Me pēhea te ki te waihanga i tētahi tūtohiripo. He hoahoa poraka o te hōtaka o te ngohi

Ko te hoahoa poraka ko te kanohi kauwhata o te tukanga, āta whakaatu i te raupapa pūnahanaha o nga wāhanga katoa o te mahi, me te nga rōpū katoa e kua whai wāhi i roto i te tukanga. Tenei kaupapa Ko te pūnaha o tohu whakairoiro (poraka) me ngā rārangi whakawhiti (pere) i waenganui ia ratou. Ia o enei poraka hāngai ki te taahiraa ngā o te hātepe. Inside tenei tohu whakamārama ana tenei mahi.

He aha te whakamahi i flowcharts?

E hangaia ēnei pūnaha ki te mahi i nga mahi e whai ake nei:

- whakawhanake i tētahi tukanga hou;

- ki te whakaahua me te tuhi i te hātepe o nāianei;

- ki te whakawhanake i whakarerekētanga ki te tukanga ranei ki te tirotiro i te hononga ki te tūponotanga o ngā hapa me ngā rahunga;

- ki te whakatau ka, te wahi me te pehea koe e taea te huri i te hātepe o nāianei, i roto i te tikanga ki te manatoko i te pūmautanga o te pūnaha katoa.

rerengamahi Development

hāngai Tetahi hoahoa poraka kei runga i te mahi o te hātepe whakaahua te mahi o te pūrere hōtaka ranei. Na reira, i te tuatahi i hanga e matou te pūnaha iho. "Hātepe" e pā ana ki te whakaahuatanga o te raupapa o ngā mahi ki te whakaoti i te raruraru. I roto i te meka, tenei ture te mahi i te tukanga e hiahiatia ana o tukatuka mōhiohio. I mua i puta ki te hanga o te hātepe papatono hiahiatia te ki te tautuhi i mārama te raruraru: ko reira e tika ana ki te whiwhi i te hua o nei e hiahiatia ana te mōhiohio tuatahi kei te me aha he wātea, ahakoa i reira e here i runga i tona taenga. I muri i taua, he rārangi o ngā mahi ki te whakatinana ki te whakatutuki i te hua e hiahiatia ana.

momo o hātepe

I roto i te mahi, e whakamahia ana te nuinga o maha nga momo e whai ake nei o ngā tūtohi rere:

- whakairoiro, e hāngai ana ie i runga i ngā tohu āhuahanga;

- waha: unu ake i nga kupu mua o te reo;

- tupurangi-waehere: tohu whakaahuatanga semiformalized reo papatono herenga, e ngā āhuatanga o te reo papatono me ngā kīanga tuhituhi, me te noa tohu pāngarau;

- pūmanawa: anake te reo hōtaka e whakamahia ana ki te tuhituhi.

He hoahoa poraka o ngā pūrere: Whakaahuatanga

He māngai kauwhata o te rerengamahi ngā image hātepe kōrero whakaahua i te poraka mahi o tenei ara iahiko e hāngai ana ki te whakatinana i tetahi atu ranei mahi. He hoahoa poraka o te ngohi titoa o ngā āhuatanga takitahi, ngā āhuatanga, me te hanganga o ngā ture e tautuhi te paerewa kāwanatanga. Hoki ia momo o te mahi (tāuru raraunga, uara faaiteraa tätaitanga, taki tikanga, te mana tāruarua tukatuka mahi katinga, me ētahi atu). He ko he motuhake ahua āhuahanga kanohi rite te poraka. E hono e ngā rārangi e tautuhi te raupapa o ngā mahi enei tohu.

Ko te āhuatanga matua mahi i roto i te faaineineraa o flowcharts

Ko te rārangi katoa o ngā tohu whakairoiro whakamahia mo te whakaahuatanga o te hātepe ngā o 42 huānga. Ko tōna katoa e kore e hoatu e matou, a ka whakaaro te tumuaki anake.

Elements o te tūtohiripo:

1. tikanga te tukanga o te rorohiko mahi raupapa ranei o mahi e huri i te uara o te raraunga hōputu ranei mo te türanga. Hoki mārama, e taea te ngā enei huānga iahiko ki tetahi wae. Tenei tohu Ko te tapawhā, i roto i nei te kōrero i tuhituhia, tahi te mahi (ranei rōpū o whakawhitinga).

