Ko te momo matua o hokohoko pūtea. Ngā momo o te ao hokohoko pūtea

Area i reira te kitenga o ngä hua pütea hanga me whanaunga ōhanga e i waenganui i kaihoko me kaihoko o enei rawa, ko reira te mākete pūtea, tona tūranga kei te piki haere te wa katoa, no te mea ko reira te huarahi o te kaupapa noa o te whakapaipai i waenganui tangata, pakihi, ahumahi me te rohe. Ka kia tukinotia momo o hokohoko pūtea, me te i roto i tenei tuhinga.

whakamāramatanga

Mataotao kua kōrero a mohoa noa te hanganga o mākete pūtea, me te ngana ki te hanga i te characterizing tino tenei tautuhinga āhuatanga. Rawa te rota o te feaa rite ki te hanganga. whakahokia mai Markets i runga i nga whenua o whakawhitinga akiaki, te parau tumu rohe, mo te whakamahi o etahi mea pūtea, wāhanga o ngā take whakahaere, kia rite ki nga momo o mahi, me te pera i runga i. rerekē momo o hokohoko pūtea i roto i Russia mai 2010 ki te faatura ki te mea i whakamahia, a kua wehea ratou i runga i nga peeke hokohoko, penihana, me te inihua hua, moni me pärönaki.

Ko te matua mea pūtea o te mākete kararehe whakapono te pire, hea haumi, tiwhikete mōkete, kōwhiringa o te kaituku, here, hea, peeke hokotanga me here kāwanatanga. I roto i te wāhanga inihua whakahaere i ētahi atu momo o hokohoko pūtea, i reira te hiahia he kirimana, te insurer me te inihua e anake. Pärönaki e kua whakamahia i roto i enei hokohoko, i reira he kirimana - ananahi, kōwhiringa me ētahi atu paerewa, i roto i te tua - kōwhiringa, whakamua, me te tahi atu whakawhitinga e pā ana ki te wā. whakamahi mākete Money taputapu pērā i loans, putunga, me ētahi atu herenga nama.

Taumahi me Prospects

raraunga Taipitopito i runga i te putanga me te hiahiatanga o ngā rauemi pūtea, te hanganga o utu mo enei he mahi e whakarato mōhiohio ki nga mea katoa o hokohoko pūtea. Tenei he nui taipitopito katoa, me te kounga o tenei mahi, tei runga i te huringa, tupu me te whanaketanga o tenei wahi o te mahi a te tangata ki te whanaketanga o te ōhanga ao. He tūranga nui ki te tākaro i roto i enei mahi ao me te whakahaere o te mākete pūtea te ao. Ko te tino māmālie te tukanga, engari, te whakawa i nga hua o nga mahi o te whakapaipai ao, whakawhanake reira tamau.

Kei te pera maha, me te whānui whakamahia Whakarōpū me ngā momo o hokohoko pūtea i roto i te reo ia rā, e rangirua hohoro whiwhi whakauka pūmatuatanga mooni wiri. Ko te nuinga o whānui te ariā, engari i muri huna reira maha whakamāramatanga motuhake mō te hunga ngaio tito i te pūnaha katoa, ia huānga o nei whakarōpūtia te rite ki te momo o paearu. I roto i te putanga matarohia o te whakarōpūtanga me ngā momo o hokohoko pūtea kore e rongo anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te mahi ki nga housewife, rite te rerekē haere o te whakapaipai, ara iti, titau etahi matauranga.

whakarōpū General

Tuatahi o te katoa ko reira e tika ana ki te mahino te paearu mō te wehenga whakarōpū. Ia Momoroto o te mākete pūtea he ona ake ariā, me e whai momo o hokohoko pūtea mo te mahi tino rerekē. O nga paearu tino nui ko te wehenga e whai ake nei.

1. Rawa me ngā āhuatanga o ratou maimoatanga: whakahohe mākete pūtea tuatahi tuarua ranei.

2. I runga i te tohu o te whakahaere wehewehe OTC ruarua whakaritea, me te pai-whakaritea hokohoko te tika.

3. moni me te ru o ratou whakatinanatanga: wahi ananahi ranei tīpakohia hokohoko.

4. Waea rawa me ratou momo: taea te whakamahi i te inihua ranei te moni mākete, mākete nama, peeke ranei konganuku utu nui.

5. I roto i te rohe o te whakahörapatanga o hokohoko pūtea i reira he taumata rerekē: ao, me te motu, ā-rohe, me te rohe.

