Boat "Rocket" hydrofoil: whakaahuatanga, āhuatanga. waka te wai

Boat "Rocket" - rawa te kaipuke i te parirau i raro i te waterline. whakarōpūtia ngā reira rite te "P" me te hangaia mo te tiaki tukutahi o 64-66 pāhihi. aravihi motuhake ko te whakarerekētanga o te waka. "Rocket" He āhuatanga o 27 x 5 x 4.5 m, me te akoranga o 1.1 m te takoto, i roto i te wā mangere - 1.8 m i roto i te displacement unladen o te oko -. 18, i roto i te ki tonu - 25.3. kia neke te kaipuke i te tere o te 70 km / h, engari te ture - i 60 ki te 65 km / h. kotahi hurirere me te huinga pūkaha matua ki 900-1000 mana hp whakaratohia hoki i roto i te hoahoa.

te reira ngā

Boat "Rocket" - e kore te mea he hua kotahi, engari he raupapa katoa, whakarewahia i hanga i roto i te wā o te Soviet Union. i huaina Kaupapa runga nei ki te hanga i enei oko:

• 340ME;
• 340;
• 340E.

timata matou ki te whakaputa i waka i roto i te 1957. tonu ratou production noa e pā ana ki te waenganui-70. I roto i tenei wā, whakarewahia te wai i pā ana ki toru rau poti mō te kai waka awa. Ko te tuatahi o enei ko te ingoa tohu "Rocket-1." Ko tika whakakake o te wheketere "Whero Sormovo" Ko tōna hanga.

Boat "Rocket-1" hanga te rerenga tuatahi i roto i 1957, i whakarewahia ai i runga i te 25 o Ākuhata. rere te ara i waenganui i Kazan me Nizhny Novgorod. patua oko Tapeke 420 kiromita o mata wai mo etahi haora whitu! Te tahi mea i whakakitea te kaipuke "Rocket" whakaritenga, patua te tokonga o te iwi noa. ka 30 toa waimarie te hunga iwi, e hoki te wa tuatahi i roto i te taua wā poto o te wā i runga i te wai i taea e ki te hanga i te ara ātahu.

Hakari me te heke mai

Ka rite ki te kaipuke "Rocket" (tere poti - ki runga ki te 70 km / h) kua whakaaturia taua kōwhiringa pai, reira hohoro riro rongonui. Ingoa o te oko i roto i te iwi ka tata tonu te kupu whare. Kua ora tenei iho ki te ra hakari - i tenei ra "missiles" ingoa nga kaipuke katoa e rite te kaipuke Soviet matarohia.

I roto i ngā wā Soviet, ko te kaipuke awa "Rocket" e kore te mea e wātea ana mō te katoa. mau utuafare taonga taea utu i te haerenga ki te wiki i roto i te tahi mau rohe ataahua: kawea te kaiurungi nga pāhihi ki te whanga ahakoa me manga e he uaua mō te hunga haere i te whenua. Ko te utu mo te taua ngau ipu. Hei tauira, tereina i runga i ia e taea te ki te haere he iti i roto i te tahi mau wa te taua tawhiti i te pa. Otiia, i te faaoaoaraa pai te wai mo te whānau katoa, nui atu i te kaipuke "Rocket", whakaaro ko e taea noa.

I teie mahana tenei kaipuke, ka whakamahia i runga i te rā. Hei tauira, e taea te kite i te reira i runga i te teihana awa o Nizhny Novgorod. Ra i te ra o te oko pono kawe pāhihi i waenganui i nga pa, ka whakataka tūruhi i runga i ngā ara haerenga.

Capital "Rocket"

poti Kaupapa kotahi i titiro rite kaupapa, e ka hiahia ki te hanga i te mahi wai mo te whakapaipai nui Soviet - Moscow. Na reira hangaia ratou hamani pahi pai o taua wā. Fakatatau ki ai, te taenga atu ano te tuatahi "Rocket-1", no te ko te kaipuke i roto i te pane i whakarewahia ai. ka mau wahi Ko tōna rere tuatahi i roto i 1957 i roto i te marama raumati, ka taurima te pa he hakari whakatapua ki ngā ākonga, me te taitamarikitanga. Ko te hui te ao, haere te wahi i te mana i ki te whakaatu i te pai e reira kei roto i te Soviet Union. Na kaipuke o te marae, o te akoranga, rawa.

