He aha te mea Radon? He huānga o te rōpū 18 o te taka pūmotu o huānga matū D. I. Mendeleeva

I roto i te marama o te whanaketanga tere o te pūtaiao me te hangarau tohunga kua whakahuatia āwangawanga e pā ana ki te kore o te whakatö-iraruke akuaku i roto i te taupori. matapae Tohunga e i roto i te tekau tau i muri "kuware radiological" Ka taea e meinga he riri haumarutanga tūturu ki te hapori me te ao.

Ko te ōka Silent

I roto i te rau tau XVΙ tākuta Pākehā whakapororarutia tahuti tomuri nui o mate pūkahukahu i roto i oku kaimahi, te whakaputa rino, konganuku turanga me te hiriwa. raruraru Mysterious mohiotia rite "mate teitei", hit kaikeri e rima tekau nga wa neke atu i te tangata toharite i roto i te huarahi. Anake i te timatanga o te rau tau XX, i muri i te kitea o te Radon, kua mohio te reira rite te take o te whakaongaonga o te whanaketanga o kaikeri pūkahukahu mate pukupuku Germany me te Czech Republic.

He aha te mea Radon? Anake, ki te te mea he pānga kino i runga i te tinana tangata? Hei whakautu i ēnei pātai, kia haamana'o tatou i te aamu o te kitenga, me te ako o tenei huānga ngaro.

Emanation - te tikanga "paunga"

whakaaro Radon te he pionie o te ahupūngao English Ernest Rutherford. Te reira i roto i 1899 tau i kitea e hāngai nga formulations i thorium taimaha anake emit α-matūriki he hau te huitahi, e tika ana ki te nui haere ira taiao. whakaahuatia te kairangahau te emanation kiia o te rauemi thorium (i emanation (lat) -. paunga) ka whakaritea he ti'araa reta puku Em. āhuatanga emanation rite rite konutuki. I roto i te take tuatahi, tuku hoki reira he hau i huaina thoron, i roto i te tuarua - Radon.

I roto i te heke mai, i taea e ki te whakamatau e nga haurehu he radionuclides o te huānga hou tatou. Miramirahia te reira i roto i tona ahua parakore mo te wa tuatahi te whakahaere ki te kēmihi Kotimana, Nobel Laureate (1904) William Ramsay (ki Vitlou Kerei) i roto i te 1908. I muri rima tau i roto i te āhuatanga whakamutunga o te ingoa titi Radon me tohu RN.

He aha te mea Radon?

I roto i te taka pūmotu o ngā āhuatanga matū D. I. Mendeleeva Radon ko te rōpū 18. He he z tau ngota = 86.

He iraruke kanoirite katoa ngā o Radon (neke atu i te 35, ki te tau papatipu i 195 ki te 230), me te tohu i te ati ki te tangata. I roto i te natura, i reira he momo wha o ngota o te huānga. Ko wāhanga o te taiao actinouranium raupapa iraruke, thorium me te konukarihi katoa o ratou - konutuki. i ētahi kanoirite ratou ake ingoa, me te i runga i te whakarerenga iho hītori huaina, ko emanations:

• actinium - actinon ²¹⁹ RN;
• thorium - ²²⁰ thoron RN;
• konutuki - Radon ²²² RN.

āhuatanga whakamutunga e te pūmautanga rawa. Ko te hawhe-ora o Radon ²²² RN - 91,2 haora (3.82 ra). I roto i on āhua toe kanoirite whanganga te i roto i hēkona me hākonamano. I roto i te pirau ki te tukunga o te α-matūriki i hanga te kanoirite o polonium. E te ara, i roto i te ako o pūtaiao Radon tuatahi tūpono maha momo o ngā ngota o te taua huānga e karangatia e kanoirite me muri (i te Kariki hoki "rite", "taua").

ngā āhuatanga ōkiko me te matū

I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, Radon - hau he te huitahi me koreami, tona aroaro taea anake te whakaritea e te whakaaro motuhake. Kiato - 9.81 g / l. He (he mama atu i te 7.5 wā hau) te taumaha, te onge me utu te nuinga o nga hau ao katoa mohiotia.