2. Rongoā. whakamahia ana tēnei poraka te ki tohu te huru whakawhiti ki runga ki te mana. I roto i ia āhua mema taua ui te whakarite, huru ranei, e tautuhi reira. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, te whakatau - ko te pai rawa o te aronga mo te hōtaka hātepe ranei, i runga i etahi tikanga tāupe rānei. Tiro kauwhata o te huānga - he taimana. Mea e taea te whakamahi tohu rite te ahua o te hanganga paerewa e whai ake nei: kōwhiringa, he marau-wā wahi tonu, me te, te huringa o "i mua", me te "roa".

3. Whakarereke. Tenei kōwae tohu te timatanga o te huringa. Kei te whakamahia te reira mo te whakahaere i te hanganga huringa. Inside tenei huānga record tautuhinga whānui o ngā mahi, ka rite ki tohua e tona uara tuatahi, rohe huru, me te taahiraa taui te tūemi ki te kia korerotia. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, te whakarerekē - ko te tupuraa o te huri ngā rōpū ranei ngā rōpū o ngā mahi e te huri i te hōtaka. kanohi kauwhata o tenei tohu ko te tapaono.

4. tikanga te tukanga tātaitanga tomu'a mo te hōtaka tomu'a paerewa ranei. Kei te whakamahia te reira ki te tohu i te maimoatanga ki te hātepe pŭpŭ tauturu e vai takitahi rite te kōwae motuhake motuhake, me ki te uru i te ngā kawa whakahaere whare pukapuka. Tiro kauwhata o te tohu kanohi e te tapawhā ki e rua tutaki poutū i runga i te taha. Tenei huānga tavini no te arata'iraa o ngā waea mahi, ngā tukanga, kōwae pūmanawa.

5. raraunga Tāuru-putanga i roto i te puka whānui.

6. Tīmata me mutu. Tenei huānga tohu i te tīmatanga me te mutunga o te hātepe, me whai wāhi ki te hōtaka, me te putanga i reira. Kauwhata tenei tohu rite te tapawhā i reira te taha hei utu o tika - pewa.

7. Tuhinga tikanga hua putanga o te tā. Kauwhata, he huānga rite te tapawhā, anake hei utu o te raro hawhe-poipoi e whakatika tuhia.

8. tāuru ā-tikanga e te tukatuka raraunga operator keu i te pūrere e pā nei te ki te rorohiko (papapātuhi). tohu whakairoiro o te tāuru ā-ko te tapawhā, ko te raro hāngai ki a ratou e whakarara ki te rārangi nei taha, me matahao teitei.

9. tikanga te whakaatu ki te tāuru putanga ranei mōhiohio i roto i te take, ka hono te pūrere e tika ki te pūtukatuka. I taua taime, ka timata ratou ki te tākaro i te raraunga, e taea te hanga te kaiwhakahaere huringa i roto i te tukatuka. Kauwhata, Ko te ahua i roto i nei he whakarara, tika nga rārangi o runga, me te raro i tenei huānga - ko reira te pewa, ka hanga te maui kei runga o rua tonu hei pere.

10. Ko te rārangi rere - he pere e tohu i te raupapa o ngā hononga. e kore e taea e kore hoahoa poraka hanganga horoa ki tenei huānga. He etahi ture whakataki enei pūāhua. Tenei ko ratou:

- Me kia whakarara ki te rārangi o te paenga waho rohe o te whārangi i runga i nei whakaatu ana tenei i te hoahoa poraka ranei nga mea timatanga raraunga;

- he aho i runga ki raro i mahue ki te matau ranei whakaaro te te matua, e kore e tohu ai i te pere, tohu te tahi atu take wāhi whakaritea e ratou;

- te huri i te ahunga o tenei huānga ko ^{e pā ana ki} anake 90.

11. Tūhono. whakamahia ana tēnei huānga e ki whakapūtā te hononga ki te aruaru i te rere o te rārangi. E whakamahia ana ēnei tohu i roto i te kaupapa i hangaia te te hoahoa poraka o te hōtaka i te maha o ngā wāhanga. Na ka ki te raina o te rere i tetahi wahi mutunga "tūhono," me te wahi hou - tīmata ki tenei tohu. Inside tenei huānga whakanohoia te te tau rangatū taua. kanohi kauwhata o "tūhono" - he porowhita.

