Patereareha Filaret: poto biography, mahi

History mohio maha ngā tuakiri rongonui o tozkami ingoa mahi i roto i te kotahi ruri o mahi, a, ahakoa, faufaa huarahi rerekē ki te huri i te akoranga o te hītori.

Patereareha Filaret, nga tau o te ora i orua ki te wā o te nekehanga pāpori nui, ko tetahi o nga whika tino tautohetia i roto i te aamu Russian, nei mahi me te hiranga hītori mo te katoa o Russia uaua ki te aromatawai i tautika. Otiia, kua tino puta ke tenei tangata te akoranga o ngā kaupapa tōrangapū, me te pāpori, matua mahi i roto i nga ngākau nuitanga o tona hapu, a ka whakarato he tūranga u o te whare Romanov i runga i te torona.

I roto i tona ora, Patereareha Filaret Romanov - i roto i te ao Fedor Nikitivich - ite mana mahi tūturu me te piki me ngā heke o te whai ake rua. Ka rite ki te tangata kore-fakalotú, engari ka tangohia e te pou o Metropolitan te take, i pupuri tonu ia i roto i te pa ki nga minita teitei o Moscow, hanga tika ia me te Honore te whakapakoko e rite ana ki te mana o te tuatoru Patereareha o Moscow me Russia katoa. e kore tenei pūmanawa, kaha, te tangata hao taea noho i roto i nga meatanga o hītori.

Tona i'oa o te ingoa Monastic, karangatia whaiaro-rite ki te hua o te wahia Russian Siu Ekalesia , Patereareha Kievskiy Filaret, Mikhail Denisenko i te ao, e mohiotia hoki te tangata uninitiated hei kaitautoko u'ana o te tuakiri Ukrainian. Ko te hua matua o nga mahi o Patereareha Filaret ko ki te waihanga i tētahi motuhake Ukrainian Siu Ekalesia me te tautoko tūmatanui o ngā mahi hōia i roto i te tonga-rawhiti o Ukraine. Ia faaite nuitia tona huru kino ki Putin i muri i te mharahara o te Crimea. Patereareha Filaret, Ukraine, kia rite ki nei kia motuhake, me te motuhake te whakaaro, e mohiotia pai hoki tona tauākī kino ki ētahi atu rangatira.

Ko nga mea katoa i reira, engari e korero ana mo te rangatiratanga o Ukraine, tohe Filaret te ngākau nuitanga, tuatahi, me te tuatahi, te nuinga o tangata o tenei whenua, na i roto i tenei kuputuhi, kahore he rapu hoki nga parau mau tapu, engari i reira ko te huinga o meka ki te whānuitanga hope ki te kia maheni ki te ora taonga o te rangatira i te pae varua.

Pēteliake Filaret Romanov: whakapapa me te whānau

kihai i ngāwari te ora o te tohunga. he nui Haurongo Patereareha Filaret no ko ia te iramutu o Anastasia Zakharina, St. George - te wahine tuatahi o Ivan te Terrible. Ko te kupu, piri te hapu Romanov te whare o tsars Russian. Rhode Anastasii Zaharinoy (aka St. George o, Cat) i roto i te mahi o nga rangatira Moscow i te rau tau 14. Kua nui haere te uara o tenei hapu i runga i te poari o te whenua mai 1584, ka mahue Ivan Grozny ki te tama underage Theodore kaitiaki boyar Nikita Romanovich, mate tona teina, Anastasia, ko tona ingoa poke ko te pūtake mo te rongonui o te whānau Romanov.

Whanaungatanga Godunov ko Romanov kihai i kaikiri. I te anga ke, ka te koroneihana Boris Romanov hoatu maha haamaitairaa, heoi kihai i taea e faaiti te reira i te tipu pakanga mo te torona.

Rangatahi me tamarikitanga

whanau Fedor Nikitivich Romanov i roto i 1553. Ki te fakamāmaní tahuri mahi o te ngakau, e kore Fedor Nikitivich hiahia ki te tango i tetahi e lakanga fakataula'eikí. I roto i tona tamarikitanga, ko ia tetahi o te tino rongonui Moscow Shchegolev.

