Game theorist Dzhon Nesh

riro Dzhon Nesh kua mohiotia whānui puta noa i te whakawhetai ao ki te kiriata "He Mind Ataahua." Ko reira Koinei mo, i ako ki te whakapono i roto i te mana o te maramarama tangata, kiriata ora-whakakoia. Tenei biopic, kiriata ru kiriata-kitea. whakamōhio te reira i te kaimātaki ki te ao o te heke mai, te wahi mahi te hinengaro whakamiharo. i whiria, ongo o te haurangi me te poto i roto i tona kotahitanga me te pakanga. Collection "whiwhia" - taunakitanga o tenei. Hanga e tenei mathematician, kua tahuri ka huripokitia e nga turanga o te mahi rangatōpū kēmu ariā. 27 ngā whārangi täkutatanga tuhinga Nash i te mana taua i runga i te hapori me te ōhanga, kia rite ki te tuhinga whakapae täkutatanga 21 whārangi i runga i te ahupūngao ariā o Einstein.

Ko te ariā o Arama Smith, e ngā whai te whanaketanga o te hapori bourgeois ohaoha, whakaritea ki te ara tūhura reira Dzhon Nesh, titiro koma, e kore e hoatu i te whakamārama mārama o maha ari nāianei. E pā ana te ariā i runga i roto i te ara ano e rite ana te āhuahanga e rua-ahu ko te huinga anake o te-ahu toru.

tomokanga

I whanau a Hoani i runga i 13.06.1928, i roto i Bluefield (Te Hau-ā-uru Virginia). kihai i te kura he "nerd", ako ia reo. E ai ki te huru - i te nanakia, siokita.

A feruri na i te mathematician heke mai (āhuahanga pārōnaki me te ariā o te kēmu) kihai i rite te kura te kaupapa. I tenei wā, ko nga mea katoa i roto i reira reo tūpato. Ka rite ki te moe tona hinengaro me tatari mo te pana. Na ka haere mai ano ia.

I tau 14, ka hinga i te taure'are'araa ki te ringa o te pukapuka "AZ o pāngarau" o tona compatriot Erika Bella, mathematician me te kaituhi o te pakimaero pūtaiao. Ko te tino authentically whakaahua ana te ora o te pāngarau nui o ratou hihiri me te takoha ki te ahu whakamua i te pukapuka.

Eaha tei tupu, no te pānui ratou pukapuka? Ko wai e matau ana ... engari ko reira rite tomokanga, i muri nei ki runga ki tenei rawa toharite "hina" ākonga whakatutuki te taea ohorere Dzhon Nesh ki ētahi atu io ture tauwehe iti o Fermat. iti ki te mea i te ke tūkunga muri kua. Ko whakapono ahau, ko reira he semeio. Ki te aha e taea e rite ai? Pea na, me te mea te kaiwhakaari runaruna porowini tahuri ake te take, a ka he te reira nui ki te tākaro Hamlet i te pane.

Polytechnic Institute

(Tārite tama tona ingoa) tona papa ko te tangata mātauranga, mahi ia hei kaipūkaha hikohiko i roto i te kamupene arumoni. Matua i muri i te tohu o te Ariā Last o Fermat i kitea e Dzhon Nesh, ka waiho Jr. he kaiputaiao.

whakatuwheratia ētahi rangahau ngingila whanui te tatau o te taata i roto i te tika whaimana Polytechnic Institute, Carnegie, te wahi tuatahi i whiriwhiria e te tangata taitama matū, ka te ōhanga o te ao, me te hopea whakapumautia ano i roto i te hiahia ki te riro i te mathematician. whiwhi ia pōkairua, parau tu'ite a me nekehanga o ariki, e hāngai ana ki te makehe "Mā te me Applied Mathematics".

Ki te ako pehea ki te mauruuru ana kaiako'inisititiutí, e ai ta te kupu tohutohu i whakaputaina e te kaiako Richard Mahana mō te whakauru ki a University Princeton. Tenei ko te kuputuhi i roto i tonu, me te verbatim: "! Tenei taata - te poto"

University Princeton

A e kore whakawhetai tūtohutanga, me ngā whakamātautau haere tīrama tomo ia te University o Dzhon Nesh. Haurongo o reira i hanga i te mana'o e tino ia arahina iku'anga. Pehea whakakitea reira?

