Konumāmura tōrino: āhuatanga me tono

ora Modern e taea ki te whakaaro, kahore he maha nui o pūrere rerekē. He tokomaha hoki o ratou ko te wahi matua tōrino konumāmura - te "ngakau" o te huarahi. Ki taputapu hiko, taputapu mīhini, taputapu mana whakamahia i roto i te ora ia rā, me te i roto i te hanga nui-tauine, he tika ti'aturi i runga i te waea ki te koranu taketake.

whakaahuatanga

I roto i te 1905, i tapa te pūtaiao American Albert Marsh ki ngā chromium me te konukōreko. Ko te tātai arai e whai ake 20% chromium me 80% sēniti. I te ingoa i te koranu - konumāmura. I te tīmatanga, i reira ko kahore ligation (huānga whakangutungutu) i roto i te ranunga, a ko reira he koranu e rua-wae. I teie mahana, ko reira taea ki te kitea rerekē ki te ihirangi konukoreko o 55%, me te chromium 15%. Poke he rino, silicon, konupora, konumohe, Titanium, molybdenum, silicon. He neke atu i te kotahi tekau "tohutao" hinga whakarewa i raro i te ti'araa o te konumāmura.

tōrino konumāmura he he tino nui resistivity kua meinga hei wāhanga mahuinga o maha taputapu me whakatangi. Ko reira, e nehenehe o pato hāora pāmahana tiketike i roto i noa, me te i roto i ngā taiao ha'iriiri. Tenei koranu kua he taonga e tika ana ki te aroaro o te chromium, i hanga i runga i te mata o te tuhinga he kiriata waikura tiaki. mō ia te koranu i roto i te tae pouri. Ki te tango koe (i te mahi mīhini) paparanga oxidized, huringa kauruku ki te hina repa.

Y koranu ā-rua kahore he āhuatanga autō, kia attenuated ai akatuke'anga multicomponent tawhā. tōrino konumāmura he ukanga tiketike, me te pai. hangaia waea te ki te wāhanga rerekē i 0.01 ki te 10 mm. āhuatanga matua ngā:

• resistivity hiko - OM`m 1100-1400;
• ira whakakoero ki 1400 nekehanga (ngā mahi - 800-1100 degrees);
• kiato - 8200-8500 kg / m ^3;
• kaha - 650-700 MPa.

āhuatanga Material te whakatau i te teitei whakaritenga hangarau.

painga

tono Tall me kaha hoki wāhanga i konumāmura koranu he tika ki te mau huru mīharo:

• e kore raro ki te waikura;
• taimaha iti;
• ngāwari ki te tukanga (ngāwari takatakahia ka paiherea);
• He ātete wera tiketike;
• roa, me te ngāwari i te wa kotahi;
• āhuatanga e nui haere ātete ki taiao pukuriri;
• He he ora ratonga roa.

Ko tētahi atu painga nui ko te ātete tiketike ki te nāianei hiko. I roto i te mahi, i tenei tawhā taea hoki iti kitakōreko (konumāmura tōrino roa poto) ki te riro wera neke atu i te taha o, mo te tauira, te mema maitai. I roto i te tahuri, te nui iti o te whakarewa e taea te whakaiti i te taimaha me te rahi o te taputapu katoa. Ko te painga matua o te konumāmura - he huinga o te katoa o enei inenga i roto i te rauemi taua.

momo

Ka taea te hanga tōrino konumāmura o ngā whakarerekētanga o te koranu, me te kia o matotoru rerekē. He rerekē i roto i to ratou hanganga pane me e wehea (herenga) ki ngā rōpū matua e toru:

• Parenga iahiko: H20N80 (20% chromium, 80% nika); H20N73YUM-VI (20% chromium, 73% nika, 3% konumohe, 1.5% molybdenum, ki runga ki te 0.3% konupora, ki runga ki te 0.05% Titanium, 2% rino, ki runga ki te 0.05% waro , tikanga arataki korehau rewa).
• Hoki te whakamahi i pāmahana i runga 900 nekehanga.
• Hoki ngā āhuatanga whakawera ki nui haere ātete ki pāmahana teitei: HN70YU-H (27% chromium, 70% nika, 3% konumohe, ki runga ki te 0.3% konupora, ki runga ki te 0.03% o caesium, me 0.1% o te konu me 1, 5% rino, ki runga ki te 0.1% waro).

I runga i nga hanganga o ona wāhanga wāhanga, ngā āhuatanga o te koranu whakawhirinaki. He maha nui o chromium ārai piti hāora.

Scope

I roto i te tino rapua i muri rauemi waea konumāmura pā ana ki hiko mākete hua. whakamahia helix o tenei koranu e i roto i maha tauira o te hatete hiko. kaimahi whakamahi i te reira i te kāinga hoki:

• taputapu tahu te rakau;
• oumu kāinga mō te pupuhi okouku;
• pūrere whakawera tere o etahi konganuku i te smithy;
• te whakaputa whakaaro whakawera māmā ( "koati");
• welders kāinga.

Ko te whakamahi ahumahi o te nika chromium i roto i taputapu whare whānui: dryers makawe, rino, hatete, rino whakapiringa, hiko, me te pera i runga i. Kei te whakamahia waea ki te-wāhanga ripeka nui mō ngā tono fehokotaki'anga aunoa. Ka taea te kitea he koranu taua i roto i te taputapu taiwhanga me mara hiko. whakamahia waea konumāmura te wahi e hiahiatia ātete ki pāmahana teitei me taiao ha'iriiri.