Ko te mahi catalytic o pūmua: tauira. Ko te mahi matua o pūmua

E fakanatula pūmua ka puta ngā pūhui matū waro e whai he hanganga macromolecular. Ko te rāpoi ngota o enei matū he nerazvetvlyayuschimsya waerau. E hanga pūmua i te 20 waikawa amino. Ko ratou rāpoi hanganga kōwae iti - waetahi. wāhanga katoa he polypeptide pūmua tūhonohono, i roto i te kupu atu - he Urea, he hono i roto i te mekameka roa nui. I roto i tenei take, ka taea e te taimaha rāpoi ngā i te mano torutoru ake ki milioni o matūriki ngota.

He aha pea te pūmua

Hei whakatau i te mahi matua o te pūmua, he mea e tika ana ki te mahino te hanganga o enei matū. I te kau i reira e rua ngā momo o tenei wae tangata nui: kaiota te, me te flare. Wehewehe ratou te nuinga e tika ana ki te rerekētanga i roto i te hanganga o te rāpoi ngota pūmua.

taonga flare he pai wairewa i roto i te wai e kore e anake, engari ano i roto i rongoā te tote. Ko te kupu he āhua porohita he taua muingota o te pūmua. he memehatanga pai taua taea e ngāwari faataa wāhi o whakatupato toenga waikawa amino, e kua karapotia e te anga Hydration, i runga i te mata o te globule. Ko tenei te mea whakarato taua hoapā pai ki ngā whakarewa. Me kï reira e wāhanga i roto i te rōpū flare ngā nga whākōkī katoa, me te pūmua tata katoa kaha biologically.

Ki te whakaaro ki matū kaiota te, o ratou rāpoi i te hanganga kaiota. He tino nui te mahi catalytic o pūmua. Na reira he uaua ki te whakaaro i tona mahi, kahore adjuvants. pūmua Fibrillar kore e tareka tetahi rongoā tote, ahakoa i roto i te wai noa. E whakaritea o ratou rāpoi ngota i whakarara i roto i te mekameka polypeptide. E whai wāhi taua matū i roto i te hanganga o etahi o nga āhuatanga hanganga o kopa tūhonohono. Reira elastin, keratin, collagen.

He rōpū motuhake o pūmua matatini, e ngā kore anake te waikawa amino engari ano te karihi waikawa, warowaihā me ētahi atu matū. whai wāhi nui katoa o enei wae. O te faufaa ngā ko te mahi catalytic o pūmua. I tua atu, pērā i ngā matū he mahere uhi romahā, hormones, me te he tiaki pono mo tetahi rauropi. kawea biosynthesis o te pūmua kei roto i runga i te ribosome. takoto ana tēnei tukanga e te pūtake haapurororaa o waikawa karihi.

Ko te mahi catalytic o pūmua

Catalysis o ngā matū matū - ko te mahi tino nui o pūmua. E kawea tukanga rite i roto i te taha whākōkī. He pūmua e whai āhuatanga catalytic motuhake. kia kawe i ia o enei matū kotahi e rave rahi e aore tauhohe rite. Whākōkī catalyze te tukanga wāhinga o rāpoi matatini me ratou kōtuitanga. I roto i te ara tetahi, ka karanga te tauhohenga ko catabolism me anabolism. Ko tā hoki te mahi catalytic o pūmua, me te hanga o te tukuruatanga DNA me te RNA kōtuitanga kopu.

He aha te mea catalysis

Kua i te 2013, kua kitea e kaipūtaiao he iti neke atu i te 5000 whākōkī. E taea e ki te whakaawe i te akoranga o tata tauhohe matüora katoa enei matū. Hei riro atu mārama mahi catalytic o pūmua, he mea e tika ana ki te matau te mea he catalysis. Ki te reo Kariki whakamaoritia tenei ariā te rite "mutunga". Catalysis Ko te huringa i roto i te rere tere o tetahi tauhohenga matū. tupu tenei i raro i te mahi o etahi pūhui. Whākōkī mahi rite te pūmua whakakōkī. E kitea tonu tauira o tenei āhuatanga i roto i te ora ia rā. Just e kore e te tangata kite.

TAUIRA mahi catalytic

Ki te mārama me pēhea te te mahi o te pūmua whākōkī, he reira utu whakaaro i te tahi mau hi'oraa. Na, he aha te mea te mahi catalytic o pūmua. tauira:

1. I roto i te ahotakakame whakarato ribulezobifosfatkarboksilaza catalysis warea o CO _2.
2. piri hauwai te ki te hāora, me te wai.
3. DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA.
4. Amylase Ko piri ahei māngaro ki maltose.
5. Kinonga o te waikawa carbonic: CO ₂ + H ₂ E + HCO ₃ ⁺ H.

Ko te mahi catalytic o pūmua he ki te whakatere i tetahi panoni matū. pā ana te reira ki rite tauhohe kōtuitanga, āpiha mimiti haere, te ngota takitahi ranei ngā irahiko whakawhiti i wae tetahi ki tetahi.

mahi waka

Me tonu mahi faufaa o ia pūtau i ngā matū rerekē e he mo ratou rauemi hanganga kore anake, engari ano hoki i te ahua o te pūngao. mahi koiora ngā pūmua, me te waka. E tukua ēnei wāhanga i roto i te pūtau mea nui katoa, no te mea kua hangaia o maha o ngā paparanga o lipids te kiriuhi. Ko konei te reira me i reira ko te momo o pūmua. I roto i tenei take, nga rohe hydrophilic katoa e arotahi ana ki te mata, me waero - i roto i te matotoru o te membrane. e kore e tenei hanganga tukua ki tomo ki roto ki te pūtau he matū tino nui - katote o konganuku alkali, waikawa amino me te huka. whakawhiti pūmua i katoa o enei wae ki ngā pūtau mo ratou kai tōtika. Hei tauira, mauranga pūtoto hāora.