Ia te mea kahore ia i mohio ko iwa anake tau i mua i te tahuri, ka e kati te haurangi mō te toru tekau tau ona marumaru pouri o te tuakoi Wairau i te ao i waho, whakawhiti te reira i roto i o te hapori, e whakamotitia hapu, whakakore mahi me kāinga.

iwi Young noa kahore e mohio pehea a kihai i mohio no hea te rārangi pai e wehe poto me te haurangi. Ia anaanatae oha te whakaaturanga o te pūtaiao hou o ariā kēmu, te brainchild o economists Morgenstern ko John von Neumann, a tonu ka mau ake te haaferuriraa tupou. E rua tekau nga tau o te maramarama i taea ki te whakawhanake takitahi taputapu taketake o ariā kēmu, me i 21 tau kua oti ia te mahi i runga i te tuhinga täkutatanga e ōrite ana.

Hea ko te tākuta taitamariki tata pūtaiao ki te mohio e i muri i 45 tau te ariā o Dzhona Nesha Nobel kia ka arotakea? Ka Me te Kamupene tata hawhe te rau tau ki te ite e ko te reira i te pakaruhanga!

mahi

Tino wawe i roto i nga tau 1950-1953., I pūtaiao-tau 22-25-tawhito tīmata te wā o te paari auaha. tuhituhi e ia te maha o nga mahi taketake i runga i te pera-ka karanga ariā o kēmu ki te moni kahorekore. He aha te mea te reira? Kia mōhio ka kitea e koe i muri i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Dzhon Nesh - te mathematician rongonui, me te angitu. Tona wahi o te mahi ko te tino whaimana Institute Massachusetts o Technology, kei roto i Cambridge. Na ka ataata ia waimarie: te whakapā ki te propentagonovskoy RAND Corporation. kai ia he aha te pūtea mutunga o te Cold War, hoko tetahi o nga tohunga ārahi American i roto i tona mana.

He aha te mea kēmu ariā

He uaua ki te pe si◊aki koha ki ariā kēmu i te ture o nāianei o te hapori. He aha te mea he hapori i roto i ngā o macroeconomics? Ko te pāhekoheko o maha kaitākaro. Hei tauira, te mahi whakahiato, te kāwanatanga, whare. Ahakoa i tenei taumata tonotono, ko reira mārama e ia o ratou e whai ana tona rautaki.

Pakihi pea i tahuri ki te faarahi i to ratou hua (whare utesnyaya) me ki te whakaiti i takoha (underpaying State).

State pai ki te faa'oru takoha (pehi i te pakihi iti, me te reo) me taumata o raro o te tiaki pāpori (murua tautoko wāhanga whakaraerae o te hapori).

Whare whakamarie teeraa pāpori tautoko i te āhua me te utu iti rawa o taonga me ngā ratonga whakaputaina e te pakihi.

Me pehea e taea te tiki i enei Swan, Cancer ko Pike tahi me hihiri toia te kaata, te ingoa o nei - te kamupene? tautuhi te reira i kēmu ariā.

Ko te brainchild o Dzhona Nesha - te raruraru ki te moni kore-kore

Ko te piha haapiiraa i runga o ngā raruraru i reira te ngaro i te taonga o te rōpū kotahi te tahi atu, ka karanga te raruraru i te kore-moni. mohio te reira e founga ki te tatau me te Morgenstern ko von Neumann. Heoi, haamana'o e hanga mo tenei piha o ngā raruraru kua taputapu me taputapu ariā o Dzhon Nesh.

Otiia e kore e te mathematician ngingila i runga i tenei tauira mutu, kua whakamatauria te reira mahi atu i ahuareka o te piha haapiiraa (kore-moni). Hei tauira, te whakahaere pakanga me ngā uniana hokohoko, ki te hanga tono ki te whakaara utu.

Käre e te āhuatanga e te patu roa, ka mamae taha e rua parekura. A, no te whakamahi i rite te uniana me te whakahaere, te rautaki pai, me te hunga me ētahi atu ka noho i roto i te win. huaina ana tēnei āhuatanga ko te tauritenga kore-paheko Nash taurite ranei. (Tenei ahua o ngā raruraru he take takawaenga, pakanga hokohoko.)

whakaatu hapori whakataetae o teie mahana i te momo pono mure ore o taunekeneke o kaiwhakaari rerekē. Na tata katoa o ratou Nireaha ki te tātari pāngarau rite te raruraru ki te moni-kore kore.

ora whaiaro

Tae noa ki te mutunga o o te 50 toa Nobel heke mai piki Dzhon Nesh te arawhata mātauranga, me, pera ki te korero, mokowhiti toru kaupae. kihai i te whakaaro matua iwi ki a ia. Tou kanohi, me te nukurau ia tukinotia aroha ia hoa i MIT Eleanor Stier. Kihai pa ia me i whanau ia ia he tamaiti. Ia e kore e noa i whakaae tona whakamatuatanga matua. Ratau, tetahi o te kapa i roto i hoa i kahore hoa Nash. i rereke, me te ke ia, noho i roto i te ao whakaaro e te taua tātai he. i whakatapua e tona aro katoa ki te kotahi te mea - te whakawhanake i te rautaki pai.

