Kei hea awa Don? Na te mangai o te whakaahuatanga awa Don

Awa Don (Russia) - tetahi o te nui i roto i te wahi Pākehā o te whenua. Ko tōna rohe -. 422 mano sq M. km. E ai ki tenei tohu i roto i Europe, ki Don Tanupi, Dnieper me Täingäwai tuarua anake. Ko te awa ko te pā ana ki 1870 km.

kōrero

huaina te awa Don i te mua i Tanais. Nga Kariki onamata whakaaro te kōrero, kia rite ki nei i roto i tenei awa ki te mea o te aroha, whaiāipo toremi tamaiti i taua ingoa. Origin o te ingoa "Don" kairangahau e pā ana ki te kupu Haitiana-Sarmatian "danu", oia hoi "te wai awa".

pinepine i huaina Ancient kaituhi Kariki te Tanais awa Don, te Donets. Ko te whakamutunga, ko te ka piri ki te ao ritenga, pera, hei tauira, whakapono Ptolemy te Don (Girgis) tomonga Seveskogo Donets (Tanais). I te mangai o te awa o te taua ingoa i hanga e te koroni o Tanais Kariki.

kōrero Interesting mahue Ritter i te pukapuka «Vorhalle». Huri i te reira i roto i taua kihai i te tīariari i te moana o Azov i nga wa onamata, a ka wana te awa Don ki te Moana Black tata te Kerch Strait. E ai ki te kairangahau Konrad Peutinger, i te puna o te Don reira ko te tuhituhinga i ta e ko te reira "awa Tanais, e wehe Europe i Ahia."

Ko te Normans i roto i o ratou kāhui ko Don Vanakvislem. Tatau huihuia Potocki i runga i te awa i te rota o pūrākau me ngā pūrākau. Dmitriy Ivanovich Donskoy i 1380 patua te ope Tatar-Mongol i runga i te Kulikovo mara, i te wāhi tutuki te wahi o te awa te Nepryadva Don, hoki i riro ia tona ingoa ponguru.

Kei te mohiotia te reira e mai tukuiho wā i roto i te mangai o te Don i kei te pa o Tana. I hanga te reira e te Pākehā i Kariki, a ko kaimahi ki te rangatiratanga o te Bosporus. no tenei tōnuitanga pa hokohoko ki te Genoese, nga Venetian. Anake i roto i te 1475, i hinga Tan e nga Turkey, ka whakaingoatia anō Azov (Asofe). I muri i taua, kawea take arumoni me te karere katoa o te āhua Russian ki Constantinople me te Crimea i roto i te nuinga i runga i te awa o Don.

Don - te pouraka o te kaipuke Russian: hōia, puta i roto i nga tautooraa o Pita te nui i roto i 1696, me te hokohoko, i puta i raro i Catherine II i 1772.

pūtake

Awa Don i roto i te rohe Tula Taketake. Ko tōna pūtake - he awa iti Urvanka e rerengia ana i roto i Novomoskovsk park pa. I te pae o te tīmatanga o te awa whakaturia he tohu tohu i huaina "Ko te pūtake o te Don." Pond i roto i tenei matatini hoahoanga he takenga tāwhaiwhai, kua powered reira i te supply wai rohe.

I mua, ko te puna o te awa whakaaro Ivan roto, engari ko te reira ki te kore te nuinga o Don korerotia. Kei te te tahi mau taime i huaina te timatanga o te awa Shatskikh awa, kei nei i te raki o Novomoskovsk, Tula Region, engari kua wehea ai i te tereina whaea Don.

Ko te āhua o te awa me te raorao

kua he angamaheni awaawa, me te āhua o te awa awa mania Don. taui te awa aronga wha nga wa, apaoterau e rave rahi mau fifi arowhenua. Ko tōna kōtaha he hongere wä roa me te ngoikore heke ki te mangai o te pinakitanga, te uara o te mea 0.1 nekehanga. Ko te aronga whānui o te rere o te Don - i te raki ki te tonga. Tata ki te katoa te ara ki raro i te awa karapotia e te raorao whakawhanakehia te mea he whakamanamana whanui me te momo nui o ringa. Awa Don tae te whanui o 12-15 km. I roto i te takiwā o te pa o te raorao awa Kalach-i runga i-Don tupuke kōpeke o te Täingäwai me Central Russian Upland. I roto i tenei rohe iti o te ngawhatanga o Horoano awa he ngaro.

