Diffie-Hellman hātepe: whakarite

Te āhua, torutoru iwi i tenei ra, te whakamahi i raraunga i runga i takere kōrero pāhekeheke, whakaaro ki ta te hātepe Diffie-Hellman. I roto i te meka, e kore he tokomaha e matau me hiahia. Heoi, ngā kaiwhakamahi o ngā pūnaha rorohiko, pera ki te korero, pākiki atu ki matau, e kore e taea e tenei kino ia. I roto i ngā, kia whai hua ki ngā kaiwhakamahi e hiahia i roto i ngā take o te haumaru mōhiohio me te tuhiwhakamuna te utu matua Diffie-Hellman.

He aha te mea te tikanga o Diffie-Hellman?

Ki te whakatata tatou te pātai o te hātepe iho, ano kahore haere ki kōrero hangarau, me te pāngarau, ka taea e tatou te tautuhi i te reira rite te tikanga o te whakamunatanga, me te wetemunatanga o ngā mōhiohio tuku a riro i waenganui rua, neke atu rānei ngā kaiwhakamahi o te rorohiko ranei te tahi atu ngā pūnaha e pā ana i te utu o te raraunga ki te whakamahi o te kōrero teihana wateatanga.

Ka rite ki te mea mārama, i roto i te ngaro o te teihana tiaki ki te haukoti ranei whakarerekē kōnae i roto i te tukanga o te whakawhitihia me te fariiraa, a taea te hoariri. Heoi, ko te tohatoha matua Diffie-Hellman mō te whai wāhi ki te tuku me te farii i raraunga pērā e te tata rawa whakakorea te tānoanoa. I roto i tenei kōrero kōrero rēhita ki te hongere kōrero (kahore he tiaki ona) riro haumaru ki te whakamahi rōpū e rua te kī kotahi.

prehistory

Ko te hātepe Diffie-Hellman i whakaurua ki te ao hoki i roto i te tau 1976. Ko tōna kaihanga hei Uitfrid Diffie ko Martin Hellman, e i roto i tona rangahau o ngā tikanga whakamunatanga raraunga haumaru, me te pono i runga i te mahi o Ralph Merkle, e whakawhanakehia te pūnaha tohatoha matua tūmatanui pera-ka karanga.

Otiia ki te whakawhanakehia Merkle pūtake anake ariā, aroaro Diffie ko Hellman ki te iwi whānui i te otinga mahi ki tenei raruraru.

Te whakamārama māmā

Mau, e hāngai ana te whakamātautau kei i runga i hangarau whakamunatanga cryptographic e kua miharo inaianei maha tohunga i roto i tenei mara. ciphers anthology ngā rawa he hītori roa. Ko te ngako o te tukanga katoa, ko te ki te whakarite kia reira e rua ngā rōpū, e-mēra, i te tahi mau raraunga whakawhitiwhiti ki te awhina o ngā hōtaka rorohiko ranei. Ko meatia te korero i roto i te ara taua e te hātepe Diffie-Hellman iho titau e mohiotia te kī wetemunatanga te ki te rōpū e rua (te tuku me te whiwhi). A, no te he tino iti nei o ratou e whakaputa he maha tupurangi tuatahi tenei (e whakamārama tenei wāhi, ka whakaaro tātai tātai matua).

Methods o whakamuna raraunga o wā mua

Ki te hanga mārama reira, mōhio tatou e te ara tino tahito ki te whakamuna raraunga te, hei tauira, te takikupu te kore mahue ki te tika, ka rite ki he tikanga i roto i te nuinga o hōtuhi me tika ki te mahue. Waihoki, ka taea e koe ngāwari te whakamahi me te whakakapinga o pukapuka o te tātai reta i roto i te tauākī. Hei tauira, e taui te kupu tuarua te pukapuka ki te tuatahi, te tuawha - te toru, me te pera i runga i. Ko te tino taua tuhinga i te tirohanga o reira kia he tito noa oti. Heoi, ko te tetahi e tuhituhi te waehere pūtake, kia rite ki te tangata e kua ki te pānui i, i roto i te mea kia kia kia whakanohoia etahi pūāhua. huaina ana tēnei ko te kī.

Kia mōhio e kore e matau te nuinga o nga tuhinga tonu undeciphered me tuhituhi cuneiform o nga Sumerians tahito me Ihipiana crypto-kaitätari anake te mea o te meka e kore ratou e mohio me pehea ki te whakaturia ake te raupapa e hiahiatia ana o pūāhua.