Ko reira wairewa i roto i te wai (460 ml / l), engari ko te nui teitei i roto i ngā pūhui matū waro Radon memehatanga. He te pānga o te fluorescence meinga e ira tūturu teitei. Hoki kāwanatanga haurehu waihā me te wai (i te pāmahana i raro -62˚S) luminescence puru āhuatanga, tioata (i raro nei -71˚S) - kōwhai ranei karaka-whero.

kiripuaki Chemical o Radon tika ki tona no ki te rōpū o te mangere, ( "pai") hau. Kei te āhuatanga i ia e te tauhohenga matū ki te hāora, köwhai, me etahi o te tahi atu kōnakonako.

I te tahi atu te ringa, te huānga matua iu ko te puna o matūriki pūngao nui pākaha i runga i matū maha. Mārakerake ki Radon arata'i ki poke o te karaihe, me te porcelain, decomposes wai ki hāora, hauwai me te whakangaromia e pekerangi parawini ko Vaseline, a na i runga i. D.

whiwhi Radon

Hei tutakina te kanoirite Radon tīpoka i runga i taonga nui kei roto konutuki i roto i tetahi ahua ranei tetahi, te awa rangi. Ka te kukū o te hau i roto i te jet kia pāngia e maha āhuatanga tinana (makuku, te pāmahana), te hanganga, tioata o mea, hanganga, porosity, taurite, a taea rerekē i hautau iti ake ki te 100%. Tikanga e whakamahia rongoā konutuki pūhaumāota pūkeha ranei i roto i te waikawa pūmāota. E whakamahia nui iti pinepine matū maiengi Mārō, ahakoa tukua Radon te i te kaihoroi wa taua.

pure te ranunga hau hua e kohu wai, te hāora, me te hauwai, na roto i te haere i te reira i roto i te tukutuku parahi wera. Ko te toenga (1/25000 o te rōrahi taketake) i whātatahia rangi wai , me te e nekehia poke i te hauota condensate, haumāmā, me haurehu rangatira.

Hei mōhio: katoa i runga i te ao mo te tau hua torutoru tatini anake he henimita pūtoru o te Radon huānga matū.

Tohatoha i roto i te āhua

Ko te karihi o te konutuki, i te mea he hua wehenga o Radon i tahuri i hanga e te pirau o te konukarihi. Ko te kupu, ko te puna matua o te Radon - oneone me ngā kohuke kei roto konukarihi me thorium. Ko te kukū rawa o enei āhuatanga i roto i te kōngotu, parataiao, toka kāhuarau, shales mafic. Radon hau e tika ana ki to ratou tūpuku ngāwari rau nga kohuke karaihe wini whakakahokaho me feāvaaki me kapiti i roto i te kirinuku o te whenua kei te ngāwari atu ki tawhiti nui e tu i roto i ki te huru.

I tua atu, manawa whenua mizhplastovi horoi te wai taua momo ngāwari kukū Radon. wai Radon me ona āhuatanga motuhake e whakamahia ana e te tangata i te aroaro o te roa o te kitea o te huānga.

Hoa hoariri ranei?

Ahakoa nga mano o ngā tuhinga pūtaiao, me te rongonui tuhituhia e pā ana ki tenei hau iraruke, whakahoki ohie ki te pātai: "He aha te mea Radon me te mea ko tona faufaa no te taata?" Ko reira uaua. I mua i kairangahau hou e te iti rawa e rua raruraru. Ko te tuatahi Ko e i te mara o te radiation Radon i runga i mea ora ko reira e rua huānga kino, me te whai hua. Ko te tuarua - te kore o te pono tuhi me te aroturuki tikanga. I tēnei wā i ngā pūhohe Radon i te huru, ara te tino hou, me te tairongo, ina e taea hua hua e rere i rave rahi taime inenga tukurua.

Āta, Radon!

Ko te horopeta matua o te radiation (i runga i 70%) i roto i te ora o te tangata whiwhi i roto i te tukanga o radionuclides māori, tae atu no tūranga ārahi ki te Radon hau taekore. Ka rerekē i runga i te wāhi matawhenua o te hanganga noho, ona "tāuru" taea e i te 30 ki te 60%. tonu te nui tamau o kanoirite iu huānga mōrearea i roto i te huru te Päkehä ki tonu o ngā whenua. Radon kua te taonga kino ki te whakaemi i roto i ngā whare noho, me te tūmatanui, te wahi e taea tona kukū ake i te taha o tekau me rau o ngā wā. e kore hoki te ati hauora tangata ko na nui te hau iraruke rite kanoirite urupare o polonium Po ²¹⁴ ko Po ^218, hua i tona mimiti. E tū mau ratou i roto i te tinana, e kawekawe tuukino ā α-radiation i runga kiko.

