He aha te mea he membrane? Te hanganga me te mahi o kiriuhi

He aha te mea he membrane? whakamahia tēnei ariā i roto i ngā ao o te ora, me te pūtaiao. A, i roto i ia o ratou, te mea i te tikanga rerekē. Ko, tetahi ara ranei tetahi, e pā ana te whakamahi o tenei wā kua ki te tikanga o te kupu. Iritihia i te Latino "membrane" - he membrane.

Various tikanga o te ariā

I reira, whakamahia te ariā o te hangarau, me te engineering, ka korero e pā ana ki te kiriata angiangi he rihi whakaritea i runga i te ara iahiko rite hopuoro gauges pēhanga ranei ranei.

I roto i te koiora, tikanga o te membrane te rapa hanganga rāpoi reira i roto i nga pūtau me te whakarato tiaki i te taiao awe mahi o te taiao. Ka āta whakarite te reira i te tapatahi o ngā pūtau, me te whai wāhi i roto i ngā tukanga pūkoro tinana ki te ao waho.

membrane rerewai whakamuri

Ko tētahi o nga mahi tata ko te kōwae rerewai whakamuri, e whakamahia nei mō te purenga wai. Tenei hanganga Ko te ngongo he raro me te taupoki. Roto o tenei ngongo me te kei whakataka tika rerewai membrane, te aroaro o e whakarato ana i te wai ultrapure fakatau'atāina'i i te ngā contamination bacteriological me putunga koiora. hāngai ana tikanga horoi wai i runga i whakaiti i te wāhi mate, i roto i nei kia whakaemi huakita.

Kua whakamahia whānuitia ēnei kōwae i te rongoā, ranei ki te kia atu pau, whakarato ratou hoki tātari toto ki te taputapu wai ultrapure.

Membrane accumulators me tāke roha. ratou whakakapinga

Accumulators me tāke roha - he whakaaro e kua whakamahia ki te utu mō te pēhanga i te taikaha (rōrahi) i roto i te pūrere whakawera.

He aha te mea te membrane i roto i tenei take? Tenei huānga Ko te wāhanga matua o tenei momo o te pūrere. pānga te reira i te tōtika mahi, me te tika o te pūnaha katoa. Ko te āhua o te membrane taea rerekē. Ko reira te HWM, pōro me te pūangi. Ki te he tank rōrahi nui, ka kua whakaurua te hoki o te whakarewa mema tikanga, ai reira he he poka mo pauroa mai rangi. whiriwhiri Tei runga i te mara o te whakamahi o te pūrere te rauemi mo te hanga o te membrane. Hei tauira, i roto i nga waka tauā roha o te pūnaha whakawera te paearu matua ko te ātete waiariki me te taumata mauroa. I roto i te take o te wai matao, ka kōwhiri i te rauemi membrane e arahina ana e te paearu o elasticity hihiri.

Kia aroha mai, i reira he kahore rauemi e taea e kiia a ao. Na reira, ko reira te pai rawa matau ko tetahi o nga tikanga tino nui mō te mahi wā roa-o te pūrere, me tona mahi pai. I roto i te nuinga o te wā, i hanga te paraharaha te o rapa tūturu, he rapa butyl waihanga EPR ranei.

rite Whakakapinga e detaching te accumulator membrane oko roha ranei i te pūnaha. Tuatahi wehe i te tīwiri e mau te flange me te whare. I roto i te tahi mau wae, i reira te mea tonu te whakamaunga i roto i te rohe kōmata. I muri i tona whakakorenga o te membrane taea te ngāwari nekehia. Na roto i te raveraa i mahi whakamuri he tika ki te hoatu i te membrane hou.

kiriuhi polymeric

whakamahia te ariā o "membrane polymer" Kei roto i te maha o te wā. Tuatahi, kua whakamahia te reira, no te korero e pā ana ki tetahi o te hou tino me matatau i roto i ngā o te māmā o ngā rauemi tuanui. kiriuhi momo taua hangaia e tikanga tono Tangohanga whakarato i te ngaro o feāvaaki i te hanganga o te rauemi oti. Ka taea te pēnei te painga o te hua polymer ātete pūmau wai, uruhanga kohu, taimaha iti, mauroa, flammability iti, haumaru taiao.

Kei te maha te wā "membrane polymer" whakamahia, ina tae mai te reira ki te hunga whakahuatia kua runga ake i nga papa paraharaha, o te rerewai whakamuri, me te tahi atu momo o kiriuhi hanga i waerau organic. Tenei ha'iha'i me ultrafiltration hua, kiriuhi whakamahia i roto i te nanofiltration. Ko te painga o kiriuhi polymeric i roto i tenei horopaki ko te pou tarāwaho tiketike, me te mana nui o te hanganga me ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi. whakamahi te reira i rerekētanga iti o te tukanga ahumahi matū me te hangarau.

