He aha te mea te kawa Ipurangi: te ariā taketake

I teie mahana, tata kaiwhakamahi katoa mō te whai wāhi ao ki te Tukutuku Ao Whānui ranei te hanga i te auau hononga LAN te whakamahi i te kawa Ipurangi pera-ka karanga. I roto i ia take, te āhuatanga ki to ratou whakamahi me te whirihoranga kia rerekē rawa tino. Kia tamata a ki te tautuhi i te ariā taketake.

He aha te mea te Kawa Ipurangi: te ariā me te hītori o te hanga

Kei te whakapono te reira e te kotahi whakapumautia te tupuna o te Ipurangi katoa i roto i te whatunga APRANET United States i tetahi wa ki te whakarongo noa te hōia. Ngā Ko tōna ngako i roto i te whakamahi o te pākete whakawhiti raraunga, i.e. i etahi wahi e taea te whakaatu ai, ka takaro hoki i runga i tetahi atu kāpeka.

I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu i te kawa Ipurangi me i te wa, a inaianei, whai wāhi etahi huinga o ngā ture whakahaere raraunga i waenga i rorohiko terminals, tūmau, ngā pūrere pūkoro, me ētahi atu Ko reira i roto i te taua tautuhinga kotahi, a meinga ana e ia taea ki te hono ngā pūrere huri noa te ao ki te tahi i te tahi atu i roto i ngā hōtaka motuhake ranei uru tukutahi ki te rauemi taua.

He aha e nga kawa o te Internet?

Hei tauira, he whakamārama o te mea te Kawa Ipurangi, whakaaro te pūnaha rorohiko tino noa rere Windows (Mac OS X me ētahi atu pūnaha UNIX-rite pērā i Linux, kahore e haere tatou ki te pā).

Ki te rā, i reira e rave rahi taketake momo ko te TCP / IP, UDP, FTP, ICMP, DNS, HTTP , me ētahi atu Ka taea e koe te haere tonu hoki te wa roa. He aha e rerekē katoa ratou?

takoto te rerekētanga anake i roto i te taumata ūnga. Hei tauira, i reira he taumata tinana (te hanga hononga whakamahi rua miro muka ranei), ARP-ora, tae atu ki ngā atekōkiri pūrere, apa whatunga (IP paerewa, me te kawa ICMP), te apa waka (TCP ko UDP), me te tono ano hoki, e ngā pērā i te kawa HTTP, FTP, DNS, NFS, me ētahi atu

Here, i te ara, kia tuhia te reira e tino tikanga katoa (ara te hunga e riro nei ki raro ki te whakamātautau Ipurangi) te papa'iraa e te pūnaha ISO / OSI, kia e ka e whakamahia ratou i runga i ngä tüäpapa rerekē kore he kore noa i roto i te take o te rerekē pūnaha whakahaere, me te maha-kaihoko, whakamahia ki te whakatū i te hononga. Ehara i te mea uaua ki te matau e i te kau tino kore e mea faufaa te mea Pūnaha Mahi tāuta te i runga i te rorohiko ranei pona ranei tetahi wae whatunga rite pouara, kāri whatunga, pouwhanga, me ētahi atu tikanga ki te whakatū i te hononga.

Internet Kawa IP (TCP / IP)

I teie mahana, te noa tino ko tuku te kawa ki rite TCP / IP. I roto i te meka, ngā o te whirihoranga taketake (IP) me te superstructure (TCP), e kore te mea nei i te tuatahi e kore e taea e mahi i te mea e kore e roto i te reira i tetahi pākete raraunga tonoa tenei pūnaha.

E tonoa Sami TCP-pacts rite te tono anake i runga i te pūtake o IP. Na reira, ka mea e tika ana ki te tāpiri ki te taketake tawhā kawa e toru e e whakarato rokiroki mo te turanga whakawhiti mōkī mōhiohio kāwanatanga ratou. He mea tika ki te kawe wāhanga Checksum whakaritea ki ia paita o te tau raupapa raraunga ki te whakatau i te kaupapa matua, me te rārangi tuku, ka riro, i te pūtāutu o pera-ka karanga fakamau aunoa nga raraunga tuku me te whiwhi, me te kore anō-unga i te tono, ki te he ranei tetahi, raraunga tonoa, e kore ranei i whāngai ratou.

Tenei te mea e tika ana ki te utu hoki whakarongo ki te meka e te kohinga o taua kawa he kawa IP-e hāngai ana anake. Otiia tuatahi, i roto i te wāhanga tatūnga hononga, ka he aratau tuku, me i roto i te mutunga, ki te whakatū i te mea kiano i matao hononga i muri i oti tuku raraunga, me te fariiraa te.

whirihora me te whakamatautau tikanga

e kore te Kawa Ipurangi Whirihorahia i te pūnaha Windows mahi. Me koe ki te whakamahi i anake te tautuhinga whatunga (ranei AC whāurutau), i reira tīpakohia te rārangi hāngai o te tahua te. I mua, ko reira ohie, mai Windows 7 me i, i roto i nga tautuhinga, i reira e rua ngā kāwai: IPv4 ko IPv6 (kore tatau i te tahi atu huinga o huanga taunoa).

hanga te tautuhinga taunoa te āta hoki IPv4 (rite i reira i mua). Ko ko tonu te kawa IPv6 Ipurangi hou, me te noho tonu nga Ropu.

Mau, e taea te kawea te haki i roto i tae noa i roto i te uru ki te tūnga whatunga te whakamahi i te paepae pūnaha. Ata i roto i te rōpū whakamōhio tonu te kaiwhakamahi e pā ana ki te wātea o te hononga ki te LAN me te Internet. Kahore he mea uaua.

He aha ki te hiahia?

I roto i te mea o te whakamahi hiahia o te kawa kia hanga i runga i taua mo etahi take e te tikanga reira. Hei tauira, kei te hiahiatia ngā tikanga FTP momo, kaua, ki te tiki mōhiohio mō te pae motuhake ranei tikiake kōnae i ngā rauemi e tautoko i te pūnaha tuku raraunga. Taki te Internet i roto i tenei take, e taea te whakamana i te whakamahi i nga hōtaka e whakahaere tono (utanga me unloading), ka tono tangata ki te whakaritea FTP-tūmau.

e kore te whakamahia tonu UDP momo kawa. Tino maha, kei te whakamahia ēnei tautuhinga i roto i te mīhini pūkoro. Ko, he mārama rite, he inaianei e kore e pāngia taua pūnaha tatou, no te mea ko reira noa e pā ana ki terminals rorohiko pahoho me OSes Windows, tāuta ki runga ki a ratou.

Heoi, ko te pātai o ngā tautuhinga kawa, ara pūnaha whakahaere rerekē tino ōrite ki tetahi ki tetahi. Ahanoa wāhanga motuhake anake, a ka anake i tona ingoa, engari ko te tāutanga, me te whakamahi atu o te parau tumu o te hononga hou whakapumautia i runga i te pūtake o etahi ahua o te kawa ko tata te taua.

Ano, Windows, tuatahi whakaturia atu ki te whakamahi i ara TCP / IP rite te kawa ao. Mea katoa atu te rānei whakaritea aunoa ranei kihai whakaritea i te katoa. A e kore i tatou ano whakaaro te Wap-kawa, e hāngai ana paerewa kōrero pūkoro, iti anake e rorohiko.