelard i te ngakau o te iwi maha

Per Abelyar, he rapunga whakaaro kua kitea nei e tetahi wahi i roto i te ngakau o te iwi maha e kore e tukua e nei i te peu mâ nui, me te nuitia huaina ia anake te tangata tohe o te tahi mea e tu ana i roto i te ao. ko ia he tangata nui mo tona wa: i aroha ia wahine, ka whakamoemititia e nga tangata. whiwhi Abelard te kororia koa ana i roto i te ki tonu i.

Ko te mahi matua o te tangata tohe French ko "ae me kahore", "kōrero i waenganui i te philosopho, me he Hurai Karaitiana", "Kia matau koe", "teolosia Karaitiana".

Pierre a Eloise

Heoi, ka kawea te nuinga o te kororia o Pita Abelard kahore kauhau, me hītori whaiāipo, arahina ki te aroha o tona ora, a ka te take o te ohipa i roto i te oaoa ore i mua nei. philosopho whiriwhiri ohorere hoki ia ko te Heloise ataahua, ko wai i 20 tau teina atu Pierre. Whitu tau i te pani kotiro tawhito a ka kawea ki runga i roto i te whare o tona matua keke kēnana Fulbera kore chayavshego i roto i tona wairua.

I roto i te te kuao tau taua i precocious matatau me te taea ki te korero e rave rahi reo (Latin, Kariki, Hiperu) Eloise. Pierre, nei i karangatia ki te whakaako Fulberom Eloise, hinga i roto i te aroha ki a ia i titiro tuatahi. Na whakamoemititia he whakaaro nui, me te tangata whakao tona tauira, minamina i tona kotahi i whiriwhiri ai, a ka he rite ki te mahi i tetahi mea mo tenei tangata whakaaro nui, me te ahakoa.

Per Abelyar: He Haurongo o te aroha pouri

philosopho nui i roto i te wā whaiāipo whakamatauria hoki ia kia rite ki te rohi pehe, me te kaitito, a tuhituhi hoki te tangata taitamariki aroha ataahua waiata, ka rongonui tonu ia.

I runga i te hononga i waenganui i te hunga i aroha mohio katoa, engari Heloise, nuitia karanga ia he aroha Pierre, e kore e pa ki reira; i runga i te anga ke, i whakakake ki te tiki ia he tūranga ia, no te mea ko reira ia, he pani, Minamina Abelard wahine kaua ataahua me te pai i tona taha. ka mau hoa aroha o Eloise i Brittany, i reira i hoatu e ia whanau ki te tama, takoha te tokorua i ki te waiho i te mātauranga o te tangata ke e ko. Ratou tamaiti, e kore i kitea ano e ratou.

I muri mai, marenatia puku Per Abelyar me Heloise; ki te i hanga tūmatanui te marena, e kore i taea e Pierre e he dignitary fakalaumālie, me te hanga i te tangata tohe mahi. Eloise, kōwhiri hoki te whanaketanga wairua o te tangata, me tona mahi (hei utu o te ora taimaha ki taipa tamaiti me hopane mure ore), huna tona marena, me te i runga i tona hokinga ki te whare o te matua keke mea e te aroha Pierre.

kihai i taea e te riri Fulber haere mai ki ngā ki te hinga morare o irāmutu me kotahi te po tahi ki tomo ana kaiāwhina te whare o Abelard, te wahi i moe ai ia, e here ana me castrated. I muri i tenei tūkino tinana nanakia mutu Pierre ki te Abbey o Saint-Denisskoe ka riro Heloise he tāupo'ou i roto i te none Arzhanteyskom. e mea he he poto, me te tinana, i roa e rua nga tau, te takanga o taua aroha fenua nei. I roto i te vairaa mau, te reira noa tahuri ki te atamira rerekē - ofi wairua, faito ore, me te āhei atu ki te iwi maha.

Kotahi ki theologians

I muri ora mo etahi wa i whakangaro ai, anō Abelyar Per te tai'oraa, hoatu ara ki tono maha i ngā ākonga. Heoi, i roto i tenei wā, ka mau ia ake ringa ki nga theologians haratau e kua kitea i roto i te pukapuka "Introduction ki Teolosia" he anga ke ki te whakamārama whakaako Ekalesia o te pono mārika o te Toru tahi. ko te take mo te utu o titorehanga o te tangata tohe tenei; i tahuna tona pukapuka, me te Abelard herea i roto i te ohu o St .. Medard. Kua meinga he rerenga nui taua amuamu nui ki nga minita French, rangatira, he tokomaha o nei he ākonga o Abelard. Na reira Pierre muri i hoatu whakaaetanga ki te hoki ki St. Denisskoe Abbey. Otiia whakakitea noa i reira ia tona individuality, ki te whakapuaki i to ratou ake wāhi o te tirohanga, i te pau te riri o te kuraina. Ko te ngako o ratou riri, ko te whakatuwheratanga o te pono e pā ana ki te kaiwhakarewa pono o te whare monaki. E ai ki a Pierre Abelard, kihai i reira Dionisiy Areopagit - te tauira o te Aposetolo Paulo, a te hunga e noho ana i roto i te wā nui i muri, tetahi atu anahera tapu. Mai i te philosopho riri kuraina i ki rere; kitea e ia piringa i roto i te koraha i runga i te Seine, e tata ana Nogent, te wahi i ia - kaiwhakamarie e arata'i ki te pono, piri e rau o ngā ākonga.

timata Pierre Abelard whakatoinga hou, e tika ana ki i te tikanga ia ki te waiho France. Heoi, i roto i tenei wā i pōtitia ia Abbot o Saint-Zhildskogo ohu whakapono, te wahi pau 10 tau ia. homai Eloise i Parakletsky ohu; oho ia ki ona Nuns, ko Pierre ki āwhina i te reira i roto i te whakahaere o ngā take.

Ko te kupu o te titorehanga

I roto i te 1136, ka hoki Pierre ki Paris, i reira ka timata ano ia ki te kauwhau i St. kura. Genevieve. mohio parau haapiiraa Pierre Abelard o a kihai i hoatu e te angitu era ki ona hoariri, rawa Bernard o Clairvaux. Philosopho kotahi ano ka whakatoia. whiriwhiria i Pierre mahi i korukī ki te whakaaro, he wāhi e poka ki te whakaaro tūmatanui, i arahina ki pariraa whakahoutia o titorehanga. Huihui i te Cathedral o Sens Bernard mahi rite kaiwhiu, a ahakoa i ngoikore nui ana tohenga, te whakatangihanga a te mana wāhi nui, tae atu te popa; whakaaturia Cathedral Abelard he, ka kotahi.

Abelard ko Heloise: huihui i roto i te rangi

hoatu ka whakatika Abelard whakaruru ki a Pita te Ven - Abbot klyuinsky, tuatahi i roto i tona whare monaki, a ka i roto i St. Markella ohu .. Kua oti He mamae mo haere noa o te whakaaro ona uaua ara i roto i te ora; mate ia i runga i April 21 1142, i 63 tau o te tau. mate ana Eloise i 1164; reira hoki 63 nga tau o. I tanumia tahi te tokorua i roto i Parakletskom Abbey. A, no te i whakangaromia ai, i kawea nga pungarehu o Pierre Abelard ko Heloise ki Paris i te urupā o Pere Lachaise. Ki tenei ra, wā whakapaipai i aroha te tohu ki kupenga.