Pūhiko Graphene mō te waka hiko

He tokomaha e whakapono e te heke mai o te ahumahi automotive he hoki waka hiko. Abroad, i reira he pire i runga i nei kia wahi o te tau hoko waka rānei hybrids rere i runga i te hiko ranei, na haumi te moni i roto i te pānuitanga o cars kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te hanga o teihana hau.

Heoi, kei te tatari tonu nga iwi maha mo te waka hiko ka waiho whakataetae tūturu ki waka tuku iho. Ranei pea ka waiho reira ka te heke te wa ka tohutohutia, a ka whakanui i te ora pūhiko? Pea ka āwhina i tenei pākahiko Graphene tangata.

He aha te mea Graphene?

he whakatupuranga hou o te rauemi pāhoro, te māmā me tino roa, tino electrically conductive - te reira katoa e pā ana ki Graphene, i te mea e kore neke atu i te mea ripekapeka e rua-ahu o te waro kotahi noa ngota matotoru. Ko te kaihanga o te Graphene, Konstantin Novoselov ko Andre Geim, riro te Nobel. Ko te tikanga, i waenganui i te tuwhera, me te timatanga o te whakamahi mahi o tenei kitenga i roto i te mahi rere hoki te wa roa, te tahi mau taime noa tekau tau, Heoi, Graphene e kore mamae te taua e pa ana. Mahalo ko e tika ana ki te meka e kore Geim me Novoselov huna ona hangarau production tenei.

Ratou e kore anake korero e pā ana ki reira huri noa te ao, engari kua whakakitea ano hoki e reira ko te ataata i runga i YouTube, te wahi korerotia Konstantin Novoselov i taipitopito e pā ana ki tenei hangarau. Na pea hohoro taea ara hanga tatou pākahiko Graphene ki o ratou ringa ake.

hoahoa

Nganatanga ki te whakamahi i Graphene i roto tata mara katoa o te pūtaiao. tamata te reira i roto i pākahiko solar, taringa, take, me te tae noa tamata ki te hamani mate pukupuku. Heoi, i te kau kotahi o nga mea tino whaihua, me te tika ki te taata nei - te pākahiko Graphene. A haamana'o na e i roto i taua painga te whakakorekore rite te wahie cheap me taiao, waka hiko i te drawback nui - te tere mōrahi āhua iti, me te rahui mana o kore kiromita neke atu i toru rau.

Whakaoti i te raruraru o te rau tau

mahi pūhiko Graphene i runga i te parau tumu taua rite te mata ki te kawakore kawehiko waikawa ranei. Tenei parau tumu Ko te tauhohenga iahiko. E ai ki te pūrere pūhiko ko rite ki te lithium Graphene katote kawehiko totoka, te pitoiho he ai waro Coke, tata i roto i te hanganga ki waro parakore.

Heoi, inaianei i roto i Engineers whakawhanake Graphene pūhiko, i reira e rua aronga faufaa rerekē. Kua whakaarohia US aivanaa hanga te pitoiho o Graphene me silicon angiangi whakauruurutia ki ia atu, me te pitoake - o te konukurahina konukōhatu puāwaitanga. Kua kitea Engineers Russian tetahi otinga. kia whakakapia paitini, me te utu te tote konukōhatu ki te waikura konupora atu taiao, me te cheap. nui haere te kaha pūhiko e i roto i tetahi take e whakanui ake i te auau o te wahi o katote i tetahi kawehiko ki tetahi. tutuki tēnei no te Graphene he taupū tiketike te uruhanga me te kaha ki te whakaemi tiaki hiko.

E wehea whakaaro aivanaa i runga i te auahatanga: titau Engineers Russian e Graphene pūhiko i te kaha o e rua ngā wā neke atu i lithium-katote, engari o ratou hoa ke mea e i roto i kotahi tekau.

pākahiko Graphene hoatu ki production papatipu i roto i te 2015. Hei tauira, kua reira kua te kamupene Spanish Graphenano. E ai ki te kaiwhakanao, te whakamahi o enei pākahiko i roto i waka hiko i runga i nga mākete logistics whakaatu tūturu e taea mahi ki pitoiho Graphene pākahiko. Hei tino atu tenei reira anake e waru meneti. Ko te taea ki te whakapiki ake i te pākahiko Graphene hoki te roa ara mōrahi. Ka tohutohutia 1,000 km hei utu o rau e toru - e hiahia ana ki te whakahere kiritaki te kaporeihana Graphenano.