Riro te mātauranga pai, te aroha tūhono pai mō ngā pukapuka me te aroha mo te kakahu fakamāmaní, ara ako Fedor Nikitivich Latin, hanga ki he te awhina o rawa tuhituhia pukapuka Latin hoki ia. E ai ki hono to'utangatá, ko ia pākiki, ataahua, tupato, me te hoa tangata taitamariki.

Metropolitan o Rostov

Ka rite tetahi o nga hoariri matua o Boris Godunov, Fedor Nikitivich ki te toenga o nga Romanovs me maha atu hapu o boyars i roto i 1600 i waiho i raro ia ki te manakohia kingi. Kua hoatu e te tukanga he kupu teka. Theodore i panaia tonsured rite te moke me whakahekea ki te raki o te rangatiratanga,, i Antony o Siya Monastery, kei 90 kiromita i Kholmogory. I roto i nga wa mua, te tonsure Monastic ko te tikanga o te hau i te tangata o te mana tōrangapū. Fakataha ki te hanga i te ingoa hou, riro hoki Filaret Romanov aroha me te tautoko o compatriots tonoa ki whakaraua rite te uri kingi, me te tika kingi o Russia.

I roto i te ohu whakapono, ko te Metropolitan heke mai i raro i te tirotiro tino - rangatira pirihimana ki te aukati i tetahi o ona mahi motuhake, i tonu amuamu ki Moscou i tona riri. Otiia ngaro te nuinga o katoa Filaret Romanov tona utuafare.

Pipiri 30, 1605 i muri i te d'Etat tahuritanga ki hōnore i hoki mai Filaret ki Moscou i nga Tika o te whanaunga pohewa kingi teka Dmitry, a i roto i 1606 ka e ia Metropolitan o Rostov. I muri i te hurihanga o te taata faahua i te 1606 Filaret, i roto i Moscow, i tonoa e ia ki a Uglich tinana o Prince Dmitry Ivanovich i te aronga o te hou Tsar Vasily Ivanovich. I ko Filaret i Uglich, hakeaki'i Shuya ki te pou o Patereareha o Moscow Kazan Metropolitan Heremokeni, a haere ana Fedor ki te tohaina i raro i tona Protectorate o te tari i roto i Rostov te nui, te wahi noho ai ia tae noa ki 1608.

takahanga Tushino

Nā ki te nau fehi'a o te taupori ki Shumsky, me te putanga i runga i te scene tōrangapū o te taata faahua hou, whakatata ope tutu hōia Moscow iho. Patereareha o Moscow wawe tonoa e te kāwanatanga o te whakaritenga, i whiua archpastors inoi mo Tsar Vasily, a whakaahuatia te akoranga o ngā. Patereareha Filaret, he haurongo poto e kua atarua meka mahu'inga, korero e pā ana ki te āhua o puranga ao, te whakatikanga ake Bolotnikov kēnge "tahae Tushino", i runga i nei noho ia mateaki ki te kingi, a muri i tukua e ia. I roto i te 1608, ka mau te iwi o te Tuarua teka Dmitry Rostov, pa kua ururuatia, ka i riro, ka tangohia ki whakaweti Tushino puni Patereareha Filaret.

I roto i te Tushino timata taata faahua, me ana tangata ki te hoatu Fedor hōnore tika me i homai te taitara o "Filaret, Patereareha o Moscow." Käore e kore e kore i mauruuru Feodor Nikitivich tenei tūranga - i roto i Tushino tona blyuli ka puritia e te kaha. Tiwhikete, kua tae nei tatou i te 1608 - kihai i o 1610 hoatu te tika ki te whakapuaki i Filaret (te Patereareha o Moscow) katoa etahi hononga ki te hahi, me ngā take tōrangapū - i runga i te anga ke, Paikeru - Patereareha tika o Moscow - whakaaro ko ia he patunga o te āhuatanga.

