Pūnaha raihana Raihana: te ariā, te mahi taketake me ngā mahi. Normative mahi ture o te pūnaha raihana

Ko te ariā o te pūnaha raihana te tino maha whakamahia i roto i te tikanga whanui. E pā ana te reira ki te whakatūnga o te tikanga ture, me te ture e whakapūmau i te mana e te mana tūmatanui i runga i te kōmihana o etahi mahi ranei whiwhi mana motuhake e takitahi me hinonga ture. pūnaha raihana Raihanatanga ko te ture institution nui-tauine hipoki maha hononga ahumahi.

Ahakoa te meka i whakakitea te mahi o te pūnaha raihana i roto i te tuhinga pūtaiao rawa hohonu a tino, whakauaua korero kaituhi ture e pā ana ki te tūranga o te taha whakahaere i roto i te mahi o tikanga matatini. Na, he aha te mea he pūnaha raihana, he aha te mea tona āhua me ngā āhuatanga?

Poto i runga i nga mahi raihana o tinana kāwanatanga

E kawea mahi tukua Raihana me i anake i ngā māngai o ngā hanganga kaha nui, no te mea tona whakaaro taketake ko ki te whakarato haumarutanga i te taumata motu. Ko reira ngāwari ki te whakaae ki te meka e taea ara nga ao motuhake o ngā take hapori nui meinga kino ki te whai wāhi ratou i roto i kāhore, te tau'a ore i te ture, tikanga, paerewa. Ki te hunga e taea te pēnei ki te whakamahi o patu, hanga o te waka, me te pera i runga i. D. Fakatatau, ki te kawe i roto i taea anake e taua mahi ki te whakaaetanga o te mana mātau e hāngai ana.

Federal ture № 99 "I te raihana o etahi mahi" Ko te pūtake ture, me te ture tumu, whakamahia nei i roto i to ratou hanganga mahi ngaio whakatau, a ka kaimahi rite te apataki tika o te mau parau tumu o te mahi raihana i roto i Russia. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• ka u ai e mahi ki te ahua motuhake o te mahi, ko te taea i muri i anake whiwhi i te whakaaetanga - whakatōpū i roto i te ture tika kanga hāngai ranei;
• whakatinanatanga o te raihana me te tukua mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga o te tutu whakahaere;
• mana me te mātakitaki i runga i te hanganga ture ki te hinonga e kua riro te tukua e, ture hoki te whakatinanatanga o te mahi e hāngai ana;
• E kawea te whakamahi o mehua coercive ture ki tangata, me ofati ki te taunahatanga ture.

He aha te mea te raihana o te momo matua, me te whakaaro

I teie mahana, te nuinga o te tuku ingoa peeke raihana momo. I roto i tenei take, e whakamahia ana te tangata ingoa atu:

• te tika ki te whakahaere (waka);
• kātakí (ki te mahi i te mahi ki te mōrea tiketike);
• motunga (te noho rangitahi o te tangata ke i roto i te Russian Federation);
• tiwhikete tohu (te whakamātautau o te kāri atekōkiri).

Na, he mea nui ki te wehewehe i te tukua e puta ki tangata me ngā rōpū i roto i te anga o te pūnaha raihana, i te pānga o rite, engari ki te whakaaro rerekē. Hei tauira, whakaputaina te arata'iraa i runga i te pūtake o te whakamanatanga ture kotahi i roto i te taea o akina o nga kaiwhakahaere, me tetahi-wā tuku o ngā tuhinga pēnei i, mo te tauira, whakaaetanga mo te faaipoiporaa wawe, e kore e haafifi haumaru tūmatanui, a na reira e kore e rapua e te tirotiro muri. Ko tētahi atu tauira a Tūrongo - te tuhinga i runga i te mātauranga: he tītohu whakaatu ki tu'ite, taea te tangata ki te noho i tenei taua pou ranei. Ko, ahakoa te meka e kua e ia he pōkairua ora papa mutunga, he reira kahore taurangi o whakarite. Hoki te mahi o te tikanga, kia rite ki te tikanga, e rapu he raihana.

Āhuatanga mana tuku tuhinga rohe

tinana State he rawaka tohungatanga i roto i te mara ture, kua whakatutuki nga tukua e take kaupapa mō te mahi takitahi. E tano ia tapao e te raihana whakaputaina e te mana e hānga ana, e kore here rohe i runga i te whakamahi.

I roto i te take i reira puta te tukua e mana rohe i roto i te kaupapa i homai, ka taea e koe te whai wāhi i roto i te mahi e hāngai ana anake i roto i ona rohe rohe. Ko te kupu, ko te raihana (whakamanatanga) i roto i te pūnaha Moscow he maha o ngā rerekētanga i ngā pūnaha e rua mahi i roto i te tahi atu rohe o Russia, me te taimaha o ngā ōritenga kua. Hei tauira, i roto i te nuinga o ngā rohe Russian, i roto i te Vol. H. Na te whakapaipai, TSLRR whakahaere e whakarato te pūnaha kāwanatanga katoa raruraru-free raihana mahi tukua e. Mai i St. Petersburg ki Vladivostok, i Arkhangelsk ki Orenburg - Pokapū mō te raihana, me te tukua mahi whakarato tangata tohutohu i roto i te hoahoa o te tukua e.

