He aha te mea te mahi o lysosomes i te pūtau

I roto i tenei tuhinga, whakaaro matou whakaaro ki a koutou i te mahi lysosome i roto i te pūtau. I tua atu, tahuri tatou i to tatou whakarongo ki te whakaaro o tenei organelle me tona hanganga.

Ka rite ki meinga, kua mārama, lysosome - ko te wāhi o nga pūtau. Na katoa e kite tatou, he aha matou te pa ki, me matou tatou - ko te hanganga, arā, o maha matūriki iti. Ko te pūtau te poraka hanga timatanga o rauropi katoa e noho ana i runga i te whenua ao. Roaa te reira i te maha o te mau huru maitatai e tukua ki te tu i te reira i runga i ona ake:

• ake pākia;
• kaha ki te whakaputa uri;
• tini (whaiaro whakahoutanga-);
• whanaketanga.

Na inaianei e haere matou ki te tuku i anaanatae tatou organelles, whakaaro tona hanganga, me te whakanui i te mahi lysosome i roto i te pūtau.

lysosome

Na ake tātari tatou i roto i te taipitopito tenei organelle me whakarato koe ki te whakarōpū. I mua i whakarārangi tatou, ka whakaaro te mahi o lysosomes i te pūtau, he mea e tika ana ki te whakahua i te hītori poto o te kitea. Kua kitea ēnei pire iti mo te pūtaiao wā tuatahi de Duve i roto i ngā pūtau ate. ka mau tenei hui wahi i roto i te 50-doma o rau XX.

Lysosome - he kōhao ki tonu ki te momo o whākōkī hydrolytic (e taea te tatau ratou neke atu i te 80 ngā momo). Kei te karapotia te reira e te membrane, a he mea nui ki te whakamārama i he reira kotahi. e kore he ōrite Patoa organelles raraunga, i roto i nuinga o te wā hanga a tawhio noa, e kore te diameter rawa 0.8 micron.

Lysosomal membrane kua he matotoru kākahu, uruhanga, kei te huri i te reira i raro i te mana o etahi tikanga. Na, labilizatorami (arā, faarahi te uruhanga) he:

• thyroxine;
• progesterone;
• huaora A;
• hihi katinga;
• X-hihi;
• hāora me ētahi atu.

A ani i te pānga ritenga:

• prednisolone;
• cortisone, me te m. p.

I roto i te ngā pūtau kore ko te maha ano o lysosomes, te nuinga o ratou taka ki runga ki nga pūtau he te mahi o te phagocytosis. Tauira taea te mahi rite macrophages ma pūtau toto ranei. ngā ano ko te hunga e te hunga pakari o absorption, secretion me excretion. Ko ratou:

• pūtau epithelial;
• whekau;
• whatukuhu;
• prostate me te t. d.

Na poto i runga i te whakarōpū o te lysosome. A faaite i to ratou momo e rua: tuatahi, me te tuarua. E ingoa rokiroki Paraimere. I roto i te tuarua taea te tāutuhia:

• phagolysosome;
• tsitolizosomy;
• pūtau wäriu.

mahi

Na whakahere tatou i te torutoru mahi tīpako o lysosomes i te pūtau. Na, i konei ko te whai ake:

• nakunaku pūtau;
• autophagy;
• autolysis;
• whakakorenga o nga hanganga waho.

A inaianei ka whakamārama poto tatou i te tikanga o enei ngā. Mō nakunaku autophagy pūtau me ka taea e koe te pānui i atu i roto i te taipitopito muri. Na - e pā ana ki te mea mahi whakamana te ka te mate lysosome pūtau.

huaina ana tēnei tukanga ko autolysis. Ka taea te pakaru Lysosome membrane, hua i roto i te tuku o whākōkī reira i roto i reira. Ka rite ki te tikanga, kore ratou ki te whakatutuki i tona mahi tuatahi rite te de-whakahohe i roto i te cytoplasm pūtau.

Tūkinotanga o te pūtau kotahi - e kore e mea faufaa te reira, engari te mea e tupu ki te whati i te lysosomes katoa tona hanganga? Na ka tae mai te mate o te pūtau. He tauira a Tūrongo, ko te mate autolysis hiawero poraka tadpole.

nakunaku

whakahuatia matou mua e lysosomes i te pūtau te mahi te mahi kūnatu. Te ani nei matou e koe ki te whakaaro i roto i te taipitopito atu tenei tukanga. Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, kua wehea nga lysosomes ki e rua ngā rōpū, i roto i tenei take ki āwangawanga tuarua, me te miru kūnatu. Ko reira te mahi o te nakunaku i roto i te pūtau. Kei te hanga e te reira na roto i te fusing lysosomes tuatahi me phagosomes.

miru kūnatu he rahi nui, pa ake ki 1.2 microns. Oku i ai e he maha rawa nui o inclusions. Here me reira tukatuka rauemi, mau i roto i te whare herehere. a ko reira maha kia e digested ratou e paparetanga ki iti matūriki taimaha rāpoi. Ka taea e ngāwari te whakamutunga tika na waenganui i te membrane o lysosomes. Next, Me ratou ki te hanga i organelles pūtau hou.

autophagy

A he aha te mahi kawea i roto i roto i lysosomes pūtau? Kua mea kē matou e roto ia ratou i reira he ngaahi ngāue pērā i autophagy. āhuatanga tēnei tukanga te wāhanga Tuhinga i roto i te whakangaromanga pūtau me lysosomes. Tapeke wehewehe 3 momo o autophagy:

• moroiti;
• tonotono;
• shaperonovuyu.

I roto i te lysosome take tuatahi hopu otaota me te horokai, ratou mo te pūngao hanga ranei rauemi. kia puta tenei tukanga i roto i te haapaeraa maa. I roto i macroautophagy puta autophagosomes pūhui me lysosomes e arata'i ki te autofagolizosomy hanganga. Ko te toenga whakamutunga o futofagosom digested. Ka taea te kitea te toru te momo anake i roto i te kararehe i roto i nga wa o te ahotea. Ki tenei momo o te autophagy puta waka whakaritea o pūmua i roto i lysosomes.