I roto i te Maehe 1610, i muri i te tiango o Filaret Tushino puni i riro ia i nga amo, me uvezon ki Hohepa Volokolamsk ohu whakapono, engari hohoro rere atu ki te tautoko o Gregory Volueva wehe, me, i muri i hoki mai ki a Moscow, i roto i te taua hōnore i te pīhopatanga Moscow.

diarchy

I roto i te Mahuru 1610 Filaret ko Prince Golitsyn kua oho i roto i te "Embassy Grand" i Moscou ki Smolensk ki te whakatau ki a Kingi Sigismund, i muri i nei tono tangata mai tera ki a Poland rite herehere. I roto i te whakarau waru nga tau pau Filaret, a ka hokohokona i roto i 1619, a ka tangohia tonu ki Moscow, te wahi i noho ai ia i runga i te torona tana tama ake narodoizbranny Mikhail Fedorovich, i roto i te tikanga ki te noho i te wahi takoto kau o te Moscow Patereareha. I roto i te 1619, i runga i Hune 24 i te whakaaro Cathedral i huaina ia ki te paetukutuku - ". Patereareha Filaret o Moscow me Russia Katoa" Na ka karanga a Filaret te taitara kingi "Ariki nui", ka anga whakahaere rite hahi, me te āhua.

Ko te kupu, i roto i Moscow, i whakapumautia rua mana mo te wā o te 14 nga tau, i roto i nei i te mana kāwanatanga teitei te kingi anake me te Zemsky Sobor, me te pukapuka o te patereareha papa ki te tama, haamatara i te emepera te mana o te pānga pēteliake i runga i te whakahaere o fetu'utaki mo e kakaí, ka i roto i to ratou taatoaraa whakaahua i te mahi o Patereareha Filaret .

Tumu kōrero mohiotia conciliar whakawa i roto i te 1619, e "rite te ustroiti whenua", i hanga nei e manatu "tuhinga" patereareha. I roto i te reira aromatawaitia tika te mana pāhiwihiwi pūtea, me te taonga o te taupori i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te kingitanga, na reira, kua riro taua mehua pērā i:

• tau tuuraa tika o ngā ratonga o te whenua;
• whakahiato rārangi tika o tuatapaparaa o te whenua, me te whakamahi ia ratou ki te whakatutuki i te taake pupirikana-aufauraa i tika;
• maka ana i roto i te ti'araa rite afata tao'a moni, me ona rauemi heke mai mō te whakatau moni me utu;
• whakatamarikitanga o mehua tūturu mo te whakakorenga o he whakahaere, te ārai i te whakatūnga o te kāwanatanga me te tikanga pāpori i roto i te whenua.

whaia enei whakahaere katoa he whāinga kotahi - ki te whakapiki ake i moni kāwanatanga i te ara māmā, me te tika mo te taupori.

patronized hoki Fedor Nikitivich patotuhinga, me te haamau'a no whakatika tuhinga tawhito mō hapa.

whakahou whakahaere hahi

Events Patereareha ora oro o tona kaipakihi tōrangapū me te takawaenga mohio. Ngākau nuitanga ki te whakapakari i te mana dynastic mea akiaki e ki ia e whakatika ta ratou mau tautooraa katoa ki te whakahaere i nga take o te kāwanatanga i roto i i ko ia rangatira taea, me te maite. Ko te tangohia o mātauranga minita, ko ia ngā whakamutua ano, me te tūpato i roto i mau ohipa hahi. I roto i tenei rohe, Filaret tiaki e pā ana ki te tiaki o te keresetiano, a ka rapu hoki te ati nui mo te Polish-Lithuanian noa atu. Hoki te okiokinga, ka haere ia mo ngā hiahia o te hahi wā-poto, me te kore i riro takahanga mua. Ko te kupu, nga mahi tōrangapū o Filaret ko hahi hua, me te kaha. Mai i 1619 ki te 1633 tau o te kāwanatanga, ka pakari reira, a ka riro te tautoko i roto i te whānui porowhita o te taupori te whare Romanov, a ko te kaiaka hītori o Fedor Nikitovich tenei.

Hoki nga mea katoa e pā ana ki te karakia, me te tau tuuraa hahi, pai ia ki te kōrero ki a Moscow minita atu roaa te ingoa nui i roto i tona taiao.

Family me ngā tamariki

Ka moe a Fedor Nikitivich te tamahine o te rangatira nui rawakore Kostroma Xenia Shestova. a ratou e ono tamariki. I muri i te whakama Borisa Godunova whānau Fedor Nikitovich, Xenia Ivanovna panaia tonsured rite te tāupo'ou i te ingoa o Mata, ka tonoa ki a Zaonezhsky Tolvuysky karakia. i tangohia Tama Michael me te tamahine Tatiana, me ki tati Nastasya ko Mata Nikitichna ki te kainga o Klina, i te mea i roto i te rohe Yuryev.

