Ko te hanganga hou o te ōhanga ao me ona āhuatanga matua

I roto i te tikanga ki te mahino tika te mauri o te ōhanga ao, he mea e tika ana ki te mohio ki ta te hanganga o te ōhanga ao. tohu te reira i te tikanga hihiri matatini arā, o te tahi mau huānga tonotono.

hanganga ōhanga ao ngā peka, me te ripeka-wae rōpū, hinonga, me rohe complexes. hanga ratou he rahi nui o te hanga me te kohi o GDP. Mai i te hononga i waenganui i enei wāhanga, me te ko te hanganga ōhanga o te ōhanga ao. E kore te mea taea te whanaketanga pūmau o te ōhanga ao i waho te whanaketanga paetahi o te hanganga ōhanga.

Ko te hanganga katoa o te ōhanga ao, me te ona momo motu - te ariā o te nui me te whänuitanga. Kei roto te reira i te substructures e whai ake nei: rängai, rohe, uri, mahi, me te pāpori-ōhanga.

E whakaatu ana te hanganga-rohe pehea ki te tuwha i mahi ohaoha puta noa whenua me rohe.

tito hanganga Reproduction te o nga wahi pērā i te haaputuputuraa, kohi, kaweake. Ko reira he whakaata o te kāwanatanga o te ōhanga motu, pera i te rītaha i roto i te manakohia o tetahi o nga wae tohu te tūranga tika o nga mea i roto i te ōhanga. Hei tauira, ki te 100% o te hanga o GDP ko anake hoki te kohi, tohu te reira i te āhuatanga ōhanga eui i roto i te whenua. Ko te ōwehenga tino arotau o te whakamahi / rokiroki / kaweake ko 70% / 25% / 5%. whai wāhi ēnei hanganga ki te whanaketanga o whanaunga kaweake-kawemai me te whakaiti raruraru pāpori.

whakaata hanganga Taumahi te toenga o te hanga hōia, me te harangotengote, i te mea tino nui hoki te āhuatanga pāpori-ōhanga o te whenua. I runga i wheako ao, e taea te tohe i te reira e te teitei te rahi o te production hōia, te kino te āhuatanga ōhanga i roto i te whenua. Ki te rā, te utu production hōia koretake i te whanaketanga o nga whenua maha. Ko te maha ikeiketanga o te moni korero ko 12% o GDP. Katoa e runga ake 6%, ārahi ki kinonga o te hanga rangimarie me te whakahekenga ohaoha.

hanganga pāpori-ōhanga faaite te hononga i waenganui i nga momo o te hanganga pāpori-ōhanga. momo tino tei runga i te momo o te taonga, he tapeke o te torutoru taratahi: te hapu me te hapori (kahore rawa tūmataiti), feudalism (mana feudal reira), koloa-tauine iti (pakihi iti) me te moni (i te mea tūturu i roto i te ahumahi nui-tauine, whakapaipai tūmataiti me motuhake).

World hanganga peka ōhanga titoa o te plurality o ngā waeine whakahaere, i hanga e nei i roto i te wehenga o ngā āhuatanga mahi me te hanga rerekē. ngā tātaritanga Macroeconomic nga rōpū matua e whai ake nei: ahumahi, agro-ahumahi (ranei ahuwhenua), hanga, ahumahi me te ahumahi-kore (ratonga). I roto i te tahuri, ka taea te wehea enei ahumahi ki momoroto. Hei tauira, kua wehea te ahumahi ki te keri me te ahumahi.

Ki te rā, te āhuatanga te ōhanga ao me ona hanganga e te predominance o te wahi o ratonga. I roto i te US me te UK, tae reira 80% i roto i Japan a Canada - 70%, i Germany, Italy ko France - e pā ana ki 60%. I te wa ano, heke kore ko te wahi o te ahuwhenua me te ahumahi neke atu i te 25-30% o GDP. E faataa e te whanaketanga tere o te ahunga whakamua pūtaiao, me te hangarau, kua homai nei e ara ki te hanganga o hou enei ngā ahumahi , me te rāngai mahi.

Kei whenua Soviet mua i āhua i te taumata i taua o te whanaketanga. āhuatanga te ōhanga o whenua taua e te wahi tiketike o te ahuwhenua me te ahumahi, me, no reira, ratonga taumata iti.

I roto i te whenua te whakawhanake, nui wahi o te ahuwhenua te wahi o te ahumahi. Ratou ōwehenga Ko e pā ana ki 20-35%, me te 10-25% te whakaatu i.