Ko te membrane pūtau. Pūtau - he wae o nga mea ora katoa

Kua roa i mohiotia te reira i meka e te wae hanganga taketake ko te pūtau o te rauropi ora. tohu te reira i te wahi rerekëtanga o te cytoplasm, karapotia nei e te membrane pūtau. I roto i te tukanga o te whanaketanga, kia rite ki te whakawhānui i tatou i te rohe o te taumahinga, riro te reira i te ngäwari me te tinihanga, rite nga tukanga tino nui i roto i te tinana e tango te wahi i roto i te pūtau.

membrane pūtau - he rohe pūtau e tohu he arai tūturu i waenganui i nga tirotiro ā-me tona taiao. Ko te āhuatanga āhuatanga matua o te membrane he semipermeable, e whakarato ana te whakamahinga pūtau o te houku me ngā matūkai me te tango i ngā hua whāwehe reira. Cell membrane - ko te wāhanga hanganga matua o te whakahaere pūtau tenei.

meka Historical e pā ana ki te kitenga me te ako o te membrane pūtau

I roto i te 1925, pai whakaturia Grendel me Gorder ake he whakamātau ki te tautuhi i te "atarangi" o ngā pūtau toto whero. Ko ratou te hunga i roto i te akoranga o ngā, te tuatahi ki te ite i te bilayer lipid. Riwhi o ratou mahi Danielle Dawson, Robertson, Nicholson i roto i nga tau rerekē mahi i runga i te hanganga o te tauira wai-mosaic o hanganga membrane. I te pae hopea i meatia ai Singsheru i 1972.

Ko te mahi matua o te membrane pūtau

• Wehenga o nga tirotiro ā-o te pūtau i te wae taiao o waho.
• Whakahaere i te tiaki o te tamau o te hanganga matū i roto i te pūtau.
• Ture o te toenga pūkoro.
• Ko te hononga i waenganui i te pūtau.
• mahi Pūoho.
• Ko te mahi tiaki.

takotoranga wē

He aha te mea te membrane, e kiia nei ko te takotoranga wē? Tenei waho taiepa pūtau, e na tona hanganga ko te matotoru kiriata o 5-7 nanomillimetrov ultramicroscopic. Kei roto te reira i pūhui pūmua, phospholipids, te wai. Te kiriata, te tino rapa, absorption makuku pai, me te hoki kua te kaha ki te whakahoki mai i tona tapatahi tere tere.

āhuatanga wē membrane e te hanganga te ao. Ko tōna tūranga rohe ai wāhi i roto i te tukanga o te uruhanga whiriwhiri i roto i te takenga o te otaota pūtau. Te pāhekoheko ki ngā āhuatanga tata, me te reliably tiaki te tirotiro i kino, te membrane waho ko tetahi o te wāhanga tino nui o te hanganga pūtau.

kahu angiangi, e te tahi mau taime hipokina te membrane pūtau o kaiao ora i huaina glycocalyx. Kei a ia ko pūmua me polysaccharides. He membrane i roto i te tipu ngā pūtau tiaki taiepa runga motuhake, e mahi hoki i te mahi tautoko, me te mau tonu te āhua. Reira te nuinga ngā o te muka - hukarau rewa.

Ko te kupu, e nehenehe tatou e faaoti e te mahi matua e waho membrane pūtau fakafoki mai, tiaki me te pāhekoheko ki ngā pūtau tata.

hanganga āhuatanga

He aha te mea he membrane? Tenei anga turanga, ai te whanui, ko te 6-10 nanomillimetrov. Ko te pūtake o tona hanganga ko te bilayer lipid me pūmua. E kitea warowaihā ano i roto i te membrane, engari pūkete ratou hoki he tika% 10 anake o te taimaha membrane. Ko e hiahiatia ratou ki kia kitea i roto i glycolipids glycoproteins ranei.

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te ōwehenga o pūmua me lipids, taea rerekē te reira nui. Te reira i katoa tei runga i te momo o te papanga. Hei tauira, i roto i te myelin kei pā ana ki 20% pūmua, me i roto i te pungaraungao - e pā ana ki 80%. Ko te hanganga o te membrane tika pānga tona kiato. Ko te teitei te ihirangi pūmua, te teitei te kiato o te anga.

Ko te momo o ngā mahi o lipids

Ia lipid i roto i te āhua ko te phospholipid, i hanga e te pāhekoheko o te nonireka me sphingosine. Huri noa i te tinana Inia whakaritea pūmua membrane lipid engari e kore e ratou i te apa tonu. E rumakina ana etahi o ratou i roto i te apa o lipids, ētahi atu i rite ki te rere i roto i te reira. A he tika ki te aroaro o ngā wāhi e he permeable ki te wai tenei.