Tika o te raihana tukuna

I te taumata e hānga ana riro te tukua e mo te tetahi ahua o te mahi e taea i te mahi a ake ake. I roto i te nuinga o te wā i te wā iti ko te kaupapa o te raihana wā-tau e toru. A, no te pau te raihana, e kore e kawea te mahi hāngai atu.

I roto i te hui o te huringa o te mahi e hiahia ana ki te anō-whiwhi tukua e mo te mahi. mahi pūnaha Raihana i roto i te aratau ngā o whakahaere, a reira ngā he maha o ngā mahi ture motuhake, te raupapa, me te parau tumu o te i whakaaetia e te mahi ture motuhake.

Wāhanga tukua te take: te ara ki te whiwhi i te raihana

Ko te ariā o "faatupu i te hanga o" kupu he hononga tata ki te whakamāramatanga o te pūnaha raihana, engari pērā tauturu te reira ki te whakaaro i te wā wāhi te tukanga whakahaere, me e tohu ia o ratou:

• mua - wāhanga take excitation;
• tirohanga taahiraa, ngā tohutoro mana mātau tuhinga, a na runga i d..;
• -Whakatau kaupapa, me tona whakatinanatanga;
• te mātakitaki muri o tautukunga ki nga ture o te hunga e riro te raihana ture.

raihana Production (tukua) pūnaha, i roto i ētahi wā, tā hoki te aroaro o takahanga atu: whakamanatanga (ki te taea ki te faaohipa mahi roa tukua), whakahoutanga o te raihana me te whakamahi o mehua coercive. Ko ēnei kaupae kōwhiringa, r. F. Whakatika i te whakatinanatanga o te kaupae o mua.

Me pēhea te ki te tono mo te whakaaetanga (raihana)?

Ko te timatanga o te hanga he kanga āhua faatia, e roto i te taha ki te moni tūmataiti, ngä arä ki te tono mo te raihana, a ka he faufaa ki te tukua excitation o te take. Na, tono i te kaupapa kia mua e te tetahi faaineineraa - te kohi o ngā tuhinga e hāngai ana, mehua whakahaere, utu ratonga mana pūnaha raihana, e kore e waiho ki runga ake i te iti rawa o toru nga wa te utu iti.

Mō te wahi o tuku tono tiwhikete rēhita pakihi, e ngā meinga mau ohipa hinonga kaha i runga i te pūtake whakahauanga ki whakaaro te pīra, me te ki te tirotiro mehemea te kaitono ranei tautuku ki ngā whakaritenga raihana, me te hāngai ki te pū e whakaratohia ana e te hōkai tīpakohia o te parau tumu o te Ture, te taiao, tikanga parukore me tohutohu ahi. I roto i ētahi wā, ki te tangata, ki te hoatu mua titauraa i runga i te wātea o ngā whakaurunga e tika ana, me to ratou taputapu hangarau, ngā tohu mātauranga, me pera i runga i. E., rite kitea i roto i 99 o te ture Federal "I raihana etahi momo o ngā mahi."

He aha te kore ki te puta raihana: Take

I roto i runga ki tenei tikanga i taua tautuhi nga ngā o te tono - i roto i te 30 ra, a tukuna nga tuhinga ki te tangata hiahia kia whakaaetia ranei whakakahore reira. Ko te take matua o whakatau kino o nga tinana mātau riro:

• te whakarato o te mōhiohio teka e te kaitono;
• taupatupatu o te kaupapa whakaritenga ā-ture, me ngā āhuatanga mō te whiwhi i te raihana.

He te wāhi whakamutunga pānga whānui, kia taea ngā reira te whānuitanga o ngā whenua mō te kore ki te tuku i te whakaaetanga mo te momo motuhake o te mahi. Hei tauira, i roto i te mau ture faatere i te mahi o te tūhuratanga tūmataiti me te tiaki o te kore ki te puta i te raihana ki te nei tangata:

• paearu hapanga tau (Me kia kaitono i raro i 21 tau);
• te kimi i te tangata i te fare ma'io te i roto i te whare hauora hinengaro maimoatanga tarukino ranei;
• tiaki o te hara, te ture taihara kiia;
• rekoata taihara;
• whakatā herea i roto i te ana'iraa o te pononga ture (i roto i te Vol. h. o te uruhi ture pokapū, marae), te take o nei i taea e mahi rite te hara faatitiaifaroraa tä.