12. tūhono interstitial. Ko te whakaaro o tenei huānga he rite ki te kotahi o mua, kei te anake whakamahia reira ki te hono flowcharts, whakanohoia ki runga ki ngā whārangi rerekē. māngai te whakapakoko o te pūmotu pērā te rite te whare taparima.

13. Comment - tenei kōrero i waenganui i te ngā whakamārama huānga tūtohiripo. huānga mea taea ngā tātai me ētahi atu mōhiohio.

flowcharts Construction

Hātepe hanga whakairoiro - he wāhanga o te tuhinga mo te pūrere hōtaka ranei e he wātea nui i roto i nga wa katoa. Heoi, i roto i nuinga o te wā, e kore e hiahia te pūmanawa i roto i te hoahoa poraka. he torutoru anake e hiahiatia ana te hanga o te hātepe e te torutoru pepa, te toenga he kaupapa tino tohu. hoahoa poraka Simple e whakaatu ana i te hanganga o te hōtaka te pekapeka i te kotahi anake āhuatanga. Heoi, ko te mārama kitea noa te hanganga taua anake i raro i te huru e whakanohoia te hātepe kei te i runga i te whārangi kotahi. I roto i te take te ritenga, ka kei te hoahoa poraka kei runga i te maha o ngā whārangi e pā ana ngā whakawhitinga interstitial e tino uaua ki te tiki i te whakaaro tika e pā ana ki reira. Ki te whakanohoia ki runga ki te whārangi kotahi, ka he hōtaka nui tenei whakapakoko hātepe papatono tahuri ki tona mahere whānui ki te rārangi o nga poraka matua me kaupae. O te akoranga, e kore e tenei hōtaka whai i te paerewa hoahoa tukanga, engari kihai i hiahia ia ratou, mai te mea tino rerekē te tukanga. Ture e pā ana ki te momo o ngā pūāhua, pere, me te tikanga o te taua e hiahiatia ana te anake hoki te poroporo flowcharts taipitopito.

Huānga me hanga o hātepe

He ngohi Ko te kohinga o te momo kotahi o te mōhiohio rongoa e te i roto i tautau mahara karapīpiti me he ingoa noa. E huaina taua pūtau "āhuatanga o te pūnaha." E taua tautau katoa i roto i te raupapa. huaina ana tēnei tau ko te "taupū o te huānga ngohi". Me pēhea te ki te waihanga i tētahi hoahoa rere mo te pūnaha taua? A feruri i te hi'oraa o te hanganga o hātepe mō te pūmotu ngohi o tetahi-ahu momo. Ko te pūnaha māmā he raina Tiro conventionally. Tautuhia te ingoa mo te ngohi - "A". amo tatou e ngā tatou pūnaha o waru ngā pūtau (1 ki te 8). Ia o tautau mea Kei roto he tau matapōkere, e kiia nei ko "huānga ngohi". Hei te uru i te pūtau ngā Me whakapūtā te ingoa i roto i taiapa tapawha ([3]). Fakakaukau angé ki he tauira i roto i nei tikanga te hoahoa poraka o te ngohi e ki te whakaki i te pūnaha ki te tau tupurangi, me te ka outputting mōhiohio i runga i te mata. He aha te mea he hātepe? Tenei pūnaha pūmotu. I roto i te meka, te mea kahore tono mahi, Heoi, he pai hoki te tukanga akoranga. Whakaaro he ara iahiko poraka (tauira o te hanga whakaahuatia i raro nei) ngā whitu anake huānga matua hono whakawhitinga rārangi.

Whakaahuatanga o te raupapa o ngā mahi

1. Ka waiho te huānga tuatahi o te kaupapa i te tohu o "Te Kamata'angá".

2. Ko te kōwae tuarua - "Tukanga", e hāngai i roto i te "arawhiti matapōkere».

3. Ko te huānga muri - "whakarerekē" tomo te uara o te ngohi o ngā pūtau i roto i te poraka.

4. I tua atu, kei te tukuna rite ki te mahi tomu'a ki te poraka "tukanga" muri, hoatu ai te te maimoatanga ki ngā pūnaha tautau tohu whāititanga o tau tupurangi i roto i te whānui i te kore ki te kotahi rau. I muri i te hoki mahi ki te toru o nga poraka, a roto i reira - atu i runga i te rima o.