He he hanganga hangarite Valley awa. Ko te taha matau o te Don rawa tiketike, i roto i te tahi mau wahi ki runga ki te 230 mita, te maui - he iti-teka, me te flat. He marino me puhoi nga awa. ka karanga "Whakarongoa Don" No miharo te awa. Cossacks Local faatura i huaina te awa "Don-papa." Kairangahau whakapono nga hydrographs-tetahi o te matamua i roto i te wahi Pākehā o Russia awa.

Ko te mangai o te awa Don

wana Don ki te Moana o Azov - Taganrog Bay. Kamata i te pa o Rostov-i runga i-Don, te awa He waihanga he raorao, uhi he wāhi o 540 tapawha mita. km. I tenei wāhi, te moenga awa e wehea ki te plurality o aerodynamics me ngongo. Ko te nui rawa o ratou - Egurcha, Perevoloka, Kuterma nui, He nui Calancea, Old Don, Dead Donets.

tikanga

A, no te he rauwiringa nui Don kua he ihirangi āhua iti te wai. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i kei te takotoranga wai awa kei te katoa i roto i nga rohe steppe me steppe ngahere tenei. Don kawe ia nui i raro i taua o awa Northern Region (Pechora, Northern Dvina) Ko e pā ana ki 900 m ³ / s.

he angamaheni hoki awa e rerengia ana ki nga rohe steppe me huarere ngahere hoki aratau Water Don. River Power pai io te hukarere (70%), me te paru, me te ua. Don He tai puna tiketike, mea te toenga o te tau, he tino iti tona taumata. Mai te puna katinga ki ara me te rere waipuke muri me nga wairere taumata wai.

Ko te rahi o te rerekē te taumata wai i roto i Don puta noa nui, me te moni ki te 8-13 mita. kaha horahia te awa i roto i te ngawhatanga o Horoano, rawa i roto i te wahapū. Ko te tikanga Don rua ngaru o waipuke. puta ana te tuatahi i roto i mea rewa tango, wai te hukarere i te raro o te awa (Cossack wai matao ranei), he tika ki te whiwhinga i runga i te Don (te wai mahana) i te tuarua. Ki te roa te snowmelt te, hanumi nga ngaru e rua, a ka he atu kaha, engari iti roa te waipuke.

awa Don hipoki e te tio i te mutunga o te ngahuru ranei te timatanga o te hotoke. I roto i te mutunga o Maehe whakatuwheratia te awa kei te i te raro, ka pakaru te huka i runga i te roa katoa, a i roto i te pito o runga.

wehenga awa Hydrographic

Whakatinana opisnie Don awa - e kore te mahi ngāwari, no te mea o te uara kī reira tuatoru i roto i nga awa katoa i roto i te wahi Pākehā o Russia. Ka taea te wehea Hydrographic Don e toru nga wahi: runga, waenganui, me te raro.

Mai i tona pūtake ki tona kongutu ki te awa Pine Kati rere te rohe Voronezh te Upper Don. Tenei kua ia he raorao kuiti, me te mea awhiowhio te, ki puroto, takere.

whenua Middle Don - i te mangai o Pines Quiet ki Kalach-i runga i-Don. I tenei wāhi, kei te nui whakawhänui i te raorao awa. oti Sredniy Don awa hanga tata te kainga o Tsimlyanskaya.

rere raro Don i te pa o Kalach-i runga i-Don ki te mangai. Hoki Tsimlyansk awa awa he whānui (12 ki te 15 km) me te whakamanamana raorao nui. hohonu mau horo'araa e i roto i te tahi mau wahi ki runga ki te tekau ma rima mita.

Ko te takoha nui o te awa e Voronezh, Ilovlya, Bear, Hopper, Bityug, Manych, Sal, Seversky Donets.

te whakamahi o

I te tawhiti o 1590 kiromita i tona mangai ki te pa o te awa Voronezh Don he whakatere. Kei te tū te tauranga nui i roto i te pa o Azov, Rostov-na-Donu, Volgodonsk, Kalach-i runga i-Don, Liski.