timata Mass hydrofoils ki te mahi i roto i nga wai o Moscow anake i te timatanga o te tekau tau i muri, i reira oaoa ia he angitu tika ana tae noa ki 2006. A mai i 2007, whakarewahia te kāwanatanga he hōtaka nui-tauine ki whakahoki te waka wai uta, i roto i ngā, i te papa "missiles". Mai 2009, flights auau hanga wha taua kaipuke:

• 102 (anake hoki rerenga VIP);
• 185;
• 191 (shuttled mua rite 244 meneti);
• 246.

titau puna Unofficial e hohoro reira ka kia atu hydrofoils i runga i te kaupapa Soviet rongonui - te taenga atu ano te mahi ka oti i runga i te faaho'iraa mai o mihini.

āhuatanga General

Hydrofoil Ko te kaipuke nohopuku, i mahi i runga i te parau tumu o te tautoko hihiri. Te kaipuke he takere, ka whakaritea "parirau" raro. Ki te āta neke i te kaipuke tu ranei, ngā te toenga e kaha puāwai. A, no te ara o te hua tere puta i runga i te kaha o te mata wai, e whakapataritari nga parirau. Kua tukua tenei hoahoa ki te whakaiti resistance wai, e pä te tere.

Awa vakai Water Transport ki parirau i hanga aha i mua whakaaro taea - kauhoe tere haere pera wai o te whenua. Na ko te haerenga ki te waiho i roto i haora, ārahi ki te hua tere i roto i te rongonui o te waka. I te wa ano e āhua ngāwari ki te whakahaere i te kaipuke, a ka kua te āhuatanga e ora ratonga roa. kua meinga tenei katoa te pūtake mo te whakataetae, kia kia tīmata ratou i te kau ki tenei ra "parirau" momo o te waka te wai - he whakataetae nui ki ētahi atu tikanga o te haere.

Neraketnye "missiles"

"Rocket" riro kore noa te waka o tenei momo. I kawea te reira i roto i te whakarewatanga tuatahi o te wai o tenei rohe mō kaipuke kaipuke awa, a haere ana i te tau i muri mai ki te poti rere hydrofoil "Täingäwai". I roto i te tahi atu mea, whakakitea ana e ia i te whakaaturanga Brussels, me kahore he mea whakamiharo: ko te kaipuke i taea ki te tiki i te mētara koura.

Water rua tau i muri mai i muri i te tuatahi "Meteor" (tetahi atu orotahi o te "Rockets"), me te ka te "Comet", i riro te tuatahi i roto i te wāhi moana mo tenei momo o te kaipuke. Neke atu i te nga tau, he tokomaha i kite te marama o "te koekoea", "vortex" me "āmiorangi". Hei whakamutunga, ka taea e te korablestroitelstva tihi i roto i tenei rohe e huaina te kaipuke "tītī" - he kaipuke hau mīhini huri hiko oti.

Ko te whakapehapeha o te Soviet Union

i te Soviet Union te turanga nui o kaipuke i runga i hydrofoils, a i roto i ngā huarahi maha i whakarite ai i te meka e i whakapumautia pai te tuku o "Rocket". Otiia kihai te whenua i whakamahi iho i hanga te katoa e: takawiria hoko i kaipuke takere tāwāhi. Tapeke "missiles" hokona i roto i te maha whenua rerekē tatini.

hoahoa kaipuke ki te parirau i raro i te wai te nuinga mahi ki Rostislav Alekseev. "Rocket" - ko tetahi o nga take nui ki te kia whakakake. Te kaipuke, hangaia ki te huarahi ki runga ki te rima rau kiromita, tino whakatikaia te moni haumi i roto i reira, me te tonu ātaahua ki tenei ra.

hokohoko tino

A, no te te kaipuke "Rocket" whakakitea ratou kōwhiringa pai, tika kï, a ka reira mārama e whai ratou he rota o opuaraa, ua faaoti te kāwanatanga ki te tīmata hanga papatipu o enei waka. I tukua te mahi ki te wheketere "Moana", kei roto i Feodosiya. Ahua muri whakahaere ia ki te whakatū i te hanga o kaipuke i roto i nga pa e whai ake nei:

• Leningrad;
• Khabarovsk;
• Nizhny Novgorod;
• Volgograd.

