Robert Merton: he haurongo o te sociologist rongonui. takoha a Robert Merton ki te pāpori

Robert Merton - te sociologist rongonui, kaiako me te ahua ao, tetahi o nga kaitätari ārahi o te pāpori o te rau tau 20. Kua whakahaere ia tīrama ki te huri i ngā waiaro stereotypical, e roa puritia kaipūtaiao e kore te poto rereke herea e nga tikanga me ngā ture. Ko reira tinana tenei o te mahi, me te hanga e te pūtake mo ratou i roto i te National Medal 1994 mō te paetae pūtaiao.

Kua riro Merton maha tohu mo tona rangahau. Ko ia te pūtaiao pāpori tuatahi, i hanga te mema hōnore o te National Academy o Sciences me te māngai ke ki te Royal Swedish Academy o Sciences, whakaputaina ana e ia he maha o nga mahi mātauranga i runga i te ariā oraraa totiare, me te kōrero papatipu.

Neke atu i te 70 tau i hoatu e ia ana ākonga he kauhau pai i runga i te hītori, tuhituhinga, me te Etymology, rite pai rite te kaupapa oraraa totiare: mahi o te pāpāho, tinana o racism, ngā tirohanga pāpori, waho ki insiders.

Kia a ako atu e pā ana ki tenei tangata nui.

Robert Merton: A Biography

Fanauhia i roto i Philadelphia, Hōngongoi 4, 1910 i roto i te utuafare o manene Hurai. Ko tona papa he ahorangi o te pāpori i University Columbia, a hoatu ana tona whaea ratou kaha katoa i te mātauranga o ngā tamariki.

I kuraina i te kura nui Tonga Philly. I roto i tona tamarikitanga i kua e ia he manuhiri auau ki te whare pukapuka Endryu Karnegi i te Academy o Music, te Museum Art o me ētahi atu pokapū ahurea me te mātauranga.

I tau 14, ke e ia tona ingoa ko ki Merlin, i muri i tetahi o nga pūāhua tino ngaro i roto i nga pūrākau o Kingi Arthur. Otiia ka korerotia hoa ia e ko te reira rawa "makutu", a ka whakakapia e ia taua mea ki a Merton.

mahi mātauranga

Tona mahi oraraa totiare timata ia i raro i te aronga o George Simpson i College temepara me Pitirima Sorokina o University Harvard, e i whai wāhi i roto i te rangahau hōhonu me te tauanga.

I roto i te 1936, riro Robert Kingi Merton tona toketaá i University Harvard. I te 1939 ka e ia he ahorangi me te upoko o te tari o te pāpori i University Tulane, a i roto i 1941 piri te University Columbia. I roto i te 1963, riro ia he paetukutuku nui - he orometua whare wānanga.

mahi ia i roto i te wā i te tau 1942 ki te 1971 rite Tuarua Kaiwhakahaere o te Bureau o Applied Social University Research. Na tera ano hoki he pūkenga i te University Rockefeller. I te tau 1985, i roto i te āhukahuka o tona takoha tino taonga ki te pūtaiao me te wā roa-a mahi hua i University Columbia, whakawhiwhia e ia te taitara o Doctor o Pūtaiao.

I rua marenatia Robert Merton. i ia i tona faaipoiporaa tuatahi e rua tama a tokorua nga tamahine. Tana tama, Robert C. Merton i 1997 ka te rangatira i roto i te Nobel i Economics.

mate Robert Merton February 23, 2003.

Taonga me tohu

puritia i roto i tona mahi pūtaiao kua Merton maha ngā tūranga nui:

- Tuarua Kaiwhakahaere o te Bureau o Applied Social Research i University Columbia, (1942-1971 biennium).

- Kaitiaki o te Center mō te Ako Arā i te Pūtaiao Whanonga i University Stanford , (1952-1975 biennium).

- Peresideni o te American oraraa totiare Association (1957).

Kua riro hoki Robert Merton e rave rahi tohu runga:

- he karahipi whaimana i te Kaunihera o Tauturu haapii American (1962);

- Commonwealth paraihe mō whakatutukitanga tino i roto i te pāpori (1970);

- Makaratur Award i te kura puta (i roto i te 1980);

- Paraihe "Ko wai te wai i roto i Amerika" mo whakatutukitanga teitei i roto i te parae o tikanga ā (1984);

- i roto i te 1985, whakawhiwhia Columbia University a ia te taitara o Doctor o Pūtaiao.