Filaret, Patereareha o Russia katoa, tonu i muri i tona whare hoki i whakaraua me te pakanga Polish mo te hanganga o te torona o tona tama Mikaera, tahuri ki te Regent fakapotopoto, me te tawainga.

Ko te mate o Patereareha Filaret Oketopa 1, 1633 tohua te mutunga o te mana rua i roto i te whenua, me te pae hopea noho i runga i te torona o te hapu Romanov, kingi tae noa ki 1917 te nuinga o te tau.

Ko te hiranga hītori o Filaret

Ka rite ki Regent o te punua Kingi Mikaera me rangatira märena de o te whenua, Patereareha Filaret mo tona hainatia pukapuka motu, me te hoki kua te taitara o te kingi nui.

Korero o Patereareha Filaret, e te nuinga kōrero korero e pā ana ki tona pumau o tā. Mai 1621 kalake kia karere āta ki te mahi i hanga o te kingi o te niupepa Russian tuatahi "orderlies pukapuka."

matau Patereareha te uara me te titiro atu i te whanaketanga o patu, me te rino, me te ahumahi maitai. Na reira, Andrew Vinius i 1632 riro whakaaetanga ki Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich ki te turanga o te rino, zhelezodetalnyh me patu wheketere tuatahi o Russia e tata ana Tula.

Pēteliake Filaret Kievsky: ko te whanautanga, me te whānau

Ko te tuatahi tenei tohunga i Ukraine. Patereareha Filaret o Kiev, i roto i te ao Michael Antonovich Denisenko, i whanau i roto i te utuafare o te miner January 1, 1929. Ko te wāhi o te kainga tohu Blagodatnoe kei roto i te rohe o Amvrosievsky o Donetsk rohe.

Ahakoa nga whakaritenga whakahauanga o te taurangi o te noho takakau, rite ki ngā pūrongo pāpāho, Filaret nuitia nuitia noho ki tona whānau - tuku tana wahine ki a Evgeniya Petrovna Rodionova, e mate i roto i 1998, me e toru tamariki - tamahine Tuí ko Love, me tama Anaru.

Studies, te ohu me te whakatamarikitanga o monasticism

Denisenko, i roto i te tau 1946 parau tuite i te kura nui, a i roto i te tau 1948 - te Odessa Theological Seminary, a ka uru ki te Moscow Theological Academy. I roto i te Hānuere 1950, ia, kia rite ki te sophomore, ka he moke, tango i te ingoa Filaret. i whakaritea Spring diakono, a i roto i 1952 i faatoro'ahia i te autahu'araa.

tūranga puritia me taitara

I roto i te 1952 riro Denisenko he tohu i roto i te teolosia, ka noho i te Moscow Theological Seminary ki te whakaako i nga karaipiture o te Faufaa New. I te wa ano ko Filaret te tumuaki mahi o te Tokotoru-St. riro Ahorangi Tuarua Kapa i roto i Maehe 1954.

I roto i August 1956,, rite Abbot, ka Filaret he kaitirotiro o te Saratov Theological Seminary, ka - te Kiev Theological Seminary. Whakahaere Tari o te exarchate Ukrainian tīmata ia i roto i 1960, he i roto i te ana'iraa o Archimandrite.

I roto i te 1961 whakaritea Denisenko Abbot ohu Russian Siu Ekalesia i roto i Arehanaria, te Patriarchate o Arehanaria.

I roto i te 1962, i whakaritea Filaret Pihopa o Luga, Leningrad minita o te pīhopatanga. I te wa ano i whakaritea e ia te kaiwhakahaere o te pīhopatanga Riga; te raumati o 1962 - Pariha o Central Europe exarchate; i roto i Noema o te taua tau ka ia episekopo o Vienna me Ateria.

I roto i te 1964, ka riro Filaret he wahi i roto i te Pariha o te pīhopatanga Moscow, a kua rite episekopo o Dmitrov ka te Rector o te Moscow Theological Academy me Seminary.