I whakarite te reira i hoki production i runga i te rohe o Georgia, i te pa o Potiwhera.

kaipuke whakaputaina kaweake ki:

• Finland;
• Romania;
• Lithuania;
• China;
• Germany.

Na i tenei ra, "Rockets" haere i roto i te tahi mau o enei whenua. pae hopea tahuri maha kaipuke ki te kari, wharekai, wharekai.

A, kia rite i hangaia ai?

Titiro i pehea ka angitu te kaipuke, te taniwha te mea te reira e whakaritea te kāwanatanga te. Otiia ko te reira i na i roto i te mooni? whakawhanakehia te kaupapa i raro i te te tirotiro o te Tāhuhu o mua, utua e te kāwanatanga - he he meka mâro-tenei. Ko whakaatu pūrongo hītori e kore e te mau tūmanako me tumanako rangatira ki enei tauira hono. Ko te nuinga e tika ana ki te whakaaro kore-paerewa rite taua tenei - i wehi e taea te tahuna reira katoa. Na ko te wa i te mea e tino ngāwari ki te noho "taahia", e kore i taea e nei e noa he takeo, engari arahi ki te tiango oti tenei.

I roto i te kaha ki te mahi i to matou pai, he Kāmana ngingila Soviet Rostislav Alexeyev whakatakotoria atu ki mōrahi - ki te hoahoa me te hanga i te kaipuke, me te whakaatu e kore ko reira tangata ahakoa, engari kotahi Khrushchev ia, e ko, hira o mana taumata-raro katoa. i tenei mahere maia te tupono o te angitu, me te i whakatinana i roto i te raumati o 1957. Ko te kaipuke "i runga i nga parirau o" te whitinga mai i runga i te awa Moscow, a i herea i roto i te marina tupurangi, engari te wahi te tikanga pai ki te mutu Hekeretari Tianara. fakafo'ituitui karangatia Alexeev Nikita Khrushchev i te poari. Heoi ka anga te kauhoe, i whakaaetia te kaipuke ki te riro rongonui. Ahakoa Na, te mata matua o te whenua ki te aromatawai te mea i meinga te faahiahia o te whakarongo ki te mau waka katoa. Ae, ka ua faahiahia te Hekeretari Tianara i te tere. Ko reira ka e i whanau i te parau, ka ora taua hoki uri: "Kati o tatou i runga i nga awa tere kau! Ka hanga e matou! ".

e kore e History mutu

Ae, i rongonui "missiles", ko te whakapehapeha o te iwi, kia aroha, mohiotia, whakamoemititia, hoki ki a ratou te utu i te moni. Engari kia rite ki te wā haere, te kaipuke āta riro tawhitotia. O te akoranga, te wa tuatahi ka hanga ko ratou, engari ka fakamāmaní Union haere kihai i "faaheeraa" ki runga ki nga kaipuke. obsolescence Hangarau me te waka awa anake tupu. I te hoê taime e au ra te reira e te heke mai i roto i tenei aronga, ko te ngā kore rawa o transportation, i te iti rawa e kore i roto i te tekau tau i muri.

Na he tau torutoru i mua tīmata matou he hōtaka ki whakahauora i te kaipuke pai o te Soviet Union - "missiles". A me ki a ratou i faaoti i te reira ki te haumi i roto i te "Comet" me "Meteora". Ahakoa te āhuatanga ōhanga kaua uaua i roto i te whenua, i taka te kāwanatanga kua ki te tohatoha moni mo te mahi ki te whakapai ake i te waka, me te ao hou, o kaipuke ki nga hiahia o to tatou wa. Kua whakawhanakehia tētahi hōtaka motuhake, hangaia ki te tautoko i te Kooti ki te parirau i raro i te wai. ka mea nui i roto i te 2016, ka ko te kaipuke "Comet 120M" ki te whakaatu e kore te kaha i haere ki nga wahi.

Otiia ko te "Rocket" reira tuatahi?

Na mahara torutoru iwi e pā ana ki reira, engari te "Rocket" kihai i te nganatanga tuatahi ki te hanga i tenei momo o te waka. I mua i a ia te whanaketanga, kōrero e he reira taea ki te whakatutuki i te tere mahinga pai i whakatakoto nga parirau i raro i te takere. whanau te whakaaro o te oko taua i roto i te rau tau XIX!

