Geiger counter atu taputapu ranei mo ine i te taumata o te radiation

Instruments, ko tona mahi, ko te ki te ine i taea te pēnei te taumata radiation i roto i to tatou wa tata ki te kāwai o te hikohiko kiritaki. Kia pehea te mahi i tenei tikanga, me te aha, kua reira hei pena rongonui?

Pehea e mahi i te reira?

Ko te pūrere tino pai-mohiotia, me te rongonui mō te ine i te irarukenga - Geiger counter. Tona ingoa, me te whanau au, ia ahupūngao German Hans Geiger, e hangaia tenei pūrere i roto i 1908 tahi ki ētahi atu pūtaiao pai-mohiotia - Ernest Rutherford. 20 tau i muri mai, ka hoki Geiger ki tona tenenga, a para reira tahi ki te ahupūngao W. Muller. Ahakoa te meka e tenei pūrere i runga i te tau rau, kua pai whakamahia te reira i roto i to tatou ra. He rite i roto i te mahi parau tumu ki a ia te nuinga o dosimeters whare.

Nahea te Geiger? Ko tōna huānga matua - he karaihe whakarewa ranei rango hiri ki tonu ki te ranunga o haurehu e mangere - haukura me te hauhauā. Here, i roto i te rango, kei te whakanohoia electrodes rua. Ka rite ki mohiotia te, whakanoho te poipoi radiation i te puka o matūriki. A, no te taka i te iti rawa tetahi o taua matūriki i roto i te mita, ionized te ranunga hau te: riro faaitoitohia ngota hau, ai taea e ratou marama ake. Tenei tukanga me te counter whakaritea. Hei te rēhita i te maha tangohia o matūriki iratuki, tineia te tukanga ionization te āwenewene. puta tenei i roto i te hautau o te tuarua. Ki runga ki te rapunga o matūriki iratuki hua Geiger te tangi E pato āhuatanga.

taumata radiation whanganga i te tahi atu mau rave'a. Āpiti atu ki ngā porotiti Geiger e whakamahia pinepine tioata scintillator. hāngai ana te mahi o enei whakaaro i runga i te meka e te tahi mau matū (hei tauira, te konutai konutawa konutea pūngāwhā ranei) marama i te kitenga o te radiation. Tau o hiko i runga i te rahi o te radiation horopeta rānei ka whakaritea e te kōwae motuhake - he photomultiplier.

Ko tētahi atu kōwhiringa - he tikanga matū mō te rapunga o ira. whakamahi te reira i tauhohe matū tupu i roto i etahi rauemi i raro i te mana o te radiation. Hei tauira, i roto i tenei take, decomposes chloroform me hanga HCl, e tomo ki roto ki te tauhohe tae ki te waikano tāpiri ki chloroform.

Hea whanganga radiation i roto i te ora ia rā?

Hoki te mea e hiahia ana tenei taputapu ki te iwi e kore e nei whai tetahi pā ana ki te ngota rangimarie? Nuinga o ngā wā, ka whakamahia te ira dosimeter ki te ine i ngā taumata iraruke i roto i ngā rauemi kai whare ranei. tirohia hoki mo te ira e taea whenua i runga i nei hanga te ranei e whakaritea ki te hanga i te whare. Reira na tupu e mo te wa roa, te taata ki te whakahawea ki radiation, whakarite urupā karihi i roto i te wahi tino ohorere - i runga i te takere ranei i roto i te tahi mau taku mahue. maha kua arahina e te kino Chernobyl ki te titiro mo te radiation ki kanohi rerekē. Na hanga te aituā tata i te "Fukushima" he Geiger me dosimeters atu rongonui.

Tikanga, He iti te aroturuki i radiation mō te whakamahi kāinga. E rite rawa ana ratou ki ngā whakaaturanga, te wahi e taea te kite koe i te taumata o te radiation. Ka taea e Dosimeters hei paepae me opani. rongo te momo tuatahi o te pūrere, ka nui rawa te taumata tīkina o radiation, ahu nei i te kaiwhakanao. Ki te amui. He iti me māmā ki te whakamahi i ēnei dosimeters. Pūrere o te rua o nga momo tohu i te taumata ngā o radiation, e taea te whakaturia te taumata paepae ki runga ki a ratou ā. Ko atu watea hoki ngaio ina mohio te tangata rite te mea te taumata o te radiation i roto i tenei take, ko te mōrearea te pūrere taua.

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, te kite radiation i roto i ngā āhuatanga ora ko tino taea. Otiia e kore e te aroaro o te dosimeter i roto i te kāinga hanga koe i te ngaio. Na reira, i runga i te rapunga o ngā pangia nga wahi ranei ki te kia āwhina e tohunga tonu i.