receptor

Ko te mahi matua o te pūmua kore whakarato anake nga pūtau mana o ngā kaiao ora, engari te āwhina hoki ki te tautuhi i te tohu e tae mai i te taiao, me te tata pūtau waho. Ko te tauira tino a Tūrongo, o tenei āhuatanga - te receptor acetylcholine, kei nei i runga i te membrane o hoapā e pā ana ki interneural. He tino nui te tukanga iho. Pūmua mahi receptor mahi me whakaaturia ratou taunekeneke ki acetylcholine te i roto i te tikanga motuhake. Ka rite ki te hua, i roto i te tohu pūtau tuku. Heoi, etahi wa i muri, me kia nekehia atu te neurotransmitter. Anake i roto i tenei take, ka taea ki te farii i te tohu hou te pūtau. Kei te whakamana te reira i tenei mahi e tetahi o nga whākōkī - atsetilholtnesteraza e rave wāwāhi ake Matuorakouawai gidrolizatsetilholina me tāpia.

paruru-

Ko te pūnaha ārai mate o tetahi tangata ora te taea ki te urupare ki te takanga o matūriki ke i roto i te tinana. I roto i tenei take, whakahohe te pūmua te mahi tiaki. I roto i te tinana, i reira te mea he whanaketanga o te maha nui o lymphocytes, e e taea ki te tūkino i te huakita, pathogenic macromolecules, me ētahi atu pūtau mate pukupuku. Ko tētahi o ēnei rōpū o matū whakatupuranga muri pūmua motuhake - immunoglobulins. Ko te tohanga o enei matū i roto i te bloodstream. Ko te immunoglobulins ia ite matūriki ke, me te hanga i matatini he atamira whakangaromanga tino motuhake motuhake. Na kawea mahi paruru o te pūmua.

hanganga

pūmua mahi i roto i te pūtau haere hia mo te tangata. Ētahi matū he hiranga te nuinga hanganga. Ēnei pūmua whakarato mīhini kaha ki te kopa takitahi i roto i kaiao. Tuatahi o te katoa, te reira collagen. Ko te wāhanga matua o te kopu wahopūtau o kopa tūhonohono katoa i roto i te tinana ora tenei.

Me kï reira e i roto i kararehe collagen hanga e pā ana ki te 25% o te katoa taimaha o pūmua. Synthesis o tenei wae puta i roto i fibroblasts. Ko nga pūtau taketake o tetahi kiko tūhonohono enei. Tuatahi i hanga procollagen. Ko tēnei rauemi Ko te kawainga me te matū tukinotia, e ngā i roto i te hāora o te hydroxyproline ki proline toenga, a ki te gidrksilina toenga lysine. hua collagen te i roto i te puka o te toru mekameka peptide, whiri ki te tōrino.

Ko te kore katoa nga mahi o te pūmua. Biology - rawa he pūtaiao matatini, e taea ai e koe te tautuhi me te mohio ki te maha ngā tango wahi i roto i te tinana tangata. Ia mahi o te pūmua whai wāhi motuhake. Ko te kupu, i roto i te kopa rapa, pērā i pūkahukahu, taiepa oko toto, me te kiri he elastin. taea ki te totoro a ka hoki mai ki tona āhua taketake tenei pūmua he.

nekeneke pūmua

hukihuki Uaua - he tukanga i roto i nei te faafariuraa o te pūngao penapena i roto i te puka o ngā rāpoi ngota ATP i hononga pyrophosphate macroergic, ara ki te mahi hangarau. I roto i tenei take, te mahi o te pūmua i roto i te pūtau whakahaere myosin me actin. He Ia o ratou ona ake āhuatanga.

Myosin he hanganga rerekē. Kei tēnei pūmua o filamentary wahi feunga roa - te hiawero, me te o te maha upoko flare. Kei te tukua Myosin, te tikanga i roto i te puka o te hexamer. i hanga tēnei wae te atu tino mekameka ōrite polypeptide, ia o nei he taimaha o 200 mano rāpoi, me hoki 4 mekameka nei rāpoi taimaha ko anake 20 mano.

Actin Ko te pūmua flare e kua te kaha ki te polymerize. A, no te hanga tenei rauemi he hanganga makona roa, e kiia nei ko F-actin. Anake i roto i te wāhanga taua kāwanatanga tikanga e taea te taunekeneke ki myosin.

Tauira o ngā mahi matua o pūmua

Katoa tuarua i roto i te pūtau o te kaiao ora puta ngā tukanga e pai kia taea kahore pūmua. He tauira o te receptor mahi taua matū taea te mahi rite te pūtau karere adrenoceptor rironga Adrenaline. A, no te kitea ki te whāwehe marama o rhodopsin. tīmata tēnei āhuatanga te tauhohenga me te rakau tahuri.

Ki te whakaaro ki hanganga āhuatanga, te tauira pai i roto i tenei take e taea te mahi kia rite ki te pānga o te collagen. Ko tēnei rauemi homai nga kopa tūhonohono o te elasticity nui.

He tauira o te mahi waka o pūtoto te mau ana hāora a tawhio noa te tinana ora.

I roto i te mutunga

Ko nga mahi taketake katoa koiora o pūmua tenei. Ko te tino nui hoki te rauropi ora ia o ratou. I roto i tenei mahi motuhake whakamana te pūmua hāngai. Ko te ngaro o taua wāhanga e taea meinga malfunctions o etahi whēkau me ngā pūnaha i roto i te tinana.