Ki te pai te kaitono e te mana raihana-tukua e, kia tono ia ki te titauraa ki te whakahaere i tētahi whakamātautau motuhake. Ko te kaupapa e te tika, ki te whiriwhiri i te whakahaere ki te whakamanatanga e tika ana. kawea Examination i roto i roto i te iti te wā, e kore e e nui e rua nga marama i te rā o te whakatau kino i runga i te tono raihana.

whakaaetanga ki te riro pū pū

Ka rite ki te tikanga, kei te karauna nei te faaineineraa o te whakaaetanga kaitono te atamira whakahaere, engari i roto i ētahi wā roa te wāhanga whakatinanatanga o te otinga te. He tauira a Tūrongo, ko te tikanga whakaratohia 150 FL "I Weapons". I muri i te fariiraa i te puka, i te kaitono e te tika ki te whiwhi i te Pū, engari me rēhita i muri i te hoko i roto i te tari pirihimana mo nga ra 14 i muri. i muri anake e te rangatira o patu tukuna ki te tukua rokiroki. Ko te kupu, ko te pūnaha raihana mō patu o titauraa rerekē ki te hanga i tētahi mahi atu: tuatahi whiwhi whakaaetanga ki te hoko, a muri ia ia - i runga i te rokiroki.

I tua atu, i te wā o te mahi o te whakawa ki nga herenga o te Mana, i puta te raihana, ano kau tomo te raraunga e hiahiatia ana i roto i te Rēhita (mōhiohio e pā ana ki te raihana, te wā o te mana o te tukua e, he whakamārama poto o te momo o te mahi). Ka I muri i roto i te rēhita e hanga ki te raraunga i i whakatārewatia raihana reira, ahakoa nei hoki e ngawari ki te toe fakafoki kounutanga ranei. I roto i tenei take, e kore te kōrero i roto i roto i te rēhita he matatapu,. I te tono o tinana kāwanatanga me ngā pokapū uruhi ture whakaratohia te utu o te tiaki, ki ka whai takitahi me pakihi ki te utu i te utu i whakaritea ki te mōhio ki te kōrero i roto i te rēhita.

State mātakitaki o tangata e kua riro te raihana

pūnaha Raihana mō patu tā te huānga o te mātakitaki whakahauanga mo te whakatinanatanga o ngā tika a te rangatira ki te whakarite haumaru tūmatanui. Ki te te raihana ki te tuhinga fakangofua riro te tika ki te whai wāhi i roto i etahi mahi, ka whai i te tika ki te whakahaere i nga mana mātau, me te ki te tirotiro mehemea te nui i roto i te hanganga ture tonu ki ngā whakaritenga ā-ture, ngā ture, me ngā āhuatanga. I roto i 150 o te ture Federal "I Weapons" tohua e te rārangi o ngā tokanga'i e te pirihimana. Ēnei ngā patu kore anake (tae atu mahi, smoothbore, pītara hau, etc ..), Ko me paura, rauemi taikaha. I raro i te tirohanga o ngā take ā-pokapū he kamupene e hanga hoko patu ranei, me te hanga awheawhe patu toa, kamupene haumaru, pihinga awhe.

E te tika ki te mana mātau me te hanganga Interior Tāhuhu i te pūnaha raihana:

• inspections mau hooraa mō ngā mahi hanganga ture whakamana e te raihana, ngā whakaritenga ture;
• tukua atu he tono mo te raihana i te rangatira o nga uiui e tika ana, whakamārama;
• mahia kawa whakamātautau (i roto i Te Ohipa tohu nga hua, e whakarongo ki nga maumaui);
• hanga whakatau e rapu utu i te tangata tirotirohia ki te whakakore maumaui kitea i roto i te iti te wa;
• whakatūpato take i runga i te whakatārewatanga whakakorenga ranei o te tukua e.

pūnaha raihana Tumu me tona tūranga mo te kāwanatanga

He mātau, me te i roto i te tahi atu take e pā ana ki te mahi o ngā mahi hi'opo'araa pokapū ture uruhi. Ko te kupu, ko te pūnaha raihana (mana) a Russia e whai ana i whakaaro ārai rite hāngai ana i te ārai i te mau hopearaa nui o te tau'a ore i te ture ture, me te ture whakahaere i te ngā tukanga mo te tohanga, me te whakamahi o ngā mōrearea, matū, te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi, e he faufaa taketake mō te hapori hou. Raihana (raihana) pūnaha taea te kāwanatanga ki te objectify ratou ake tauira whakahaere me te ture-hanga i te āpiti mehua whakahaere e tika ana.

Tikanga, tinana raihana i te wa ano kawe i te mahi tirotiro whakahaere. ua titauhia tinana Ariki o te mātakitaki me te mana, i te āhua pūnaha tukua raihana ki te whakamōhio tāutuhia te mana raihana maumaui. tukua e Kaipupuri, i tahuri, e kore e tika ki te ārai i te mau ana i roto i o arowhai, kia whakarato te mōhiohio e hiahiatia ana, ka tuku tautoko tuhinga.