Rohe Ferghana (Uzbekistan): ngā wāhi o te pa

I roto i te raorao ataahua Ferghana kei te rohe Ferghana (Uzbekistan). Tenei Ko tetahi o nga wahi matamua a tino ataahua o te whenua. He he he nui nga pa tawhito, me pa ririki ki te ara tuku iho. Kei te hanga Ferghana rohe he koha nui ki te ōhanga kāwanatanga me ko o tino moni mo te tāpoi.

Geography me te Koiora

I te ngakau o Central Asia, kei roto i Uzbekistan. Kei Ferghana rohe kei roto i te wahi tonga o te raorao Ferghana me ko tetahi o 13 takiwa whakahaere-rohe o te whenua. Ko tōna rohe, ko te 68 km². Ko te rohe ni'ai te rohe flat ki te tairanga iti runga ake te taumata moana ki te tonga-rawhiti. māngai te raorao e nga mea katoa o te whenua: tiaki reira te whānuitanga maunga Altai, i nohoia te wahi raki e steppes. he taonga i roto i ngā rauemi wai te rohe. Rivers e rerengia ana i te maunga te hanga i te whatunga wai whanui, e kohia ano i Syrdarya. Atu supply wai e homai te awa ki Central Ferghana.

Te wāhi watea i roto i te awaawa momona hanga reira tipu tino taonga me ngā kararehe o te rohe Ferghana. he whānui o ngā tipu momo tupu konei. Te nuinga nga otaota katoa e te papamuri ahurea, rite otaota tūturu - te reira wahi kai tote, tuhitia e Tuhinga. Heoi, kua tahuri te tangata tenei rohe ki te paradaiso tūturu. Ko te tino ngā ano te ao kararehe. O nga kararehe nui e taea te whakatau ia koutou poaka mohoao, pokiha me wuruhi. Ko te kanorau nui o ngā momo pūkete mō kararehe iti me nga manu.

Tirohia History

noho Ferghana rohe i ara i roto i te rau tau 1-2, ka timata ngā iwi Turkic ki te tūhura i te rohe. Heoi, i te pae tino tahito o te iwi e kua kitea e te whaipara rā hoki ki te 7-5 senituli BC. I roto i te rohe o taputapu kohatu, me nga toenga e tata ana Selengur waka i kitea. I roto i te katoa i kiia pūtaiao 13 ngā papa ahurea i runga i tenei whenua. Mai 1709 i runga i te pae o Fergana rohe i hanga ai te Kokand Khanate. Shahrukh II me ana uri kingi te whenua, te whakawhānui i ona rohe i te utu o āhua tata.

I roto i te tau 1821, ka haere ia ki te kaha 12 tau Madali Khan, i raro i nei kingi i te kāwanatanga tino whakawhānui tona mana, me te whakakaha. Khanate ko te puka rawa kaha, me te pupuri ratou kaha noa 1842, noa oho te whenua rangatira Kyrgyz. Hoki te mana ki runga i tenei kokonga momona o tonu ko whawhai kaha i waenganui te iwi noho me iwi mohoao Sart Kipchak. Ko te upoko o te whenua e tonu whakakapi ia atu. He tonu o wāhanga fakamamahi te hītori o te rohe. arahina arepurepuraa tamau ki te vaivai o te mana korero o te whenua i arahina ki te meka i mau pu i te mana i te Emir o Bukhara, i patua e ngā hōia Russian i roto i te waenganui o te rau tau 19.

wā Russian me Soviet

Mai 1855 Fergana rohe, ka tae noa i raro i te mana o Turkestan, i haatihia reira i roto i te mura o pakanga ā-iwi. Khudoyar Khan, te kawana o Bukhara, Kokand, i taea ki te mau mana i runga i nga iwi i whakatika ake a raro i te pēhanga o te ino Russian i takoha i roto i 1868 ki te whakaae ki te whakaaetanga hokohoko ki te Russian Empire. Na Russian a kokandtsy hoatu te tika ki te kaupapa noa, te whakatinanatanga o te hokohoko, hoki i a ia ki te utu i te tāke o 2.5%. ko Khudoyar Khan kawana o te rohe. I roto i te 1875, ka arahina Kipchaks whakakeke Abdurahamnom-Avtobachi ki te mana o Khudoyar, i piri e minita rohe me hoariri o mahi Russian. Ko te kaha hou ko whakaekea e pā ana ki 10 mano tangata te whenua, te wāhi e Russian, whakapaea ki te pa o Khujand, ka pūmau i roto i te Mahram pourewa.

