Ngā momo o papanga waihanga, ratou āhuatanga

Kua pa hangarau Modern ao katoa o te mahi a te tangata. Pea te ahumahi pueru - te tauira tino a Tūrongo, o te pūtaiao i roto i te mahi o te whare rā. Nā ki te ariā matū o te tangata ako ki te whakaputa i muka ki ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana. Me wehewehe tatou papanga horihori me te waihanga.

muka waihanga hanga i waerau whakaputaina e etahi tauhohe matū. Ko te rauemi raw hoki reira he hinu, hau tūturu waro ranei. O papanga waihanga ki ngā āhuatanga motuhake hangaia kakahu, kakahu paruru hoki ngā āhuatanga tino, āhua.

E whakaputaina e te tukatuka tinana o ngā rauemi mata muka waihanga. Kei te viscose whiwhi te tauira o te papanga taua pai mohiotia i cellulose (rakau).

Papanga hanga i muka waihanga i te maha o ngā huapai me ngā huakore whakaritea ki ngā rauemi māori.

āhuatanga General o muka waihanga

Ahakoa ratou kanorau katoa, te nuinga o kirihou i ngā āhuatanga noa. Na roto i te papanga waihanga painga ngā kounga.

• Mauroa. Kua pai ake papanga horihori kākahu ātete, e kore e pirau, kino i pests me pakete. hangarau bleaching Motuhake me te tae muri o muka whakarato pa kaha tae. Ētahi rōpū papanga waihanga iu ki te rā.
• Hanga. Clothing hanga o ō ata whakaaro nui iti atu i ona ritenga taiao.
• hohoro maroke. e kore e te nuinga muka waihanga mimiti makuku ranei i ngā āhuatanga atiati wai, i.e. whai he hygroscopicity iti.
• Nā ki nui-tauine production ahumahi me te feedstock utu iti, he iti i roto i te utu te kopa tino horihori. I roto i te hanga whiwhi hua tiketike, me te utu iti, e whakaihiihi ana te whanaketanga o te ahumahi. He maha ngā kaiwhakanao whakahaere i nga āhuatanga hangarau o te rauemi i roto i runga i te hiahia o ngā kiritaki nui.

E meinga e te tauwehe e kia te rauemi tāwhaiwhai he mana kino i runga i te rauropi ora kino.

• Ō kohikohi hiko pateko (uira).
• kia wheako koe mate pāwera, hypersensitivity ki wāhanga matū.
• e kore e te nuinga o te kopa horihori mimiti makuku - fakatatau, e kore mimiti werawera, me te whai i ngā āhuatanga akuaku iti.
• Kaua e tukua te rangi - he nui hoki te hanga o kakahu, me te rinena ano hoki reira.

Ētahi āhuatanga o muka waihanga taea whai tikanga e rua pai, me te kino, i runga i te rauemi e whakamahia ana rānei. Hei tauira, ki te kahore he breathable te papanga, ko reira unhygienic hoki kākahu rā. Engari e waiho rawa e tika ana ki te tiaki ki ngā āhuatanga huarere kino nga kakahu o runga o te rauemi taua.

Production o te kiko waihanga

Ko te Mua tuatahi mo te tenenga o muka waihanga pā ana ki te wā o te 30-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga. I roto i 1932 i roto i Germany kua taukei te hanga o pvc muka. I roto i te tau 1935, i roto i te taiwhanga o te kamupene American synthesized Dupont polyamide. huaina te rauemi ko "nairona". production ahumahi anga te reira i roto i 1938, me te tau i muri mai, i whakamahia whānuitia ia i roto i te ahumahi pueru.

