SIP-kawa: whakaahuatanga

Session Tomokanga Kawa (SIP) ko he kawa hei whakaoho, me te whakahaere i ngā wā kōrero rongorau. Ko te tono tino noa i roto i te waea Internet - reo me ngā waea Video me kareretanga inamata runga (Kawa Ipurangi) IP.

tautuhi te reira i te karere e kua tonoa i waenganui i endpoints me whakahaere i te hanga, mutunga, me ētahi atu āhuatanga faufaa o te karanga. Ka taea te whakamahi kawa SIP, te whakaahuatanga o nei aroaro te runga ake hoki te hanga, whakakē me terminating wā arā, o tetahi atu ranei awa raraunga rongorau. Ko te kawa apa tono. Hangaia ki te kia motuhake o te apa waka whāriki. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, he kawa e hāngai ana i runga i te kuputuhi ngā maha āhuatanga o HTTP (Whakawhiti Kuputuhiitua) me te Wāhitau Mail Simple Kawa Whakawhiti (te SMTP).

SIP-kawa - he aha te mea te reira?

mahi SIP i roto i te taha ki te maha atu ngā kawa taumata-tono e tautuhi me te tuku wātū rongorau. Tāutunga raraunga pāpāho me te ōrite tutuki te tahi ki te Kawa Session Whakaahuatanga (SDP). Hei tuku awa rongorau - reo, ataata - i te reira te tikanga whakamahi i te kawa wā-tūturu waka (RTP) ranei aratau Haumaru (SRTP). Hoki kia whakamunatia ai karere tuku SIP haumaru te whakamahi i Haumarutanga Apa Transport (TLS).

History whanaketanga

SIP-kawa i whakawhanakehia tuatahi e te rōpū o tohunga i roto i te 1996. I papa'iraa te reira i roto i 2543 i roto i te RFC 1999 (SIP 1.0). I roto i te Noema 2000, ka whakaaetia e ia kia rite ki te kawa 3 GPP kē me te āhuatanga pūmau o te hoahoanga IP-Rongorau Pūnaharoti (IMS) mo te roma o ngā ratonga e hāngai ana IP-rongorau i roto i ngā pūnaha pūtau. tukua te putanga hou (SIP 2.0) i roto i te RFC 3261 whakatakotoranga i roto i Pipiri 2002. Ki te etahi toronga me ngā whakamahinetanga o reira whakamahia te i roto i to tatou wa.

Ahakoa te meka i whakawhanakehia te taketake SIP-kawa i hāngai i runga i ngā ratonga reo. I teie mahana, tautoko ana te reira i te whānui o ngā tono, tae atu huinga ataata, tarere pāpāho, karere inamata, whakawhitinga kōnae, me te waea whakaahua mo IP, me ngā kēmu ipurangi whānui.

Kawa SIP - whakaahuatanga me te mahi

Ko motuhake o te kawa waka whāriki Kawa Tomokanga Session. Rere te reira i runga i Kawa Tuku Mana (TCP), Kawa Datagram kaiwhakamahi (UDP) ranei mana tuku kawa awa (SCTP). Ka taea te whakamahi i te reira no te whakawhiti raraunga waenganui i te rua taha (Aotukunga) me wātū Romamaha.

I roto i te reira i reira he huānga hoahoa tauira rite tono tauwhitinga HTTP. ngā taua mahi ia o te tono kiritaki, e ai te tikanga ngā ranei mahi i runga i te tūmau, me te i te iti rawa kia kotahi te whakautu. SIP-kawa reuses te nuinga o nga mara pane, ture whakawaehere, me waehere tūnga HTTP, whakarato i te hōputu kuputuhi pānui.

mohio kei te whakamahi i te pūtāutu tohatoha rauemi (URI), te mahi i runga i te pūtake o te wetereo paerewa noa, e te whakamahia hoki i roto i ngā ratonga tukutuku, me te ī-mēra - ia rauemi whatunga Tomokanga Kawa Session - he kaihoko kaiwhakamahi pouaka mēra ā ranei. kaupapa URI, e whakamahia nei mo te SIP, kua te ahua o te mekameka arorau: ingoakaiwhakamahi: kupuhipa @ ope: tauranga.

Kaupapahere haumarutanga

Ki te hiahiatia haumaru tuku raraunga whakatakoto kaupapa e ki atu ia o nga mea timatanga whatunga, e te tono kei te ki te rohe ūnga, me ngā ki Apa Transport Haumarutanga (TLS). Ko te taahiraa whakamutunga o te tūmau takawaenga ki te rohe ūnga ina te titauhia te reira ki te mahi i roto i runga i te tautuhinga haumarutanga rohe. TLS tiaki ki tope e tamata ki te haukoti i te raraunga i te wa o te pānui. Otiia e kore te reira e whakarato haumarutanga tūturu ki te mutunga, me te kore e taea te ārai i te aroturuki me te raraunga tahae. Ka rite ki te SIP-kawa, e kia tauranga kia hono humarie, mahi ki ētahi atu ratonga whatunga?

mahi te reira i roto i te taha ki te tahi atu tikanga maha, me te he wāhi i roto i te kōrero kē anake. nuinga whakamahi SIP-kiritaki TCP tau tauranga UDP 5060 5061 ranei ranei ki te hono ki te SIP-tūmau, me te tahi atu SIP pito-ngā. Port 5060 kei te whakamahia mō te tohu waka whakamuna, mea tauranga 5061 tata "hoa" ki te Haumarutanga Apa Transport (TLS).

He aha te mea te whakamahi?