A i roto i to tatou take - riro te kē Diffie-Hellman e mohiotia te kī wetemunatanga te ki te iti te maha o ngā kaiwhakamahi. Heoi, a konei he mea e tika ana ki te hanga i te rahui, no te mea e taea te takahi te pokanoa i roto i te tuku o nga raraunga whakamunatia o tenei momo i ngā rōpū tuatoru, ki te e whakaoti ratou te whakauru whakakapi ranei o pūāhua.

haere te reira i waho e mea e reira e teie nei nui cryptosystem kaha e hāngai ana i runga i hātepe pērā i AES, engari e kore e hoatu e ratou taurangi tonu o te tiaki ki hacking raraunga tuatoru-rōpū.

Well, inaianei arotahi tatou i runga i te pūnaha whakamunatanga te nuinga, tona tono mahi, me te tohu o te tiaki.

Diffie-Hellman hātepe: whakarite

I hanga te hātepe kia rite ki te whakarite i te tūmataiti kore anake o ngā raraunga i roto i te tuku o te rōpū kotahi ki te tahi atu, engari ano i roto i te tikanga ki te tango humarie ratou ki runga ki te taenga. Pakeke e korero ana, me whakarite he taua pūnaha tuku tiaki tonu hoki takere katoa taea o te kōrero.

Te mahara, i roto i te Pakanga o te Ao Tuarua, ka hua kore whainga te maramarama o te whenua ona hoa katoa mō te mīhini whakamunatanga i huaina "Enigma", i nei te tuku karere whakawaeheretia ki Morse waehere. I muri i te katoa, e kore i taea e te reira whakaoti te kahore KarereHuna, ara te ara e korero tatou e pā ana ki, "matatau" tohunga i roto i te tuhiwhakamuna. Anake i muri i whiwhi tona hopu te kī ki deciphering te karere ka tonoa e te kaipuke Tiamana.

Diffie-Hellman hātepe: he tirohanga whānui

Na, ko te hātepe whai wāhi te whakamahi o te torutoru ariā taketake. Tera pea i tatou i te take māmā, ka e kitea i runga i te hononga i te rōpū e rua (te kaiwhakamahi). rawea, tatou ratou rite A me B.

whakamahi rātou i rua tau X, me Y kahore e ngaro, i roto i tenei hongere kōrero, ki te whakahaere i te tukupoi. Ko te ngako katoa o te pātai whewhe ki raro ki, ki te hanga i runga i to ratou pūtake o te ahua hou o te uara e ka hei te kī. Ko! Kei te whakamahi i te kaiwaea tuatahi he nui tau pirimia, me te tuarua - tonu te tau tōpū (vahihia), engari raro i roto i te tikanga atu i te tuatahi.

Noatia, whakaae kaiwhakamahi e pupuri i enei tau ngaro. Heoi, no te mea he pāhekeheke te awa, ki nga tau e rua ka taea e riro mōhiotia me ētahi atu rōpū whai pānga. Ko te aha whakawhiti iwi i roto i te taua karere matua ngaro ki te wetemuna te karere.

Ko te tātai taketake mō te tātai i kī

Kei te riro te reira e pā ana te Diffie-Hellman ki te pūnaha o pera-ka karanga whakamunatanga hangarite, i runga i nei i reira nga pūrongo o KarereHuna hangarite. Heoi, ki te whakaaro tatou ki nga āhuatanga matua o te tātaitanga o te rōpū ope matua, whai ki te haamana'o i te iti rawa taurangi.

Ko te kupu, hei tauira, ia o nga kaiohauru mahia e tau matapōkere te me te b. e matau ana ratou i roto i mua i te uara o te x me te y, e ai ara kia "tuia" i roto i te pūmanawa e hiahiatia ana.

A, no te unga fariiraa i te karere taua ranei te kaitango A computes te uara matua, timata mai i te tātai ^A = x ^te y mod, i whakamahia e te tuarua he huinga o te B = x ^b mod y, aru e te unga o te kī wetemuna ki te kaiwhakamahi tuatahi. Ko te taahiraa tuatahi tenei.

Na whakaaro e te rōpū tuatoru āwangawanga kua i tona tikanga e rua nga uara tātai o te ko B. katoa te taua, e kore e taea e wawao te reira i roto i te tukanga o te whakawhiti raraunga, no te mea te taahiraa tuarua ko ki te mohio me pehea ki te tātai i te kī noa.

Mai i te tātai i runga, ka taea e koe noho i te tātai matua noa. Ki te titiro koe ki te tauira Diffie-Hellman kia titiro te tahi mea rite tenei:

1) Tātaitia te kī kaitango tuatahi i runga i x i te tātai ^{B he mod y = x AB mod} y;

2) Tuarua, i runga i te tuatahi tau y me rite rite ki te kawa whatunga kōwhiringa B, tautuhi te kī i te tawhā ^{A ngā: He mod y = x b} ba y mod.

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, te uara whakamutunga noa ina hāngai raupapa nekehanga. Ko te kupu, Kei te heke wetemuna o ngā raraunga e ngā rōpū e rua, kia rite ki te mea ratou, ki te tauraro noa.