Ko te kaupapa here Soviet o introduction whanui o te whakatutukitanga o te matū i riro i roto i te 60raa. I te tīmatanga ō mohio a rite te whakakapinga cheap mō papanga māori, me te ka timata te reira ki te kia whakamahia mo te hanga o kākahu me whakawa tiaki. Ki te whanaketanga o te turanga pūtaiao ka anga ki te waihanga papanga ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Ko te waerau pūrākau i painga mâro-i runga i papanga tūturu: he mama, kaha me te ake ātete ki te waikura ratou.

rerekē papanga horihori me te waihanga i roto i te tikanga o te hanga, me te ōhanga o te hanga kuputohu. He ngawari te me atu wātea rauemi Raw mō te hanga o ō, na kua riro tenei peka o te ahumahi matua i roto i te whanaketanga. Macromolecules muka synthesized i iti pūhui taimaha rāpoi. hangarau o nāianei whakarato he rauemi ki te āhuatanga këtia.

Ngangana i hanga i aua mea rongoā ranei. kia ratou kotahi, matatini ranei i te puka o paihere o muka ki te whiwhi i te tetahi te roa (ka o ratou hua miro). kakawaea I tua atu i hanga rauemi kiriata me moldings (tūemi o kakahu me hu) o te papatipu waihanga taketake.

momo o ō

I tēnei wā whakaaro e rave rahi mano o muka matū, me kei te putanga rauemi hou ia tau. E ai ki te hanganga matū o nga mea katoa o papanga waihanga e wehea ki e rua ngā rōpū: waro roa me te hetero. Kei te wehea ia rōpū ki subgroups e whai āhuatanga tinana, me te mahi rite.

ō carbon-mekameka

Matū mekameka macromolecule carbochain kiko waihanga ngā tino o ngā ngota waro (waiwaro). I roto i te rōpū ko te subgroups e whai ake nei:

• polyacrylonitrile;
• polyvinyl pūhaumāota;
• polyvinyl waipiro;
• polyethylene;
• polypropylene.

ō hetero

Tenei papanga hanga o muka waihanga, te hanganga rāpoi o e, ki te kahore hoki ngā ngota waro ngā atu huānga: hāora, hauota, köwhai, māota, whanariki. Enei inclusions hoatu te rauemi tīmata o ngā āhuatanga atu.

Ngā momo o ngā rōpū hetero papanga waihanga:

• pareaku;
• polyamide;
• polyurethane.

Lycra: papanga polyurethane waihanga

Ingoa whakamahia corporations arumoni: spandex, lycra, spandex, neolan, dorlastan. miro polyurethane ahei o reversible deformation aunoa (pērā i rapa). Elastane ahei totoro 6-7 wa, e hoki ana ki te āhua free tuatahi. He he pūmautanga waiariki iti: te whakanui ake i te pāmahana ki +120 ° C te muka mona tona elasticity.

E kore e nga kakawaea polyurethane whakamahia i roto i te āhua parakore - e whakamahia ratou rite navivaya tinana a tawhio noa te tahi atu muka. He rauemi kei roto i taua muka waihanga, he elasticity, pai totoro, rapa, ātete ki te abrasion, pai rangi uruhanga. Tūemi ki te tua o kakawaea polyurethane kikokiko kore faarahi me te pupuri i te āhua taketake, ātete ki te marama, kia mau ratou tae taketake. Kei te kore tino tūtohutia te papanga ki te whakawiri, tea, maroke i roto i te puka totoro.

Capron: polyamide waihanga

i tika ki te rōpū amide, wahi o te papanga te ingoa o te rauemi. Ngaiaku me nairona - nga māngai o tenei rōpū pai-mohiotia. āhuatanga matua ngā: nui haere te kaha, mau pai ona āhua, e kore e pirau, ngāwari. I te wa, whakakapi nairona hiraka, whakamahia hoki te hanga o parachutes.

I waihanga polyamide muka pēne ātete iti ki pāmahana piki (tīmata rewanga i +215 ° C), tahuri ratou kōwhai ki te marama, me te i raro i te mana o te werawera. E kore e te rauemi mimiti makuku me te hohoro maroke kohikohi hiko rerekore , me te kino tonu te wera. Mai i reira hua tarau me rēkena. E faaterehia te hanganga o te nairona me te nairona papanga i roto i te nui o 10-15%, e faarahi te kaha o ngā rauemi māori, kahore impairing ratou āhuatanga mā. O taua rauemi hua tōkena me te knitwear.