He aha e kore i taea e tetahi tika ki te hanga i mua i te hanga i te reira Alexeyev? i whakamahia engines steam Tuatahi, i te mea pai iti te kaha. E noa e kore e nui ki te whakawhanake i te tere i ai i tino nga parirau e kia whai hua ratou. Na reira, i taua wā katoa mutu ahua me whakapae "rite taea e te reira." Heoi, ko nga wa whakaongaonga enei: i kite whakarongo auau nga momo hou katoa o ngā whare, me nga pau o te hanganga, te kaipuke whakatakotoria pūkete, engari haere marama - ka akina kua oko hou. au ra mutunga te iwi. I roto i te iwi, i te kaipuke tuatahi rawa ki te parirau i raro i te wai, ka karanga "poraka". Ahakoa hohoro ia whakangaueuetia, engari ou'a na i runga i te mata te wai, a ko rawa iu.

kaipuke High-tere: pehea i reira?

I roto i 1941, i roto i Nizhny Novgorod awhina (i roto i aua ra i huaina ko Gorky) tuhinga i i te Institute Industrial, whakatapua ki te waka tauihi ki parirau i raro i te wai. Ko te kaituhi o tenei kaupapa ko Rostislav Alekseev - te tetahi e "ki te hau" heke mai eke Khrushchev i Moscow.

whakakitea nga tuhi kōmihana pai te kaipuke ki te mahi tere tiketike. I mahara te reira ki te mahi i runga i te parau tumu, i mua e kore kua ano i kawea mai ki te ora. Ko te ao i taua wa kihai noa i te tīariari tetahi rite taua. Mea atu nei i te manawa o te tekau - Na, a kihai te hawhe te whakapuaki i to ratou ahuareka, me te ohorere.

Opportunities me haratau

I tū tētahi akoranga pōkairua mo Alekseeva "pai" a faauru ia ki te utu ake he pūrongo i roto i i whakaarohia e ia ki te kawe mai i te kaupapa ki te ora. I tonoa e te tuhinga ki te Navy me te riro tata whakahoki taiawhio tutuki Kāore me kore hiahia i roto i kaihoahoa nui.

matua keke Pakeke i roto i te Soviet Navy i roto igrushechki kore takaro! Well haina matou i te mutunga o te pai whakapati mo te kuao kaipūkaha o te parau: ". He mua rawa o tona wa koe"

A, no te vilitakí toa ti'aturi ore

Etahi e kua hoatu ki runga i runga i te wahi e Rostislav: i reira ko tetahi whawhai, i reira ko kahore he moni, te āhuatanga he āhuatanga catastrophic i uaua, me te aha fakamanamanai te heke mai tata, a ko reira katoa e taea ana ki te whakaaro. Otiia e kore e te mātanga taitamariki i hiahia ki te hoatu ki runga. haere ahau i te tau mai i te pukapuka whakawāteatanga, a inaianei hanga Alekseev whakapā ki Krylov, te tino kaihoahoa o te tipu, motuhake i roto i te waka te wai. Tenei tangata mahara, ahei ki te titiro ki te heke mai, ka kite i nga tuhinga o nga āhuatanga engineering pakaruhanga fo'ou ka hiahia ki te titiro ki a ratou tata atu. Na ka aru e rave rahi tau kukū o te whawhai, me te hohoro muri. Kua whakahē taunu maha te kaupapa, i roto i nga Engineers mahi ki runga ki taua mea kaha. A i roto i te 1957, te mutunga ka haere ki te angitu tūturu.

ite te kaipuke hou te nohopuku, me te tonu muri iho haere ki te whakapaipai, i tāpiritanga - i roto i te hakari ao, i ko ki te haere ki te matenga o te kāwanatanga. I roto i te tika 14 haora, tae te oko i te scene, i mahi i te wa ki te kaipuke awa hipokina tenei tawhiti i roto i pā ana ki toru ra. Ko e founga te kōrero whakawhanakehia atu, e mohio ana kua koe.

Kei te tatari ia mo Alekseev he whakamanamana taua? Pea ae. Ahakoa ko uaua te tauine o te mua ki te imi. E tatari tatou mo te hoki e whakahoutia nei "Rocket" i runga i nga wai o to tatou whenua? Te feaa, ae. Ko te kainga tupu hītori, me te motu nui tenei kaipuke, a ki reira he waka pai, e hāngai ana i roto i te ora ia rā.