He aha te mea te hau io? āwhina Tuatahi mō te hau paihana

I roto i te kunenga mai o te tangata tonu i ki te whakamatau i tona tika ki te tīariari. ko ona hoariri uaua tikanga ora, kaikiko nui, me te e te kino mea te tahi atu mau taata maramarama. Hei te pato'ii te wera makariri, me te, ako iwi ki te hanga kāinga, me te hanga kakahu, a ki te hinga kaitukituki me hoariri mahara - ake kaha ki te whakamatea. Ka taea te whakaaro te ngana tuatahi ki te whakamahi i matū paitini organic ki kawa pere nōhia te. Otiia kihai i nui te taata; Kua kitea reira rite ki te patua tau maximal o hoariri, me te hau karere whakaaro.

He aha te mea te reira?

hau io - he rōpū o āpiha pakanga matū, kei roto i te pūhui organophosphorus (organophosphates me FOS FOV). Ko te taonga, ko te tino paitini. Pea whakaritea reira ki te whakamahi i te reira rite te patu o te whakangaromanga papatipu. Heoi, kua meinga e wheako i roto i te whakamahi o āpiha matū i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao kia rite ki te patu o te tautohe i roto i te hapori i te tupuhi. Ahakoa ko iti mōrearea atu i hau karere hou te whanaketanga o te wā. whakamahia Tiamana mo te wa tuatahi i rite te taonga chloro paitini. I roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao i kawea ai i roto i te mahi i runga i te hanga o te hau sarin. Kua whanaketanga Dangerous kua roa, engari e kore e katoa i a ia i pai.

Ētahi meka i te hītori o

Ko te tuhia mana tuatahi whakaeke matū ka mau wahi i roto i te tau 1915 (April). Ko ngana hītori i poisoning papatipu ki hau i mua. whakahuatia tenei i roto i nga meatanga o Haina tawhito me nga lekooti o nga Middle.

rite pūhui Organophosphorus i roto i 1846 e te French kēmihi Louis Jacques thenar. I roto i te 1934 kua, te kēmihi Tiamana Gerhard Shradar ngana ana ki te whakawhanake i tētahi ngarara nei whai hua tono āpiha organophosphorus ki te ārai i te pūnaha io o pepeke. I roto i 1936, i roto i te akoranga o ngā, ko reira hau io - te kau. I roto i te tau 1937, tupu he tohunga pūtaiao ki kia raro i te mana o te topata o tona taonga, ka kitea e he reira paitini ki te tangata. I muri i taua i takoha ki te pūrongo i runga i te whakatuwheratanga o te Tari o Defence.

I roto i te 1938, ki Schrader ki te rōpū o kaiāwhina synthesize te sarin io hau. Tona mahi pai ki te kahui i te 10 ngā wā. I roto i 1944, te Tiamana R. Kuhn synthesized ara hau atu paitini - Soman. A iti i muri mai, whakawhanakehia reira te pūhui tino mōrearea - cyclosarin.

Hoatu te whanaketanga matū, Nasí Germany, ranei kihai i maia, ranei kihai i whai wa. Ko ngā runga i herehere puni kukū puritia i ka whakaahuatia.

Sarin hau. Tautautefito te pānga i runga i te tinana tangata

whakaritea te pūnaha io te kia e wehea ona pūtau i tetahi i tetahi tawhiti microscopically iti. Ko ara tenei iti nui ki te aruaru ponana karere, e rave nei i roto i nga kaitakawaenga whakawhiti whiti tawhiti me jitters horahanga ki ngā pūtau pātata me muka. Ko te nui tino i roto i tenei tukanga e whakaaro ki te acetylcholine. wikitoria te reira i te tawhiti me te ai hukihuki o te pūtau uaua, a ka whakangaromia apetilholinesterazoy.

hāngai Mahi io hau te i runga i te takahi o te tukanga o te wāwāhi o acetylcholine. tonu ngā pūtau uaua ki te holomui, nga ngā pūtau io e fiefia, whakapairuaki, haehae, me te pāpāngia, e mau ana te mate.

He taekore me koreami hau io. Piro, engari i roto i te āhua tūturu o te whakawhāititanga ko te wai. Sarin rite Soman, me tabun, taimaha atu te wai, ko reira tino wairewa i roto i lipids me whakarewa organic, kohua i 150 ° C (te whakatupuranga i muri o hau - i 300 ° C). Tenei rōpū katoa o ngā matū paitini e tino paitini, tamau, uaua ki te tautuhi me te uaua i roto i te tāutu i te momo tangohia.

Poihau ki hau io

cartridges Gas - tikanga e wātea ana o whaiaro korero-. Heoi, hau karere i roto i kēne kore e hokona te mea te reira mōrearea rawa. Ahakoa i roto i te pota iti rawa, e taea ai te kino ki runga ki ngā wāhi nui. canisters Gas ki tonu i te kōpani nanamu pepa tumu ranei. e kore e ēnei matū patua, ka meinga mura, haehae, maremare me raruraru kanohi. He rangitahi katoa o enei tohu.

Ahakoa te meka e te hau io - he riri tika ki te tangata, tonu ratou ki te ako, synthesize me te tono hetia. Na, i roto i te 1988 patua Saddam Huseyn te pa Halabadzha iho poma ki sarin me tabun. patua te reira i neke atu i te 15 mano. tangata civilians.

I 1995, ko Tokyo he whakaeke kaiwhakatuma te whakamahi i sarin. kihai i Gas i puka aerosol, ringihia ana e ia i roto i te waka arā raro. Na ka 13 iwi i patua, engari i reira i pā ana ki 10 mano. Tuhinga o paihana nui.

āwhina

E tuku hau karere ki patu rite matū o te whakangaromanga papatipu. tangata pāngia i roto i tenei take e hiahiatia ana āwhina hauora akiaki. He aha e hiahia ana koe ki te mohio ki te āwhina i te tangata whakawhiua ki te matū paitini i roto i roto i te ranunga hau o karere?

Ko te tikanga o te āwhina tuatahi:

• E tūkino i kore atu te pūnaha romahā, Me te pārurenga ki te kakahu i te kanohi hau.
• Ko te whakataki o te raau, e relieves te patunga. Me tenei whawhe ki te kia meatia rite hohoro rite taea. Werohanga ngongo whakamahi i te pūwero ki tonu ki te tarukino motuhake. E tomo intramuscularly tarukino. kia te pūwero kia tuhia i runga i te kakahu o te pārurenga ki ētahi atu iwi, whakarato āwhina, ki te mohio e kua tomo kē tenei tangata te raau.
• Ko te wai, ko te he mōkihi anti-hau motuhake. kia whakamahia te reira i rite te sanitizing whai wāhi ngā wāhanga o te kiri.
• Ka rite ki kia hanga he mea o ru te hōneatanga pārurenga o te wāhi kua pā. I te wa ano, kia aroturuki reira te mana o te patunga me te i roto i te hui o te ino anō-tomo te raau ki te ārai i te takanga o hukihuki.
• A, no te riro hoki te hau aerosol rehu kakahu poke. Na ka tangohia e te tangata i roto o te wāhi pāngia, ki te hiahia akiaki whakakapi reira. Couples mea e toe i runga i te kakahu, ka taea e pā te kiri, me te pūnaha romahā.
• kia rapua e respiration Artificial te pāngia ki te i whakamahia ai ki hau pērā i haukino sarin ranei.