Ētahi atu ingoa hokohoko o waihanga Rōpū rauemi polyamide: anide, Perlon, Meryl, Taslan, Horano me helanka.

Velsoft - papanga matotoru ki te moenga, whakataetae Mahra. Mai i tuitui reira kakahu tamaiti, kakahu me kahu moe, tūemi kāinga (tauera me paraikete). Ko ahuareka ki te pa te rauemi, e kore te hau pai uruhanga mingimingi, e kore e holomui, e kore e memeha i te reira. Ko reira ātete ki te horoi, hohoro maroke. e kore e image tāngia memeha i runga i te wā.

Pareaku: muka pareaku

pareaku waihanga he elasticity tiketike, kakahu ātete, e kore e noho i te reira i te kiko kore kōpenupenu a pai pupuri i to ratou āhua. Ko te painga matua i roto i te rite ki ētahi atu rōpū papanga waihanga - ake resistance wera (te tu i runga i +170 ° C). Material pakeke, e kore e mimiti makuku, e kore e kohikohi puehu, e kore memeha i roto i te ra. I roto i te puka parakore te whakamahia reira ki te hanga ārai me pihi. I roto i te ranunga ki muka māori whakamahia mo te hanga o te ahu, me te kākahu papanga, me te rauemi, me ki koti huruhuru tāwhaiwhai. muka pareaku whakarato ātete ki te abrasion me te pae, me te ngangana tūturu meinga akuaku, e whai kahore papanga waihanga. Ingoa o papanga o ngā rauemi pareaku: pareaku, pareaku, tereaku, Trevira, tergalii, diol, takaaku.

Huruhuru - waihanga papanga pareaku ngohengohe e titiro rite te huruhuru. huruhuru kakahu maeneene, marama, mahana, breathable, rapa. Ko te rauemi ngāwari te hōroi, hohoro maroke me e kore e hiahia ana auri na. e kore e huruhuru meinga mate pāwera, na kei te whakamahia whānuitia reira mo te hanga o te kakahu o ngā tamariki. Neke atu i te wa, hora te kikokiko, me te mona tona āhua.

hanga Polisatin o pareaku i roto i te puka parakore ranei i roto i ngā ki te miro. Material matotoru, maheni, me te paku pīataata. hohoro maroke, e kore e noho iho, e kore e kakahu, e kore e whakahekea. Whakamahia hoki te hanga o te moenga rinena, hua whare (pihi, tupenu'ufi'ufi, upholstery mo te taonga), kākahu kāinga, neckties me pohewa. kaitaka tenei ra tino hira ki 3D-tuhi te hanga i te polisatina.

Kiriaku: rauemi polyacrylonitrile

Hoki ngā āhuatanga aunoa rite ki nga muka o huruhuru, kiriaku reira ētahi wā ka kīia ki rite "huruhuru hipi horihori". Ko te waihanga ātete ki te rā, ko reira wera-ātete, mau pai tona āhua. e kore e mimiti makuku, uaua, te uira, mau te reira.

Kei te whakamahia i roto i te huinga ki te papanga huruhuru mo te hanga o te taonga, mattresses tamaiti, kakahu tuitui me te ahumahi huruhuru tāwhaiwhai. e kore e kiriaku hanga pire, e hanga ana e ia he tua faufaa ki te miro huruhuru mō te pūāhuru. Mea i te miro iti totoro ngā, he ake roa, me te ono tekau.

ingoa Trade o ngā rauemi polyacrylonitrile: kiriaku, nitrone kashmilon, Dralon, Dolan, Orlon.