Takekore ki te mea, tupu ārahi kaihangarau o te Cold War, e toru tekau Dzhon Nesh. Sioloto ia i roto i enei tau, ko te tino rite ki te pikitia o te kaiwhakaari e te whakatangihanga a ia Rassela Krou. Brunette ki te mata maramarama, me te titiro whakaaro. Waitohungia Fortune Magazine tona kororia, me te rongo. I roto i te Hui-tanguru 1957, ka moea e ia Alicia hinu poaka, whai ratou e rua nga tau tama Martin whakakitea. Heoi, te mea tenei ki te hei i te wāhi tino teitei rawa o te mahi te wakarererangi, me te oranga whaiaro timata a Hoani ki te whakaatu tohu o tuakoi Wairau.

mate

Muri ki Dzhona Nesha timata te moepapa: he therapy taiāki mārō i roto i Trenton State Hospital, pananga, whakarere i muri i toru nga tau o te mate ki pau Alicia hinu poaka, pohehe ana nga whare haurangi.

I roto i te 60 o ongo'i ia pai, a hoatu ana e Eleanor Stier te manene i te tuanui i runga i to ratou pūtaiao matenga, pau ia wa i roto i te aparauraa ki tana tama matamua. whakaaro Nash i ora ia, a ka mutu ia tango te rongoā. hoki te mate.

Na, i roto i te 70 ', i hoatu e ia rerenga Alicia hinu poaka. ka hoatu e hoa ia he mahi.

Ko te ara ki te ora

I tenei tahuri, ua ite ia e ora i roto i te halá, tuakoi hauā me te ao Wairau, ka anga ka ki te whawhai ki te mate. Otiia kihai i ia he tākuta, me te kaipūtaiao. Na reira, e kore ana ringa ka tikanga hauora, ka whakawhanakehia e ia Game Theory. Pūtaiao tamau whawhai te Paranoia Dzhon Nesh. Kiriata ki Russell Crowe faaite i roto i te tūranga o te poto te. whawhai ia ki te mate huri noa i te karaka, kahore tau, kia rite ki te hoariri i runga i te kēmu mua o te kaupapa ki te whakaiti i ona tūponotanga o whāiti te whānuitanga o whiu, he whakakahore kaupapa. Ka rite ki te hua o tenei nui tino i roto i tona ora o te rōpū patua e ia te haurangi poto: kua tutuki ia te whakaiti pūmau tonu o te mate e mahu.

I te pae hopea, i tukua te whakawa-maoro-hia iho i roto i te tau 1990 e te rata: whakahokia mai Dzhon Nesh. Me utu tatou i takoha ki te ao pūtaiao o te United States, e kore e wareware te poto i muri i enei ake atu i te rima tekau nga tau katoa, whakamahia ratou nga taputapu whakawhanakehia e Nash. I roto i te 1994, i riro ia te Nobel (mo tona tuhinga paetahi, tuhituhia i te tau o 21!). I roto i te 2001, e here ana kotahi ano Nash te kono ki Alicia hinu poaka. I teie mahana, tamau noa te pūtaiao rongonui tona mahi pūtaiao i roto i tona tari Princeton. he hiahia i roto i te rautaki nonlinear o te whakamahi i rorohiko ia.

mutunga

Tenei poto American - he tangata Koinei katoa, katoa tona ora - te tohu o te ariā o kēmu. ka huihui tona ora, me te whakamanamana, te aroha me te haurangi, me te wikitoria o te feruriraa i runga i Paranoia. Hoki te tātaritanga o te parau mau e karapoti Dzhon Nesh kua oaoa tonu whakawhanakehia reira iho hei kaimahi i pūtaiao.

Ko te pūtaiao poto rawa mārama e taea te āhuatanga e te parau Umberto Eco (pūrākau "a Foucault tautau"), e te tākaro tonu te poto i runga i te wāhanga kotahi. Heoi, i tona kēmu - he ahurei, me te ahurei. No te mea ka nui ia ki runga ki taua mea, ka whakamahi i te tahi atu wae katoa.