6. Ko te paearu matua mō te whakatau i te ariā me ngā momo o hokohoko pūtea, he wā i roto i nei i reira he rawa. E nehenehe te reira i te mākete wā roa-whakapaipai, moni noa ranei.

Paraimere, me te tuarua

vai te Paraimere mākete pūtea mō rawa pūtea e e te hokona hoki te wa tuatahi, ko tenei te wahi i reira ko te tuatahi o ratou kiritaki, meinga nei e ingoa. mua hoko me te hoko te tuku o nga rawa tēnā, take ranei ranei. hokohoko pūtea, ratou āhua me ngā momo o te tokoni kapewhiti me peeke i te ara tika, me te tino pai. Kei te mahi kaihoko haumi (Underwriters) i runga i te mākete tuatahi, e he kawenga mō te whakanohonga o enei whakaurunga pūtea.

hoko ratou rānei katoa te wahi nui o te rōrahi o te peeke e kua puta ranei, ka hokona ki kiritaki waho, a, o te akoranga, kia te hou i runga i te kaupapa reimbursable. hua pütea atu (i roto i te puka o peeke te kore ranei) kia whakawhitinga muri e tango i te wahi kua i roto i te mākete tuarua, ahakoa o te ahanoa, i te mea he rōpū ki te hoko. Market Paraimere taea i roto i te tohanga kapewhiti ko ona mahi. Ngā momo o hokohoko pūtea te tauhononga he kaupapa roa, me te kounga o te whakapaipai. Ko te mākete tuarua kua tino mahuinga no te mea te reira i reira e kua tāutuhia ko te āhuatanga tino nui o mea pūtea pērā i tere mōrearea-tango ranei. Ko nga momo matua o hokohoko pūtea enei.

Ko te hītori o te mākete kararehe

tīmata Securities tona hurihanga i te rau tau i ma'iri a'e nei. āhuatanga atu rautau tekau ma rima e te hanga o te peeke tūmatanui hokohoko. Hei taupoki ana i te tarepa o moni, kua timata whenua rerekē ki te whakaputa i a tuu kore anake i roto i te whenua, a tae noa ki tua atu i te rohe o tona ake peeke. Na, i roto i te 1556, whakatuwheratia tenei mākete i roto i Antwerp. Otiia i roto i te rau tau tekau ma ono vai kē he maha o mahi whakawhiti kararehe, tae atu ki te ao (Club Brugge). ngā mahi utu technique ake, whakarato tokanga makehe ki tangata ke.

Heoi i reira he ariā hou: te auau whakawhiti, pūrongo mākete kararehe. Heoi, nga momo o te ao hokohoko pūtea kua kore ano i hanga e. Tānga o te uara rārangi o tenei utu o peeke hokona ko te timatanga o te oraraa o te utu kararehe hei whakahaere motuhake motuhake. I roto i te utu rau maitai pokapū hokohoko whitu Netherlands, i reira, i roto i te tua ki te tono kāinga, tae nga peeke, Ingarangi.

hoko

haere mai mahi Non-kāwanatanga i te wa ano - i runga i te utu kararehe Amsterdam, ka kauwhautia te Te Tai Rāwhiti India Company te ohaurunga mō te whai wāhitanga i roto i te hua, reira e pa ana ki nga momo me te hanganga o nga hokohoko pūtea. Ki te awhina o tenei whai pānga kamupene hokohoko mō te toru rau nga tau, kaweake me hokona tata nga rauemi katoa e no ki India. Amsterdam hua, aua, hei takawaenga, whakahaere kore hea anake hokohoko mo te moni, engari ano hoki whakawhitinga mua whakahaere kupu hanga mākete kararehe natulá tuatahi. I roto i te rau tau tekau ma waru o haukotia Ingarangi te kaupapa, i roto i te tua ki te whakatuwheratanga o te utu kararehe me te mākete OTC, i huaina ai i te huarahi. hanga mo London brokers i roto i ngā toa kawhe, me te tika i runga i te papa kohatu.

Types, i tino disordered hanganga o hokohoko pūtea i roto i aua ra. I roto i France, i rerekē mahi reira he iti. I te mutunga o te rau tau tekau ma waru i roto i Paris whakatuwheratia promissory mākete tuhipoka, te wahi e kawea whakawhitinga i brokers mōhiohio anake. Hoki te wa roa, ara e kore e whakakite nui whakaaturia nga utu, a kahore te tukanga mō te hokohoko i runga i te utu kararehe i mohio tūmatanui. Hoki Exchange arataki i te kāwanatanga, whakahaere nekehanga katoa o te peeke. Neke atu i te wa, ko nga mākete kua wahi katoa, a ka ka e ratou te ringa rehe e whakatuwhera rite te motuhake whakawhitinga pūtea, me te koloa.