Spectrum me daynema: muka polyolefin

I roto i tenei rōpū, whakanuia polyethylene me te polypropylene muka. Ko te māmā o nga mea katoa o ō, e kore e nga rauemi polyolefin toremi i roto i te wai, i te hygroscopicity iti me ngā āhuatanga mātao waiariki pai, weu elongation he tata kore. Whai te pūmautanga pāmahana iti - ki runga ki te +115 ° C. E whakamahia ratou ka hanga i te rauemi apa-rua, tuitui hākinakina me kakahu hī, tātari me te upholstery, tarpaulins, whariki. I roto i te i ngā ki muka māori - mo te hanga o te underwear me hosiery.

Trade Ingoa: hihinga daynema, tekmilon, gerkulon, ulstren, kitea meraklon.

papanga waihanga Polyvinylchloride

Ko te tino ātete ki matū matū pukuriri, iti kawe ia hiko, me te tapepe ki te pāmahana (te ngaro i 100 ° C) te rauemi. I muri Tīngongo te maimoatanga wera.

I roto i te puka parakore te hanga reira o kakahu paruru. Ki te awhina o te papanga waihanga mātotoru - hiako tāwhaiwhai, hua ano huruhuru rūpahu me whariki.

Ingoa Trade: teviron, māota, Vignon.

muka waipiro polyvinyl

Tenei rōpū ngā vinol, mtilan, vinylon, kuralon, Vinalon. E ratou nga painga katoa o ō: roa, kakahu-ātete, ātete ki te marama, me te pāmahana pānga. E ai ki te whārōrō me te elasticity he toharite. He āhuatanga motuhake - he absorbent, hua o tenei rōpū o papanga waihanga i te hygroscopicity tiketike, i rite nei ki nga āhuatanga o nga hua miro. I raro i te mana o te vinol wai roa, me te paku Tīngongo, heke tona kaha. Ina whakaritea ki ētahi atu muka matū, he reira iti ātete ki te whakaeke matū.

Kei te whakamahia Vinol mō te hanga kakahu, underwear, i roto i ngā ki te miro, me te viscose - mo te hanga o te hosiery. E kore e paheke te rauemi, e kore te muru ano, te mea he mōhinuhinu pai. Te kore o ngā hua i vinola - ratou hohoro riro paru.

whakamahia Mtilan ki te whakaputa i sutures hāparapara.

Ko te huinga o muka rerekē whakarato āhuatanga hangarau ngā. He tauira a Tūrongo - e whānuitia mohiotia microfiber tenei ra. Kei te hanga te reira o te huinga o te nairona, me te pareaku muka. e kore te microfiber totohu, e kore e whakahekea, he taonga hygroscopic tiketike, ko te kupu hohoro maroke. Kei te whakamahia te reira mo te hanga o papanga whenu, whatu me te papanga whatu-kore. Tei runga i te matotoru, me te muka whakarerekētanga rerekē te mārū me te mauroa o te hua whakamutunga. e kore te microfiber i konatunatua ki ētahi atu muka, maimoatanga o ngā hua , ko te tino māmā - e kore e ratou wehi o horoi, horoi maroke me ngā pānga pāmahana. Ki te pera maha kōputaputa rangi, tauturu te papanga ki te mau tonu te pāmahana tinana tino pai, engari i te wa taua tino tiaki i te hau. hanga microfiber te takaro me te kakahu o waho, papanga kāinga, tauera, me ngā kāri mō te horoi.

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, whānui e nga muka matū synthesized whakamahia i roto i te hanga o taonga ahumahi marama. O hanga ratou takaro me te kakahu, papanga hoki taonga me te whakapaipai roto o nga whare, te whānuitanga katoa o te kakahu tüao, i underwear ki ngā rauemi mō te koti me te huruhuru faux. riro papanga Modern he maha o painga e kore e e wātea ki o ratou matua: e taea e ratou hygroscopic, "manawa" me te pupuri pai wera. Ko te huinga o ngā weu i roto i te miro kotahi, me te te hanga o papanga maha-apa tukua kaiwhakanao ki te whakatau tino i te mau titauraa o te ao hou.