Gumilyov Lev Nikolaevich: he haurongo poto

Ko te tama a e rua kaitito rongonui ko Lev Gumilyov. Biography, te ora whaiaro me te tukufakaholo o tenei kōrero o nui moni mo te whanui o te iwi whānui. Ko reira nui e rua rite te tangata, me te rite he tama a nga kaitito nui. Tenei e rua take matua ki te kia maheni ki a ratou piri.

Gumilev Lev - kōrero Russian, kaimātai momo, Doctor o Geographical me Historical Sciences. Ko ia te kaituhi o te parau haapiiraa o ngā iwi, me te tangata rite te kāwai biosocial. ako Leo te ethnogenesis, tona bioenergy tino, i karangatia e ia passionarity.

Origin me te tamarikitanga

Nuku 14 1912 i roto i Tsarskoye selo whanau ko Gumilev Lev Nikolaevich. haurongo Poto o tona faahiahia i te meka i ana matua te nui Russian pehe A. A. Ahmatova ko N. Gumilev. whawhati Gumilyovs te faaipoiporaa ake i roto i 1918, a ka noho te tamaiti ki tona whaea, ka tona kuia i roto i Bezhetsk. Kei te mohiotia te reira kua tonu e kua uaua tona hononga ki ngaua ake Andreevnoy. I roto i te whakaahua i raro nei - LEV Gumilyov i to ratou mau metua.

Mātauranga me te hopukia i roto i te whawhai

Leo, i roto i te tau 1934 ka tomo ia te Leningrad State University, Faculty o History. Heoi, i muri i te tau tuatahi ia i hopukina tuatahi. I maoro i tukua Lva Gumileva, engari kihai ia i te whakahaere ki te paetahi. Kua i runga i te 4 th te tau i roto i te tau 1938, ka hopukina ano ia mo whai wāhi i roto i te whakahaere kaiwhakatuma o te ākonga. i whiua Gumilyov ki te 10 tau i roto i te puni. I muri mai, i konatunatua tona aitua. tika mo Tolositoi ki mahi ngā-tau 5 i roto i te Norilsk. I muri i taua wa, i te 1943, i mahi ia i roto i Turukhansk me e tata ana Norilsk. Na ka haere a Gumilev ki te mua. whawhai ia tae noa ki te wikitoria o Carriers anti-rererangi. Ki Berlin haere mai Gumilyov Lev Nikolaevich. haurongo Poto o te kaiputaiao, rite koutou e taea te kite, e kore anake tohua e whakatutukitanga i roto i te mara o te hītori.

Tiaki o te tuhinga tuatahi

Tolositoi i te tau 1946 haere nga whakamātautau-waho i te University, a ka tonu tona mātauranga i te Institute o Oriental Studies, te wahi ako ia i roto i te kura puta. Ko rite tona tuhinga PhD, engari i roto i te 1947, he kaiputaiao, i peia i te paari no te mea o te whakatau o nga makasini "Leningrad" me "Star", tangohia e te Komiti Central o te CPSU (b). Tenei taumira whakataua auaha Anny Andreevny Ahmatovoy. Ahakoa nga mau fifi katoa, whakahaere tonu Tolositoi ki te paruru i tona tuhinga ki te tautoko o Leningrad pümätauranga.

hopu hou

I roto i te i mauheretia ano 1949 Gumilev ln haurongo Poto o tona, rite kite koe, he fonu ki hopukia. I tukua e ia anake i roto i te 1956, me i te wa ano tino rehabilitated. tahuri te reira i roto i e kore e nga mea timatanga o te hara i kitea i roto i nga mahi o MRI. Tapeke Tolositoi i hopukina 4 wā. I roto i te katoa, i ia ki te noho i roto i te puni o Stalin mō te 15 tau.

dissertations täkutatanga me tānga Gumilyov

E hoki ki Leningrad, ka Gumilyov he mahi rangitahi i roto i te Hermitage. I roto i te 1961, pai awhina ia tona tuhinga täkutatanga i runga i "Ancient Turkey senituli VI-VIII.". Na ka mau nga kairangahau he mahi i te Institute o Geography, kei i te manga matawhenua o Leningrad State University. Here mahi ia tae noa ki tūranga, i tangohia e wahi i roto i te 1986.

mau tākutatanga matawhenua Gumilev Lev i 1974. Heoi, i kore whakaaetia te Komihana Tiwhikete o tona tohu. Tuhinga mahi Gumilyov "Ethnogenesis me ao koiora o te whenua" i riria mai ki te whakaputa, engari i tohaina ai i roto i te samizdat.