August 22, 1875, te patototanga General Kaufmann me tona ope o te hunga tutu i o te pa, a horo ana Kokand ko Margelan. i raro ki te emepera Russian Earth. Heoi, te taenga atu ano nga hoia haere atu, ka whawhati i roto i ano pōuri. General Skobelev, e ahu i te tari o Namangan, tino mahi ki te hunga whakakeke, a ka mapi te rohe katoa o te rohe Ferghana ki te āhua Russian. ka Skobelev te kawana tuatahi o Ferghana rohe. I muri i te revolution i Russia, te mana Soviet haere mai me Uzbekistan. I roto i te 1924, kawea whakahou whakahaere i waho, me te rohe, arahina e Kokand ka wahi o te Uzbek pāpori Republic. Ferghana rohe - I te 1938, i hanga e te kōwae rohe hou. I roto i te wā Soviet te kaha kapi te rohe i te taupori Russian, ko reira te ahumahi me te hanganga hanga.

āhua o nāianei

I muri i te parariraa o te rohe USSR Fergana, e kua tino whakakaha wāhanga i roto i ngā ōhanga, kua noho reira he wahi o Uzbekistan, i whakaaturia tona motuhake i roto i te 1991. I roto i te 1989-90 i reira ko te tutukinga papatipu ki te taupori Kyrgyz, tīmata te hekenga. hoki teie mahana Ferghana rohe ki te tau-tau ona ara o te ora. wāhanga ahumahi homai ara ki te tuku iho ahuwhenua. Area, me te kāwanatanga katoa me whakahoki ake tikanga Muslim me ara o te ora, ahakoa e kore e ngaro whanaunga ki Russia. Neke atu i te 25 tau o te rangatiratanga, whakapumautia hononga ahurea, me te ōhanga hou. Ferghana rohe tenei ra whakatinana nga āhuatanga o te rohe Uzbek tuku iho.

āhuarangi

Ko te raorao Ferghana - he wahi ahurei. Karapotia e nga maunga, te mea he tikanga makariri motuhake. Ehara i te mea hoki kahore i huaina te peara o Uzbekistan, rite reira pono hanga tata tikanga pai mo te ora te tangata. Ferghana rohe rerekē te āhuarangi koi paparahi, me te toetoe kaua ngawari me te raumati wera. Te pāmahana te hotoke toharite ko -3 nekehanga, te raumati - +28.

Ko te drawback anake o te āhuarangi rohe he hau kaha, tautautefito ki he lolotonga te puna, i maroke te oneone, kawe purupurua, tokoiti te whenua. rerekē te wāhi hoki iti rerenga, engari i roto i te whakaritenga makuku o te pāmu hipoki e te irrigation wai. āhuatanga Ferghana rohe e te marino o, atu i roto i nga rohe e tata ana o te raorao. He he rangi tino pūmau, iti e pängia ana ki rerekē koi. I roto i te rohe e haere pai nga tikanga mo te maara o maha hua wera-aroha, tae atu miro, raihi, me tea.

taupori

he nui rohe Tuitui kapi - Ferghana rohe (Uzbekistan). Ko te kāinga te reira ki tata te toru o te taupori o te whenua katoa. Ko tōna kiato ko 450 tangata ia 1 km². He kanorau te hanganga iwi o te rohe. 82% o te taupori - he Uzbeks. Ētahi atu ngā iwi kanohi e Tajiks iti - e pā ana ki 4%, Russian - 2.6%, Kazakhs - 1%.

reo Official - Uzbek, engari noho o te rohe e hoki pai matau i roto i Russian, a kei te ako pane tamarikitanga Ingarihi. Te karakia e pā ana, whakaaetia ana e 95% o te taupori - Ihirama. Ko te akiaki a te tipu taupori i roto i te rohe o 1-2% ia tau. Āta whakanui ake tümanako ora, e inaianei kua he record 70 tau. Ko te tau toharite o te noho o Fergana rohe ko te 23 tau. Kei te piki hāngai te taupori i tenei ra i roto i ngā wāhi tāone.