Exchange ko OTC hokohoko: ngā rerekētanga

I roto i te whenua tino whakawhanakehia i rite ngā hokohoko utu: tuatahi, i reira ko he hokohoko o nga here municipality, kāwanatanga, kamupene rerewhenua, ko nga hea he rarity. Heoi, i roto i te rautau tekau mā iwa, ka anga puka tahi-kararehe ki te taea. hoatu te rau tau rua tekau nga whakawhitinga kararehe te rahinga e kore anake, engari ano hoki i te kounga o te hokohoko, pera i reira he hangarau hou. I roto i te waenganui o reira i reira ko te mākete OTC whakaritenga, te pūtake o i rorohiko. Heoi, whakawhiti-hoko ko OTC tonu ripeneta rerekē i ia atu, tae atu ratou mahi i roto i te mākete pūtea.

He mea tika ki te whakaaro i te mahi o ia o enei pūtahi, me te ki te whakahaere i te whakaahuatanga whakatairite i roto i te tikanga ki te tautuhi i te rerekētanga katoa me ngā ōritenga. mākete Exchange, rite te ātete ki OTC, kua te rārangi, me te kukū tiketike o te supply, me te tono. Here, ture rawa tino mō te tauhokohoko, me te tuhia tino whakawhitinga katoa, ko reira kore te taumata o te tūpono kia tiketike. I tua atu, me tika te whai i te raihana bidders katoa. OTC e kore rārangi o te mākete pūtea, i reira he he iti supply hāngai me te tono, i reira he kahore kopaninga o nga ture, me te rēhita o whakawhitinga ki bidders raihana kore e ui, a reira ko te nui teitei te taumata o te mōrea. Ko te āhua, momo, me ngā mahi o te mākete pūtea enei.

hokohoko taumata-Ritua, motuhake, wā me te wahi

E āhuatanga akiaki hokohoko pūtea e te tetahi Toronga wa i waenganui i te wa o te mutunga, me te mahi o te hoko, te tikanga e nga ngā iti ki nga ra e rima. He Kei te tino maha tukinotia pärönaki - tika, me te koloa kōwhiringa me ananahi, e te hunga i roto i te matua mea pārōnaki pūtea. I runga i te mākete wahi te mahi Ko tā te mahia tonu o reira. Types me mākete pūtea ngā makehe me te kuware tino ki matau. Ko reira kitea i te taitara, he aha e nga mahi o te mākete motuhake: te ringarehe mākete moni i roto i te moni, inihua - kaupapa here rīanga, a na i runga i. Here e te nuinga i te reira e te mākete kararehe anake: kua atu whakawhanakehia ōhanga te whenua o, te teitei te rahi o peeke hokohoko, ki te whakaaro tatou ki te katoa rōrahi o whakawhitinga.

Paetini hokohoko pūtea i to ratou ake "aho" - he ao, motu, ā-rohe, me te rohe, kua whakahuatia kua i roto i te rārangi o ngā momo. hokohoko National ngātahi whakarite ao mākete pūtea. Ia motu te taniwha, ngā o-rohe katoa, ka rite ki nga faaueraa o te wehenga whakahaere-rohe. I roto i te rohe ngātahi hokohoko pūtea rohe katoa. E mea ohie. I te taumata o nga whanaunga mākete rohe whakaemi he maha nui o ngā mahi ki te peeke takitahi kaihokohoko, inihua, me ngā whare pēke i runga i te ringa kotahi me pūtea mahi i roto i tūmataiti, i runga i te tahi atu. Ko ngā whakaaro tata katoa engari e rua o te matua, te momo o hokohoko pūtea.

mākete Money me te mākete whakapaipai

Ko te momo tino nui o te mākete pūtea tenei. Ki āwangawanga moni katoa e taea te hono ki te moni, me te cashless utu, a i roto i te tua, whakawhitinga katoa e whakamahi wā-poto mea pūtea (marama ki runga ki te tekau ma rua wā paari). Ko te mākete whakapaipai ngā he maha nui o ngā whakawhitinga, me ngā mahi tauhokohoko ki te faatura ki ngā rawa me te wā roa-mea pūtea, te wahi i te rohe wā mō runga i te tau. Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenganui i nga hokohoko whakapaipai me te moni tenei. whakapaipai Real i roto i hou tonu ano ona faufaa, engari e te wā e rave rahi tekau tau te whakapaipai pūtea, i te mea i roto i te puka o te peeke, me te moni. Ko te ōhanga ko te kupu fakataha rua rāngai rite whakapaipai tūturu me pūtea kore e hanumi ki tetahi ki tetahi. E hāngai ana te rängai pūtea kei te tino i runga i te whakapaipai me te ratonga pūtea hanga te taua tikanga, me te rängai tūturu e hāngai ana i runga i te pane a tūturu, hua taonga me hokona ratonga kore-pūtea.