Spain ko China

Ki te Graphenano fāitaha kamupene Hainamana Chint, i hokona te 10% tĭtĭ i roto i te Spanish Corporation mō te 18 miriona euros. I ka te hanga tahi o ngā whakaurunga kia kawea atu ki e rua tekau ngā rārangi hanga o te tipu. Kua riro kē te kaupapa e pā ana ki te 30 miriona haumi, ka e kia whai mahi i roto i te tāutanga o te taputapu me te utu o ngā kaimahi. Ko te mahere taketake i ki te tīmata i te whakato ki te whakaputa i āhua 80 miriona ngā pūtau. I te wāhanga tuatahi, te mākete matua, ko te ki te riro China, a ka whakaritea ki te timata deliveries ki ētahi atu whenua.

I roto i te wā tuarua, he rite ki te haumi 350 miriona euros mo te hanganga o tetahi tipu, e ka e pā ana ki e rima mano kaimahi te kamupene Chint. e kore e maere enei whika ka whakaaro koutou e e waiho te moni katoa e pā ana ki toru piriona euros. I tua atu, China, mohiotia hoki ona raruraru ki te taiao, ka kia whakaratohia ki taiao-hoa, me te cheap "wahie". Heoi, ka rite ki taea tatou mau, i roto i te tua ki ngā tono nui-kōtaha, te marama i kore e kite i tetahi mea, anake te tauira whakamātautau. Ahakoa kua kauwhautia te Volkswagen Corporation tona hiahia ki te mahi ki a Graphenano.

Ngā tūmanako me te Reality

I roto i te iari i roto i te tau 2017, e te tikanga e rave Graphenano i "nui" hanga o pākahiko mō te rua tau, engari i runga i te ara ki te whakatau i te motokā hiko - he rarity mo Russia e kore anake. whakaritenga me raraunga katoa tukua e te kaporeihana, kaua kāore. I roto i te whānui, e kore ratou e haere ki tua atu i te whakaaro ariā tikanga e pā ana ki te mea e whai ngā tawhā he pākahiko Graphene mo te waka hiko.

I tua atu, pera tae noa katoa kua e kua aroaro ki e rua kiritaki me pūtea - ko te tauira rorohiko anake, kahore Momo tūturu. tāpiri reira ki nga raruraru me te meka e Graphene - he rauemi e ko te tino utu ki te whakaputa. Ahakoa te tauākī nui e pūtaiao i runga i pehea e taea e te reira "tāngia i runga i te turi", i tenei wā anake te whakahaere ki te whakaiti i te utu o etahi wāhanga.

Graphene me te ao mākete

mea Supporters katoa o ariā e whakatupu he e te tangata ahua pai o te motokā taua, no te mea ka haere te hinu ki te whakamārama, a ko te kupu heke me moni i tona production. Heoi, te nuinga pea, e fehangahangai Engineers ki etahi raruraru, engari e kore e hiahia ana ki te pānui i te reira. Ko te kupu "tīwae" Ko inaianei i te rongo, he tokomaha whakaaro reira he rauemi o te heke mai, na pea, e kore e aivanaa e hiahia ana ki te pahua i tona ingoa.

Raruraru i roto i te whanaketanga o

Heoi, kia te take, me e mea te tino auaha, reira, e titau te reira i te huarahi e tika ana. Pea kia faufaa rerekē i te tuku iho lithium-katote lithium-waerau ranei te pākahiko ki Graphene.

He he ano hoki tetahi atu ariā. ua faaite Graphenano Corporation e e whakatupato i te pākahiko hou i roto i te tika waru meneti. Tohunga whakau e he taea pono tenei, engari kia kaua e iti iho i te kotahi megawatt te kaha te mana supply, he reira taea ki te whakamātau i ngā āhuatanga i te tipu, engari e kore e ki te kāinga. Ko te hanga o te maha rawaka o teihana hau ki ka utu koe i te rota o te moni te aravihi, ko tino nui te utu o te tiaki kotahi, pera Graphene pākahiko mo te motokā e kore e kawea tetahi painga.

E whakaatu ana Practice e mo te wa roa tāmau te hangarau hou i roto i te mākete ao. He mea tika ki te whakahaere i te whānuitanga o ngā whakamātautau ki te whakarite haumaru hua, kia maha roa te tuku o ngā pūrere hangarau hou mō ngā tau e maha.