Mema o te Hinota Tapu whakaara ia ki te paetukutuku o Archbishop o Kiev me Galicia i 1966. I roto i te Hakihea o taua tau, ka Filaret te matenga o te Tari Kiev mo waho Ekalesia Relations o te Moscow Patriarchate. I roto i tenei wa titoa e ia o nga röpü o te Moscow Patriarchate o te Siu Ekalesia Russian me te Ukrainian Exarchate kua hanga e ahau haerenga tukurua noa atu, te whai wāhi i roto i Congresses, hui me hahi. I roto i te 1979, i whakawhiwhia Filaret te Order o Friendship o Iwi, me i 1988 - i te Order o Whero Banner o Reipa mō ngā mahi te rongomau, hohe.

I muri i te matenga o Pimen - Patereareha o Moscow me Russia katoa - Spring 1990 ka Filaret tenens e kairīwhi ana o te torona patereareha me tetahi o nga kaitono tino pea mo te tupuna, mo te pōtitanga i i huihui e te kaunihera ā-rohe. I roto i te Hune 1990, i pōtitia te upoko hou o te Siu Ekalesia Russian ki te karakia - Metropolitan Alexy II. I ngā wā, Heoi, ko reira Patereareha Filaret o i whakaaro Kievi me Ukraine katoa i muri i roto i te uara hierarch o te Ekalesia Russian me te mema tūturu kaha tino o te Hinota Tapu.

Filaret o te Siu Ekalesia Ukrainian rite te rangatira fakalaumālie

I roto i tenei wā, me te tautoko o Leonid Kravchuk Filaret timata ngā mahi e hāngai ana autonomization o te Ekalesia Ukrainian. korero Media e pā ana ki te timatanga o to ratou "hoa" whanaunga ara i roto i te mahi Denisenko i te Party Communist o Ukraine. Ki te karanga o te rangatiratanga o Ukraine i 1991, kaha whakaongaongatia Kravchuk te hanganga o te hahi motuhake, e kua he pūtake kēnana Ukrainian Siu Ekalesia - te Ukrainian Autocephalous Siu Ekalesia (UAOC) me kihai i te Uniate te tautoko e tika ana ki te whakarite kia te taupori iho motuhake. Ko te pānga i e te autocephaly kēnana hei rōpū motuhake o te Ước ka mimiti nga hahi katoa Siu i Ukraine, ka whakaiti i te taumata o fepaki ā-confessional.

I roto i te Hānuere 1992, ka huihuia Filaret episekopo i te hui, me te ki te tautoko o te inaianei Ukrainian te peresideni Kravchuk hanga he tono ki te Patereareha, te mau episekopo e katoa me te Hinota Tapu, i roto i i whakawakia e ia i te Russian Siu Ekalesia i roto i āta roa i te tukanga he whakatau pai i runga i te take o autocephaly o te Ước. kua Kaunihera o mau episekopo o te Siu Ekalesia Russian kua whakaarahia tenei take i roto i te puna o 1992 i roto i te ngaro o Filaret. I roto i te whakautu ki te tono i te Moscow Patriarchate Filaret i whakatupato ai e whakamahi ia mo te mana motuhake hei taputapu mō te whakapakari i to ratou kaha i roto i te whakahaere o Ukrainian Ekalesia i maka ana te pēhanga ki runga ki nga tohunga rohe ki te faahepo ia ratou ki te tautoko i autocephaly. I roto i te akoranga o tenei tautohetohe i whakawakia Ukrainian Patereareha Filaret o whanonga moepuku, me ona miscalculations matotoru i roto i te whakahaere, me te i hiahiatia ki te rihaina noa te pīhopa matua o te Siu Ekalesia Ukrainian. Filaret ia noa hoatu tona kupu ki te episekopo e kore e whakarite ia ngaahi fakafaingata'a'ia'anga ki te whiriwhiri noa o te Ekalesia Ukrainian i te tukanga o te whiriwhiringa o tona Hierarch Tuatahi hou, engari i muri i te ia kihai ia ki te wahi ki te pou o Primate o te Ước. I aru tenei e tona liaki o oati a te episekopo. Ko te kupu ka whakatika te wehewehenga fakalotu, mohiotia i roto i te hītori o 'Ofotokisií rite te "Filaret". Filaret ia te kaiwhakatika tona kupu whakaari taketake ki te pēhanga i te Siu Ekalesia Russian, a na reira whakaaro reira ä.