hokohoko whakapaipai He wāhanga e hoko ngä hua pütea, ko tona hanganga rawa ramified me ngā o ngā mākete nama me te utu ke, pärönaki hokohoko, ratonga rīanga me whakatairanga. E te ara, te mākete kararehe i roto i te tuitui o te nama ngā reira wahi o te mākete kararehe. āhuatanga te mākete whakapaipai e te momo nui o ngā mahi e ōrite ana ki ona wāhanga matua. Tenei moni tauwhitinga, pärönaki, ratonga rīanga, pareparenga loans, here me peeke kāwanatanga me ngā whakawhitinga katoa i runga i te hokohoko kararehe. Stocks me here ko nga tikanga tino rongonui o te haumi, no te mea ratou i te tetahi wa e taea kia tino pai ki te hoko i te mākete peeke (kararehe).

mākete moni International

Kua whakaritea ngā hononga i roto i te mākete whakawhiti ke i waenganui i nga kaupapa - pēke me te pēke-kore pūtahi, kamupene, takitahi, me te pera i runga i. Ko te ahanoa o te mākete moni ao ko tetahi whakaritenga moni, e kua whakahuatia i roto i te moni, me te moni ke. roa I mua, moni hokohoko anake i runga i etahi hokohoko utu, a reira tae noa tae noa ka anga ratou ki te whakawhanake atu-utu hononga. Hoko ko ha hokohoko moni ka mau wahi i roto i te maha o ngā āhuatanga: huringa i roto i te pūnaha moni te ao, ture pūtea, hokohoko kāwanatanga, te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau hou, hou i roto i te ohaoha ariā, me te mahi.

Conventionally, kua wehea te mākete moni te ao kia rua nga wahi - te wahi hoko ratou Moni takitahi, me te wahi mea mākete takitahi whakamahia. wehea ano kaiuru ki te maha ngā kāwai e hāngai ana i runga i mahi.

1. whakatinanatanga o te whakawhitinga o ngā mahi ao.

2. hanga tonu haumi whakapaipai hāngai - haumi i roto i te rakau, here me te rite.

3. Tonu mahi i runga i te mākete moni, me te mahi i runga i ngā whakawhitinga wā-poto.

Ko te painga matua o te mākete moni ao ko tona tere mōrahi, ki te wahi nui o nga whakawhitinga katoa kiia hoki te mākete OTC (i runga i iwa tekau ōrau). Ngā mema - pareparenga iti, me te nui, kaihokohoko, kamupene haumi, ngā moni, tahatika pokapū o whenua rerekē me brokers. Ka taea te huaina nga āhuatanga motuhake o te mākete utu ke ao te tupu i roto i ngā āhua o te mākete moni me to ratou internationalization, te tonu o te hoko, wāhanga whawhati tata nohopuku-vitiviti, whakakotahitanga o hangarau me te whakapai ake o ngā mahi utu ke, te tupu tere o pukapuka, me te inihua mōrea.

Ko te mākete kararehe ao

Ko tēnei huānga o te mākete whakapaipai, te wahi e pā ana te mahi matua te ki te take o te peeke, me te hoko me te hoko ngā mahi i roto i nei ratou whai wāhi. He Kei te kawea i roto i te hokohoko whānui i roto i te momo o te stockbroking, e kua whakahuatia i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā Moni ao. Hanganga o te haere i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā tukanga tuitui, te whakahaere o te pēke, me ngā mahi utu i roto i nga whenua rerekē, te whakamahi kaha o Moni motu me te pūmautanga rawaka o te reiti utu.

Ko te mākete kararehe ao rapua e tawhā kounga o te ōhanga e te hunga tika ti'aturi i runga i te taumata o te hangarau me te ao ōhanga, me te he anga ture kainga, me te tokomaha atu huru maitatai. Ka whakawhirinaki te taumata o te haumi i runga i te āhua o te whai hua i te pūnaha o ture ki te faatura ki te hokohoko pūtea me he ano rawa ture nui e nei e whakahaere ringarehe, me te wātea o te tiaki kāwanatanga o ngā tika rawa o e rua pūtea rohe, me te ke.