5. I roto i tenei poraka "Whakarerekētanga" rite taumahi tuhituhi te tukuna ki te huānga muri.

6. Ko te "Opaniraa" hua ngā mōhiohio whakaatu e pā ana ki te tirotiro o te ngohi hou i roto i te aroturuki, aru e te aronga o te poraka o mua. Next - te huānga whakamutunga.

7. "Whakamutua" o te hātepe.

I runga i te pūtake o te hoahoa poraka o ngā wāhanga o te hōtaka, e ka whakarato mahi aroaro hātepe.

"Whakatika Hoahoa Poraka"

Ki te kei te miharo koe e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te hanga i te tūtohiripo, kia mohio ai koutou e reira e ngā hōtaka motuhake e kua hangaia ki te waihanga me te whakatika i enei pūnaha. Haratau o māngai whakairoiro o te hātepe kei e kore te te kaiwhakamahi e here ana ki te wetereo reo hōtaka motuhake. tūtohiripo hanga ōrite e tika ana mō ngā reo katoa (hei tauira, C, Pascal, BASIC, me ētahi atu). I tua atu, ka taea te whakamahi i te ētita mo te Tūtohi me kaupapa whakaū rawatanga anō. Ko tenei hōtaka he pūmanawa motuhake. E whakarato ana i te huinga kanorau o taputapu e tika ana mō te hanga flowcharts, e hanga ana e ia watea atu, whakaritea ki tikanga ētita image. kōwhiringa atu tukua ki a koe te arotau i te tukanga o te tā ake te pūnaha me tona huringa atu i roto i nga mahi, me ngā tukanga o te reo papatono. I tua atu, i te ētita tūtohiripo tuku te huinga o tauira e taea tino tere ake te mahi te kaiwhakamahi tauhou. Kei te mohiotia te reira e te hanga o te hātepe maha ngā hanganga auau whakamahia, hei tauira, he momo o kōwhiringa huringa, kē (oti, me te oti), Pekanga maha, me te ake. Ko te ētita taea tohatoha whakamahia pinepine i roto i te wāhanga ngā tūtohi rere, me te tāpiri ratou i roto i te hoahoa i hanga. whakaora nei ia koutou i tenei i te tuhi ia ratou i te wahanga ia wa. I tua atu, mā te whakamahi i te ētita, ka taea e koe te kawemai i te mahi me ngā tukanga whakatinana i roto i tetahi reo hōtaka mohiotia. he pai hoki pāhi hanganga hātepe papatono, i roto i te reo tauhou te i tuhituhia tenei kōwhiringa. whakaritenga pūnaha o te hōtaka i raro i te whakaaro ko te tino haehaa, kia taea e koe te whakamahi i te reira i runga i tetahi rorohiko whaiaro.

mutunga

Hei whakarāpopoto, kia tuhia te reira e te kaupapa taipitopito o te hanga hātepe tawhitotia. Ka rite ki te kore e rite ki te whakaahuatanga o te tukanga ngā ratou. I pai, he tika ana mō tīmata whakangungu e kore e nei e matau me pehea ki te whakaaro algorithmically hoahoa poraka. Marohi ki ko nga āhuatanga o koutou ihirangi reo taumata-tiketike i roto i tona wa, whakauru reira tauākī reo mīhini ki ngā rōpū motuhake. I te kau, hāngai ia huānga whakairoiro ki te kaiwhakahaere motuhake. Na meinga ana ia he tohu i roto i te tupurangi, me tino nui - he mahi horihori i tuhi, i nei e taea ngāwari e koe te kore. I teie mahana noa hei whakawhitinga raina i näianei, mai te kua tautuhi ia kaiwhakahaere. I roto i te meka, te hanga kauwhata o te ngakau hātepe nui atu i roto i te mahi. Kaihātepe ki wheako whānui i mua i te tuhituhi koe i te hōtaka e varavara kumea te hoahoa poraka. A, no te titau i te paerewa o te whakahaere i te hātepe kauwhata, ka peita i te reira i muri i te otinga o te mahi.