Anake i roto i te 1959 ka anga ia ki te whakaputa kaha LEV Gumilyov. Haurongo a kahore he tana mahi i tupono he o nui te pānga i roto i te porowhita pūtaiao. Nona ia neke atu i te 220 ngā pepa, tae atu e rave rahi monograph. I roto i te-Stalin pou wā whakahē nga whakaaro o Lva Gumileva i tānga e pā ana, engari kua reira kua kore whakatoinga ki a ia. Anake i roto i te tīmatanga o te 1980. mutu te rere o ona mau papai i poto. a Lvu Gumilevu ki te kōrero i te mea ki te Komiti Central. tuhituhi e ia he pukapuka i runga i te aukati o ratou tānga. D. S. Lihachev me ētahi atu hītori o te wa tautoko ia.

ora whaiaro

Torutoru pukapuka ora mo tona ora Lev Gumilyov. Haurongo, whānau me te tamariki - hiahia katoa i roto i tona pā. I runga i te ora whaiaro o Leo Tolstoy, e kore matou e haere ki ngā taipitopito. Heoi, kia tuhia nga meka tino nui. I te tau 1967 ka moea e ia Gumilyov N. V. Simonovskoy, kaitoi (tau o te ora - 1920-2004). tutaki ia ia i roto i Pipiri 1966. noho tahi te tokorua mo te 24 tau, tae noa ki te mate o Leo Tolstoy. E ai ki te whakaaro o etahi atu, i tapatahi te marena. i oti rawa Wife Gumilyov tona ora katoa. mahue ia te porohita tawhito o hoa, me te mahi. Ko te kōwhiringa o te mana o Tolositoi me tona hiahia kahore ki te whai tamariki: ko reira 46 tau, me ia ia ia tona aroha - 55.

Ko te hononga ki te Slavophiles me Nationalists

Gumilyov ara faahiahia i roto i te rongonui puta i roto i te wā pou-Soviet. i whakaputaina ana pukapuka i roto i te putanga nui. whakaaro Tōrangapū o te kaiputaiao, i faaite ia i roto i te haapurororaa irirangi me te pouaka whakaata, i roto i ona oko i rua anti-Western me anti-Communist. hanga ia i te tohu o anti-liberalism tenei. tangohia tuhinga o Tolstoy e pā ana ki te "symbiosis Slavic-Turkic" i ake Russification i te tahuri o nga 90. E ēnei iwi i te huru kino ki te whakaaro o pūtaiao i runga i ioka o te Horde, kaua, i te ara, taetuí. tangohia te tautohe i runga i runga i nga Slavophiles rite te tika mo te Māoritanga hou o te kāwanatanga Russian. iwi Nationalists Turkic noho te USSR, tuku ano ki Tolositoi o. Hoki ratou, ko Gumilev Lev mana unquestioned.

"Ko te ariā o te ethnogenesis" me te pūtaiao

whakaaro Gumilev ia "te Eurasian whakamutunga". Otiia, i hanga e ia te "ariā o ethnogenesis" haamana'oraa o Eurasianism anake i roto i ngā whānui. Mai i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te pūtaiao, rite hītori, whakaaro kore e taea te whakaaro te kaipūtaiao te ariā. Heoi, ngā Gumilev Lev matua ki te intelligentsia hangarau Soviet, a kahore ki hoa hītori. E te wa te intelligentsia hangarau pakari tuipau e te aamu o te Soviet Union - ko te mea o te whakatö-, e kore pūtaiao, e te huraina reira. whakaohokia whakapae hītori o Tolositoi te ore te o pūtaiao rite kahore whakapumautia. Heoi, e kore e te "ariā o ethnogenesis" i roto i te kanohi o te pā i MRI ngaro. whakaaro Leo whakawa e pā ana ki te hītori i te tirohanga o te pūtaiao māori me ratou intelligentsia pūtaiao iti faaoti i te fakaetangatá.

Ko te tikanga matua o te ariā o MRI

LEV Gumilyov hanga tona ariā i runga i te whakapae e "rōpū iwi" - he ahua o kaiao koiora. E ratou te wā o te tamarikitanga, paari, me te koroheketanga. Gumilyov ngā he maha o ngā iwi rōpū tika iwi e kore anake, engari ano hoki tōrangapū, fakalotu, me te ara ngaio. whakapono ia e i whanau ki te mate, e te reira e pā ana ki 1200-1500 tau. E ai ki te ariā o te pūtaiao o te putanga o ngā iwi hou ko te hua o "hihiko ngākau", e whakaoho ana i radiation wāhi. He etahi e he "tautoko" ki tetahi ki tetahi, me i reira e faahapahapa. I tua atu ki te hauora, i reira he rōpū "chimeric" haavare iwi, rauropi pirinoa atu. whai hoki Healthy ngā hononga ki ngā tikanga taiao makariri, me te "whenua ngote u" a ka rerekē rite ki te āhuatanga.

hanga Gumilev tona ariā, e ngana ana ki te matau he aha, i roto i te Middle me tawhito i roto i te koraha nui kitea undulations me ngā tukanga iwi nohopuku. Ko e mo'oni, maha i ratou, i roto i tetahi ara ranei tetahi, e hono ana ki te huri ngā takiwā makariri. Na reira, ki etahi whānuitanga hono pūtaiao whenua, me te ethnos tika. Otiia, "te ariā o te ethnogenesis" ngaro pono o te hua pū Gumilyov tūranga o ngā āhuatanga māori. Ko te wā "passionarnost", puritia e LEV Nikolayevich, ka anga ki te ora i to ratou iho oraraa. whakamahia te pūtaiao reira ki tirohia ki te ngā mātāwaka taketake. Na, Heoi, e kore te mea tenei wā ki te mahi i ki a Gumilev "ariā o ethnogenesis."

Pipiri 15, 1992 i roto i St Petersburg, mate LEV Gumilyov. Haurongo, te utuafare, me te tuku iho o te kaipūtaiao kua whakaaro poto e tatou. Na e matau ana koutou, a ka meinga tama tino hira a rua kaitito nui Russian.