I tua atu ki te whakaeke huangō o breathlessness me āhua fakalotofo'í, whanoke me migraines, he reira mahi wehe ki te whanaketanga o te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu. Ko te rōpū mōrearea ngā kaimahi i maina konukarihi me tipu ore-whakakakahuria, volcanologists, taupori radonoterapevty wāhi rawakore ki pārōnaki tiketike Radon i kirinuku o te whenua, me te wai kōhatu, kaukau Radon. Ki te tautuhi i pūkete taua wāhi mō te Radon mahere mōrearea te whakamahi i ngā tikanga arowhenua me radiation-mā.

Hei mōhio: kua whakapono reira e kua whakapataritari te rongo ki te Radon mate i te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu i 1916, i te kairangahau Kotimana William Ramsay tenei huānga.

tikanga Haumarutanga

I roto i te tekau tau whakamutunga, e whai ake nei i te tauira o noho tata Western hiahiatia hui antiradon anga ki horapa i te whenua o te Kihi mua. He nga tikanga (SanPiN 2.6.1., Te mahi tahi 2.6.1.) Ki te Ki whakaritenga mārama whakarite haumaru radiation o te taupori.

Ko te mehua matua o te tiaki hau oneone me puna tūturu o te radiation ngā:

• Whakanoho iho ki runga ki te oneone patunga rakau nukurau papa raima raro ki te turanga macadam me wuru pono.
• Whakarato basement whakarei ventilation me wāhi basement, ventilation o whare noho.
• Water e rerengia ana ki te kīhini me bathrooms, me i raro ki te tātari motuhake, me nga ruma ratou e rite rawa ki te pūrere whakapau takoha.

Radiomeditsina

He aha te mea Radon, kihai o tatou matua i mohio, engari whakaorangia kaieke hoiho tonu kororia o Genghis Khan ratou patunga puna wai Belokurikha (Altai), kukū ki tenei hau. Ko te meka e microdozes Radon he pānga pai i runga i whēkau faufaa tangata me te pūnaha io pokapū. Mārakerake ki te wai Radon hohoro ake ka pākia, tuku i te kopa pakaru ora tere, mahi noa ngakau me te tohanga toto, haapuai oko toto.

rohe maunga Resorts o te Caucasus (Essentuki, Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk), Austria (Gastein), Czech Republic (Jachymov, Karlovy Whakarerekē), Germany (Baden-Baden), Japan (misasa) kua roa koa te rongo pai-tika ana, me te rongonui. rongoā Modern anake pati Radon tuku maimoatanga i roto i te puka o te irrigation, inhalation, i raro i te te tirotiro tino o te mātanga e tika ana.

Ko te mahi o te tangata

e kore te Scope o hau Radon iti ki te kotahi anake rongoa. Kei te whakamahia whānuitia te kaha o kanoirite o te huānga o adsorption i roto i ngā rauemi mō te ine o te tohu o nonuniformity o papa whakarewa me te whakarakai. I roto i te hanga o te rino, me te Radon karaihe kaimahi ki te whakahaere i te rere o ngā tukanga. Ki reira, kawea e te tikanga o kopare me tiaki matū mō turuturu.

I roto i te Geophysics, te tātai me te maha ngā tikanga o te rapu me te kitea o te putunga kohuke me tokahuke iraruke i runga i te whakamahi o te rangahau Radon. E ai ki te kukū o kanoirite o Radon i roto i te oneone e taea te whakawakia i runga i te uruhanga me te mātotoru o te ngā toka. Radon aroturuki i te āhuatanga titiro te fafau mai i roto i ngā o te matapae ru heke mai.

Kei te tumanako te reira e fekuki tonu nga pānga kino o te Radon tangata, a ka kawea mai i te huānga iraruke taupori anake hua o te ao.