Whakaraeraetanga i wawaotanga i roto i te tukanga whakawhiti raraunga

Ka rite ki a koutou kia mahara, e kore e araia wawaotanga rōpū tuatoru. Heoi, i roto i tenei take ko reira te tīmatanga whakapūtā te maha o te 10 ^100, ranei ara ^10.300.

haere te reira i waho e mea ana e ki tetahi o tenei ra te waihanga i tētahi kupuhipa waehere uru ranei generators ki whakatau i te maha ano taea kore (anake e te kōwhiringa wā tuatahi, me te whakamutunga, me te kore hoki wawaotanga i roto i te pūnaha tuku). e tango reira kia nui te wa e ka mutu te ora i runga i te whenua. Heoi, āputa i roto i te taua pūnaha haumaru ko tonu i reira.

Nuinga o ngā wā e pā ana ratou ki te matauranga o te taupū kōaro motuhake. Ki te taua matauranga, ko te ki te anganga taea te hātepe Diffie-Hellman kia (engari anake mo nga tawhā tuatahi, me te whakamutunga rite whakahuatia i runga ake). Ko tētahi atu mea, ko te e riro taua wae te matauranga.

Mā te whakamahi i te hātepe mō te tūāpapa Java

whakamahia Diffie-Hellman hātepe te i roto i te Java anake ki tono rite "kiritaki-tūmau".

I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, kei te tārewa te tūmau mihini tūhono kiritaki. A, no te hanga e hononga kei, reira ko te mahi o te hātepe papatono i runga i te titiro mo te kī tūmatanui tūmataiti ranei, a ka taea te kaiwhakamahi tiki whai wāhi ki ngā mahi katoa me te raraunga o te tūmau iho tonu. I te tahi taime e parau mau tenei ara i roto i ngā pūnaha pūkoro, Heoi, e matau ana ki tenei iwi torutoru rawa, te atu e te wahi whakahaere o te mahi i roto i te aratau kitea i roto i te puka o hōtuhi whakamahi.

Mā te whakamahi i te hātepe mō te tūāpapa C (+ / ++)

Ki te titiro koe ki te Diffie-Hellman i te «C» (+ / ++), na e kore te mea pera maheni reira. Ko te meka Ko e te tahi mau taime i reira ko te raruraru, no te nuinga o te mahi ki te tātai papatono ia reo e pā ana ki tere mata. Ko te aha ka whakanoho he uara tōpū, ka ngana ki whakaawhiwhi (ara ranei mana rea), i reira kia kia raruraru i te wa whakahiato. Rawa āwangawanga reira te mahi hē int.

Heoi, he mea utu aufauraa i te whakarongo ki te toenga o te wāhanga whakamahi i, rite ki te tikanga, ko nga akomanga mahi, te mana rea taua pā whare pukapuka GMP attachable ranei.

hātepe whakamunatanga Modern

Kei te whakapono te reira e ko te Diffie-Hellman tonu ki te whiua, kahore tetahi e taea. I roto i te meka, ko reira ia te tangata e mahi pera i te pūtake mo te putanga o taua pūnaha o te tiaki mohiotia i roto i te mara o te whakamunatanga raraunga rite AES128 me AES256.

Heoi, ka rite ki kore te whakaaturanga mahi, ahakoa te wātea o ngā tau i roto i te waitara mohiotia e te tangata, te nuinga o nga pūnaha o tenei momo whakamahi i te uara anake o te tatini tuatahi (a muri ake nei), engari ko te hātepe ano titau te tau i te miriona ngā wā atu.

hei utu o te hopearaa

I roto i te whānui, pea, ko reira kua mārama he aha te tikanga tenei pūnaha me aha e ona wāhanga algorithmic. Reira anake tonu ki te tāpiri e te farii i te reira ki taua pūmanawa nui e te reira tino tata whakamahi tangata.

I te tahi atu te ringa, me te whakaraeraetanga i roto i te hātepe mārama nui. Whakawa hoki koe: i roto i te meka, tuhituhi i tētahi hōtaka ki te whakatatau taupū kōaro motuhake, tata tetahi o tona kaihanga taea te uru ki te tawhā tuatahi whakaturia e te kaiwhakamahi e kore anake, engari ano hoki ki te kī tūmatanui, hanga nei i roto i te pūnaha whakamunatanga me wetemunatanga.

I roto i te take māmā he reira rawaka ki te hanga i te tāutanga o te kawenga o Java-āporoiti, e taea te whakamahi ara i roto i kōrero pūkoro. O te akoranga, e kore e te kaiwhakamahi mohio e pā ana ki reira, engari ka taea ki te whakamahi tetahi ona raraunga.