ōhanga

Ko te nuinga Ferghana rohe tenei ra rohe ahuwhenua. Ahakoa te whakapaipai o te rohe - he pokapū ōhanga, me te ahumahi nui. Tenei ko te maha hinonga nui i roto i te matū, kai, ahumahi marama, ahumahi matūngahinu. Tenei e hangaia wahi e manawapa, taonga, maniua, karaihe, sima, me te tokomaha atu hua. whai nui ki te ōhanga o te rohe e te hinonga ahuwhenua e tupu miro, raihi, kararehe, e kore whakarato hiahia kāinga anake, engari ano kaha hoko ki ētahi atu whenua. Whanaketanga me te pūmautanga o te ōhanga whai wāhi ki te tangohanga o kohuke: hinu, whanariki hāorarua, pākeho, i te mea he kaupapa nui o te kaweake.

rere ana te rohe i te tereina mowhiti, tūhono i te pa nui o te whenua, me te rohe. Ko te roa katoa o rori ko 200 km.

Ko te wehenga whakahaere o te pa, me te

Kei te wehea Ferghana rohe ki 15 rupehu - takiwā whakahaere. whakahaeretia i ia e te matenga, nana nei i whakarite e Hakim. pa nui o Ferghana rohe (Uzbekistan): Ferghana, Kokand, Margilan, Kuvasay - i te mana o te subordination rohe. hāngai ratou te nuinga o te taupori o te rohe.

Fergana

Te pa matua i roto i te rohe Ferghana - tona pane. Ko te ingoa rawa iritihia i te Pahia - "taonga" - ta te rota e pā ana ki tenei wahi. E pā ana ki 350 mano iwi o Iwi rerekē. Ko tōna hītori, kiia iho te pa i 1876, ka te kawana Russian o tenei whenua, Gen. Skobelev, whakaturia he whakapaipai hou. Hoki te i ara whanau te pa tona ingoa. kitea ana tēnei hītori e i roto i te ahua o te ahua o waho o Fergana. Tuatahi i hanga ai i roto i te whare kāhua Pākehā: hui faatere ', Post Office, Whare Kawanatanga, i te tari matua o te whare tapere, te Alexander Nevsky Cathedral - ko te timatanga o te pa ngā, mohiotia hoki Central Asia tenei katoa. I whakaurua Here whakaritea hanga ki ara tika te tīmatanga.

Ko te tupu tino tere i roto i te Fergana ite i roto i te wā Soviet, rawa i muri i te Pakanga o te Ao Tuarua, ka reira hanga he maha nui o hinonga ahumahi, kei te whakatuwheratia teitei pütahitanga mätauranga.

I teie mahana Fergana - he tino ataahua, me te pa matomato. He he maha nui o kari, me ngā pāka. Ko te wae matua ko te Whare o rangatira, rangatira Whare mua - whare tapere, he Korāna penupenu Masjid, te pa tawhito.

Kokand

Ko tētahi atu pokapū matua - te pa o Kokand (Ferghana rohe). haamata Ko tōna hītori i roto i te rau tau 5-6. Here noho nga iwi onamata. Mai 1709 Ko te whakapaipai o te kaha Kokand Khanate. Ko te wāhi pai i runga i te Silk Road, me āta whakarite te whanaketanga o te taonga o Kokand, e tamau tohoakii whakaeke. Ko te hītori roa o te pa - he he raupapa o pakanga me rangatira huri. Mai te whakatūnga o te mana Soviet kitea e marino te pa, a i muri i te whakapuakanga o te rangatiratanga o Uzbekistan hoki ki ona takenga motu, me te ahurea.

I teie mahana, Ko te pa kāinga ki e pā ana ki 260,000 te iwi. Tenei e whakanohoia te nui hinonga ahumahi i roto i te ahumahi matū, whakangao, kai me te engineering. Ko te pa tere whakawhanake ahumahi tāpoi: hotels te hanga, tuwhera taonga, tipu hanganga. Ko te wae matua ko nga madrassas Norbutabi Kokand (mutunga rau 18), Zhomi Mosque (1800) me te Palace Khudoyar Khan hanga i roto i te tau 1871.

Margilan

Ko tētahi atu taonga o te rohe - Ferghana, Margilan. huaina tenei pa tawhito ko te whakapaipai o te hiraka. Kua kitea kōrero tohu o te oraraa i roto i tenei wahi o te whakataunga te tangata noa i roto i te 4-3 rau tau BC. hono te hītori o te pa e ki te hanga, me te hokohoko o te hiraka. I teie mahana, ko reira wheketere hiraka nui rawa te whenua a, a taea kite koe i te nuinga o nga rakau maperi. Ko te pa te kāinga ki e pā ana ki 220,000 te iwi. Ko te wae matua e whakamahara Marghilan Pir Siddique (tau 18), medreses mea Ahmad Hodge (tau 19) me te hiraka wheketere "Yodgorlik".