Robert Merton: he takoha ki te pāpori

Ko te mahi pūtaiao o Merton te nuinga e arotahi ana ki te "ariā whānuitanga waenganui" o te whanaketanga. I roto i te reira, ka tohe ia pūtaiao ki te karo i te mau parau haapiiraa rahi natulá, me te waitara, me te uiui kāhui e he pea ki te arahi ia ratou ki ngā hua hua.

I tonu te ākonga paetahi i Harvard University (1936), i roto i tona tuhinga "Hanganga Social me Anomie" tuhituhi ia e pā ana ki te awhe o whanonga Deviant me taihara. He wāhanga nui o te haere tonu "āwangawanga oraraa totiare" haere Merton i ki ako i te mana me te ine mahora raruraru pāpori.

whakapumautia Robert Merton ariā e meka e arotake maha iwi ratou whai wāhitanga pāpori me whāititanga rītaha; painga aueue ore o te mau taata i roto i te tūranga pāpori katoa ( "pānga Mātiu"), e whakamātau ana ki te hāngai titaritari ana. Kua whakaatu e ia te fragility o nga momo noa o te ture pāpori rite ārahitanga ōkawa, te uara ahurea tino me ngā paerewa ngaio.

"Ko te tikanga o te pūtaiao" me ētahi atu ariā

whakaarohia Robert Kingi Merton he motuhake "paerewa pūtaiao" rite te huinga o mana'o ki nei kia rapu kaipūtaiao ki:

- communalism - te pūtaiao o te hapori tuwhera;

- Tukupü - pūtaiao "e kore e tātari";

- siokita - te pūtaiao o te objectivity waho;

- ore te whakaritea - te pūtaiao o te manatoko i te whakaaro katoa me ariā.

Ia hanga ano he rota o ngā ariā oraraa totiare i roto i te rohe, tae atu ki ngā ariā pērā i "whaiaro-fakahoko poropititanga", "nunu'a kāore i" me te wā "obliteration i kaporeihana" - ka e tau ana kia popularized ariā e wareware i tona kaiwhakarewa e pā ana ki te mauri o tenei ariā. whakaurua e ia te ariā o "wa" ki te whakaahua i ēnei āhuatanga motuhake i roto i te pūtaiao.

ngäwari hinengaro

I roto i te wawe 60-doma o Merton rere ia ki te ako o nga āhuatanga ahurea, me te whakahaere nui i roto i te mahi o pūtaiao. ngā te reira i te tātaritanga tino o te umanga o toa Nobel, te tukanga whakataetae, te hononga i waenganui i te pukapuka, me te rangahau, me te āhua raruraru o te kitenga, me te whakatamarikitanga o te "basileia" o te pūtaiao.

whakakitea sociologist Robert Merton tona ngāwari hinengaro i roto i te ako o ngā pātai e pā ana ki formulations ariā typology whai hua, me te whakarōpū, rangahau hōhonu, me nga pānga mahi o te mahi oraraa totiare i roto i te hapori hou.

mahi pūtaiao

Ko te mahi pūtaiao matua i roto i te ora wawe o Merton: "Pūtaiao, hangarau me te hapori i roto i te rautau tekau mā whitu i roto i Ingarangi" (1938), "Social Theory me Hanganga Pāpori" (whakaputaina e rave rahi putanga i i 1949 ki te 1968).

I muri mai ka whakaputaina e ia taua mahi: "Ākonga Doctor" (1957), "Sociology o Pūtaiao: Mā te ko tëtehi Akoranga" (1973), "oraraa totiare Ambivalence me ētahi atu tuhinga roa" (1976), "rangahau Social me te mahi i te tikanga "(1982).

Ētahi mahi mana i roto i roto i te kohinga o tuhinga ētita e Coser (i whakaputaina ratou i roto i te tau te 65raa o o Robert): "Ko te whakaaro o te hanganga pāpori: pepa i roto i te kororia o Merton" (1975).

Ka rite ki te hua, ka taea e tatou te mea e Robert Merton - he tangata nui, he pionie i roto i te mara o te akoranga tōrangapū, me te oraraa totiare hou. Kei te whakaaro ia tetahi o nga pūtaiao pāpori tino whai mana o Amerika. riro ia te sociologist tuatahi kua riro maha ngā tohu me ngā taonga nei mo tona rangahau. Puta noa i tona mahi o neke atu i te 20 whare wānanga (tae atu Harvard, Yale, Columbia ko Chicago) Merton i whakawhiwhia taitara hōnore. Ko ana mahi pūtaiao, me te i ēnei rā i roto i te tono tiketike i roto i kairangahau me ngā ākonga.