I roto i 1992, te Hinota Tapu o te Ước taea tonu nuku Filaret i tona pou rite Hierarch Tuatahi o te Siu Ekalesia Ukrainian me te tari Kiev. noho ia i roto i te āhua, engari kihai i whai i te tika ki te pupuri ratonga fakalotú, a i Pipiri o te taua tau i te mahi Ture o te Kaunihera o mau episekopo o te mau viivii tei tangata, tāwai, diktat, oati teka, me te tūtara tūmatanui o te Kaunihera o te mau episekopo, i hanga e te afa hahi, me te hoki hautū hei kanga kāwanatanga te autahu'araa, i hurihia Filaret ki tura, me tangohia o mana katoa o te autahu'araa e te mana e pā ana ki te noho i roto i te orometua.

I roto i te Hune 1992, kaitautoko o Filaret i kohia e uouangatahá Cathedral i Kiev. Tenei tohua te timatanga o te hanganga o te Ukrainian Siu Ekalesia Kiev Patriarchate (Ước-KP) i roto i te hanumi, o te tahi mau māngai o te Siu Ekalesia Ukrainian, no ki te Moscow Patriarchate me te Ukrainian Autocephalous Siu Ekalesia. I roto i te 1995, ka mau Filaret reira te pou o Patereareha.

February 19, 1997 Kaunihera o mau episekopo o te Siu Ekalesia Russian tu'usi i te hahi mo Filaret whakahaere ngā mahi motuhake i roto i te wā i waenganui i te Kaunihera.

Whanaungatanga ki Russia

runga Filaret kaitono tino pea mo te pou o te ROC, engari e kore rawa e tano tona kaitono katoa. whakatau he Motuhake me te riri meinga tona huru morare tinihanga, hao, ritenga, āhua noho ware me te noa.

I roto i te pōtitanga o te patereareha hou o te Ước tino kino ake ngaa reira te pakanga mo ratou avtonomizirovannost. Na ara i muri i te whakatamarikitanga o te Kaunihera 1990 o mau episekopo o te Russian Siu Ekalesia o te tikanga hou, me o Ukrainian Exarchate atu tika ki whaiaro kāwanatanga-a faaiteraa i roto i te ao hahi o ngā tikanga-motu o te rangatiratanga, me te mana motuhake o te whakahaere Ước me Filaret - te taitara "Metropolitan o Kiev ko Ukraine katoa," - e ia kihai i mutu ia ki te whawhai mo te rangatiratanga o te idealogii fakalotu Ukrainian inaianei - i roto i te ora tūmatanui, me te pāpori.

whakapono Patereareha Filaret Russia te kaipahua, matua i roto i te pakanga i roto i te tonga-rawhiti o Ukraine, te kī e Russia ko te hoariri o te iwi Iukereiniana, kua mate ki te kore.

mohiotia whānuitia hoki maimoatanga tauutuutu o te Patereareha o katoa Russia Patereareha Filaret me Ukraine katoa. I roto i te reta ki te episekopo Iukereiniana o Moscow, ka karanga Patereareha mo te huarahi tautika, me te raupapa ki te pātai o tonu te tautoko o te pakanga i roto i te tonga-rawhiti o Ukraine, a ka karanga i roto i tenei uaua, manukanuka wā ki te whakakotahi i te hahi Russian katoa ki te taha pouri o te huru taata tangata, hanga i te inoi Karaitiana ao. Heoi, i roto i tona whakautu, kōrero ki te Moscow Patriarchate Filaret korero tōraro e pā ana ki te tūranga ROC, faautuaraa i korero e pā ana ki te eita o whakakotahitanga o enei hahi, me te tūranga whakakake o Patereareha o Moscow ki te faatura ki te Patriarchate o Kiev.

I roto i nga tau tata nei, e tika ana ki te haerenga auau o te Patereareha o katoa Russia Cyril i te fare hahi o Ukraine, pupuritia Patereareha Filaret he tawhiti tūpato i roto i whanaunga ki te ROC, whakapono ratou e pā ana ki te whakakorenga taea i te scene tōrangapū.