Kitea Ko te meka e kore te hanganga o lipids i ngā kiriuhi e matapōkere, engari kua ano i kitea he whakamārama mārama mō tenei āhuatanga. I roto i tetahi ngā anga e taea i roto ake ki te kotahi rau ngā momo rerekē o ngā rāpoi ngota lipid. A feruri i te āhuatanga e kia pā i te faaotiraa o te hanganga lipid o te rāpoi ngota membrane.

• Tuatahi, me te ranunga lipid tika i te kaha ki te hanga i bilayers pūmau i roto i nei e taea pūmua mahi.
• Tuarua, lipids, kia āwhina i ū ai te membrane whakapā tino hauā i waenganui i kiriuhi pūmua here motuhake ranei.
• Tuatoru, lipids - bioregulators.
• A maha, etahi lipids he mātātoa te whai wāhi i roto i te tauhohe biosynthesis.

pūmua membrane pūtau

Pūmua mahi e rave rahi mahi. Ētahi tākaro te tūranga o whākōkī me -transportiruyut atu momo o matū i te taiao ki te pūtau me te hurihia.

E whakaritea Hanganga me te mahi o te membrane i roto i te ara taua e ô i te pūmua wāhi i roto i reira, te pupuri i te hononga tata. Otiia e kore e te pūmua piringa herea ki te membrane Kiki rawa. Ratou mahi ko ki mau tonu te hanganga o te anga, ki te riro me te tahuri tohu i te taiao, me te mahi kia rite ki kaiwhakakökï mō ngā tauhohe.

kanohi Composition o te membrane te kahu matua bimolecular. Ka āta whakarite te reira i te tonu o te āhuatanga arai, me te pūkaha o te pūtau. I roto i te tukanga o te ora takahi hanganga bilayer kia puta, e hua i roto i te hanganga o hē hanganga i roto i kōputaputa hydrophilic. I muri i tenei, ka taea e whakapōrearea i nga mahi katoa o te membrane pūtau.

āhuatanga o te anga

Āhuatanga o te membrane pūtau tika ki tona fluidity, e tika ana ki nei e kore e whai i te reira i te hanganga mārō. Lipids, tona mema, e taea te neke noa. Ka taea e tetahi mau te karawhiti o te membrane pūtau. Ko te take mo te rerekētanga o te pūmua, me te lipid papa o tito tenei.

whakamatauria te reira i te wehenga tawhiti o te membrane pūtau, e ko, tona taha waho he tiaki pai, me te ā-- kahore. Me mahara hoki käore te reira e te anga he matauranga whiriwhiri. kua peke ia ki roto, i roto i te tua ki te wai, anake etahi rōpū o ngā rāpoi ngota me ngā katote memeha matū.

Āhuatanga o te hanganga o te membrane pūtau i roto i ngā tipu me ngā kararehe

Ko te membrane me waho kiriuwhi e hono tata pūtau. E mea pinepine hipokina te mata anga te ka atu ngā protrusions taiepa microvilli. Ko te membrane wē o kaiao pūtau kararehe waho glycoprotein apa pani me mahi te mahi receptor kē. I roto i ngā pūtau tipu i waho o tenei anga ko tetahi matotoru, me te āta wehea ngā raro i te karu. Muka i te mea te reira ki te kia whai wāhi i roto i te hanganga o te tautoko i te kiko tipu o take, pērā i te rakau.

I roto i te kararehe i hoki pūtau hanganga waho kei waho o te membrane. mahi ratou tino paruru. Ka rite ki te tauira, chitin, i roto i roto i te kiko paninga pepeke.

I tua atu ki te pūtau, ki reira he he membrane intracellular roto ranei. tuwhaina e te reira i ki motuhake compartments pūtau katia huaina organelles. Ratou tonu Me tonu taiao tautuhi.

I runga i te i mua, ka taea e tatou e faaoti e te membrane pūtau ki ngā āhuatanga e whakamatau tona faufaa i roto i te mahi o te rauropi katoa, kua he hanganga matatini me te hanganga o nei whakawhirinaki i runga i maha ngā āhuatanga roto, o waho. Tūkino ki te kiriata e taea arahi ki te mate pūtau.

Ko te kupu, ko te hanganga me te mahi o te membrane tei runga i te ao o te pūtaiao me te ahumahi, i roto i nei tono i te ariā te. I roto i tetahi take, tenei huānga ko te anga arai ranei e he ngāwari me te whakaritea i nga taha.