I roto i te takiwā o te pa o Kalach Don huarahi te Täingäwai - kua tū e pā ana ki 80 kiromita atu. hono rua awa nui Russian te kaipuke awa Täingäwai-Don, te hanga o ai i hanga taea i muri i te hanganga o te Tsimlyansk Reservoir.

I roto i te rohe kainga whakaturia Tsimlyanskaya te katua me te tihi o te 12.8 km i roto i te roa. Hydro whakaara ake te taumata o te awa, ko te 27 mita me te hanga i te awa ki Tsimlyansk, totoro i te kainga o Golubinskaya ki te pa o Volgodonsk. Ko te kaha o te awa ki - 21.5 km ^3, rohe - 2600 km ^2. A, no te mahi te hurihiko whaea. Wai i te awa ki Tsimlyansk hāwai Salsk steppe me steppe wāhi ētahi atu rohe Volgograd me Rostov.

Kei raro Tsimlyanskaya HPP, āhua 130 km, te hohonu o te awa tautoko Don roto kuwaha ko paapuni: Kochetov, Constantine me Nicholas. Ko te matamua me rongonui tino o ratou - te Kochetov. Kei te Kei te reira 7.5 km i raro i te wahi i reira e tango te Don Päkehä Donetz. hanga pūnaha wai hoki i roto i nga tau 1914-1919, ka whakahou i te 2004-2008.

Ko te hohonu e hiahiatia ana mo te kaipuke i Don raro hurihiko Kochetov tautokona e te dredging pūnahanaha i te raro o te awa (dredging).

Ko te kararehe i roto i te peihana awa

he taonga i roto i te ika awa Don. I roto i te momo iti kitea ko Kupu, tench, Roach, perch. I tua atu, i roto i te awa e kitea momo nui, me te reo-rahi o te ika: pike, catfish, perch, Bream. Heoi, e tika ana ki te tūkinotanga o te awa me te kawenga kaha ika hākinakina kei te whakaiti tonu Don.

I runga i nga pareparenga o te awa, i roto i te kakaho i, nohoia poraka wai, toads ahi-ngārara, newts me heru noa. Tangata o te wahi i reira te awa Don, he wai, me te mau nakahi, honu wai me te poroka matomato. Tata ora e kore anake haere te awa, engari ano hoki i roto i Marehekepa, e tupu i roto i tona peihana.

mara kaha parau a tawhio noa Don kua arahina ki te meka i roto i tenei rohe ngaro momo o kararehe pērā i marmots, saiga, steppe anaterope, hoiho mohoao. Hoki i nga 60-70s o te rau tau whakamutunga i roto i nga takoha o te awa i taea te kite marmots, hata, poaka mohoao me muskrat. Na, i roto i te peihana Don ora kiore: kiore, kopera, jerboa nui, piwa awa. E kitea rite konihi iti: ngahere me polecats steppe, wihara, mink me otters awa. Ko te peihana pekapeka ora.

Neke atu i te te 100-150 tau mua,, i kaha heke te maha o manu hanga kohanga tata te awa. Ko nga wāna, kuihi, ekara, ekara koura, Peregrine whatura, honi ahipare, ahipare, ma-tailed ekara riro. Recreation i runga i te awa o Don e ngā pā ana ki te pārera hopu. I roto i nga manu te roa-ora taua - sandpipers me te pārera, tangihanga, riroriro nui kakaho. Iti noa taaka, matuku me te demoiselle. I roto i te wa e taea kite koe i te rere o te manu Goose, Greylag Goose me ētahi atu.

Flora

Kei te mohiotia te reira mahi e kua Pita ki tahataha ngahere o te Don mo te hanganga o kaipuke whakamahia i roto i te whawhai Russian-Turkish. E te rau tau rua tekau, i te nuinga o haerenga i roto i te peihana kua parautia. e tiakina te momo o rakau i roto i te rohe o repo whakamanamana: alder Buckthorn, alder tāpiapia, birch ma, wirou. Te taha te awa tupu cinquefoil marsh, Lysimachia Thyrsiflora, wiwi, marsh horsetail, kakaho.