Hei whakahoki i te pātai atu ïa «SIP-kawa - e te reira" kia mohio ki hoki te mea kua whakamahia te reira. Kei te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana te reira ki te whakaturia ake, ka tukua atu he reo ataata ranei waea. āhei te reira ki a koe te whakarerekē i te mau tamataraa tīariari. Ka taea e te whakarerekētanga ngā huri wāhitau tauranga ranei, fakaafe'i he whakahaere atu kaiuru, tāpiri ranei te tango awa pāpāho. kitea hoki SIP tono i roto i tono karere, me ngā ratonga i roto i te ohaurunga hui me te whakamōhiotanga.

He huinga o te SIP-ture e pā ana ki te Engineering Tūmahi Force Ipurangi (IETF), whakatau nga tohutohu mo te taua tono. Reo me ngā karere videopotokovye tono i runga i te tono kawa rerekē i roto i te Kawa Transport wā-tūturu (RTP). Tawhā - tau tauranga, ngā tikanga, ngā kotēkē - mo enei pāpāho e tautuhi, ka ki āu whakamahi i te kawa whakaahuatanga wātū (SDP), e neke i roto i te tinana mōkihi Tomokanga Kawa Session (hei tauira, SIP kawa T) awa.

Ko te tirohanga taketake o te kawa kei e kia i heke mai whakarato reira he tangata kē, me te karanga tatū mo IP-kōrero i runga i turanga e taea te tautoko i te huinga o nga mahi tukatuka karanga me ngā āhuatanga reira i roto i te iwi whānui kē whatunga waea (PSTN). e kore e tautuhi ia ratou. More ïa, regulates reira te tatūnga karanga anake me kē. mahi katoa e kua tikanga ki te mahi i ngā mahi taua waea (m. E. Waea, pepe whakautu ringback ranei te tohu pukumahi), whakamana e tūmau takawaenga me āpiha kaiwhakamahi. he rerekē i roto i te whenua rerekē ratou whakataki, me te kupu, engari mahi ratou i runga i te parau tumu taua.

Ko te uara i roto i te waea

whatunga waea tautoko taea hoki SIP whakatinana tokomaha o nga āhuatanga tukatuka karanga atu matatau reira i roto i whakaoho Pūnaha 7 (SS7). Ahakoa he tino rerekē e rua o enei tikanga. SS7 Ko te kawa centralized. Kei te āhuatanga i te reira e te pokapū matatini hoahoanga whatunga me ngā mutunga "puhuki" (waea tikanga). SIP Ko te kawa o te "kiritaki-tūmau". Heoi, te nuinga o ngā pūrere e tautoko Kawa Tomokanga Session taea te mahi kia rite ki te tūranga o te kiritaki me te tūmau. I roto i te whānui, mahi wātū initiator rite te kiritaki, a ka mahi i te kaiwhiwhi mahi tūmau karanga. Ko te kupu, Kei te whakatinana ngā āhuatanga SIP i roto i nga endpoints kōrero, e poka ki kaha tikanga SS7 e kua whakatinana i roto i te whatunga.

Ko faufaa rerekē i roto i taua kei te whakawhanake i te hangarau i roto i IT, a kahore i roto i te ahumahi torotoro waea SIP. papa'iraa SIP-kawa te me te nuinga whakaritea e te IETF, i e ngā etahi (hei tauira, H.323) e pā ana ki te International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

huānga whatunga

SIP tautuhi āpiha o te kaiwhakamahi, me te maha o ngā momo o ngā huānga tūmau whatunga. Ka taea e rua SIP endpoints kōrero i waho i tetahi hanganga takawaenga. Otiia, he maha koretake hoki kōrero kāwanatanga, e titau whaiaronga mahi ki te rapu mō kōpuku e wātea ana i roto i te whatunga tenei huarahi. e kore e taea e rehita SIP-kawa whakarato taua taumahinga.

kaihoko kaiwhakamahi

Ko te kaihoko kaiwhakamahi SIP (TN) ko he endpoints whatunga arorau. E whakamahia ratou ki te hanga whiwhi karere ranei, a reira whakahaere i te SIP-wātū. kia SIP-TN mahi i te tūranga o te kiritaki kaihoko kaiwhakamahi (MPK), e tukua ana e tono SIP me tona tūmau (UAS), e manako ana uiui, me te hoki te whakautu SIP. pūkete mana peheé ko UAS whakamana te i roto i SIP tauwhitinga anake.

waea

SIP-waea, i roto i te meka, ko IP-waea, i ngā te kaihoko SIP-kaiwhakamahi kiritaki me mahi tūmau. I tua atu, whakarato reira he karanga waea kōwhiringa tuku iho - Waea, Whakautu, ine pupuri / tuku, me te karanga whakamua.

kia whakatinana SIP-waea rite te pūrere pūmārō ranei rite te softphone. No te mea kei te piki te whakamahi kaiwhakanao tenei kawa rite te atamira waea paerewa (i roto i te tau tata nei - i roto i 4G), te rerekētanga i waenganui i taputapu me ngā pūmanawa SIP-waea tumu noho peroo. I tua atu, āhuatanga o te Kawa Tomokanga Session whakatinana i tenei ra i nga mahi taketake o te mārō o maha nga whakaaro i IP-whakahohea. Ko ētahi tauira ko te momo o ngā pūrere i Nokia ko parakipere, me SIP-kawa i runga i Android ko inaianei te mahi mahuinga ia.

I roto i SIP, i roto i te HTTP, kia tautuhi iho te kaihoko kaiwhakamahi i te pou pane mara Kaiwhakamahi-Agent, kei roto i te whakaahuatanga kuputuhi o te pūmanawa / taputapu / tūemi. tuku mara kaiwhakamahi-māngai i roto i te karere tono te. tikanga o tēnei e taea te tūmau SIP te fariiraa kite i tenei mōhiohio. huānga Whatunga Session Kawa Tomokanga ētahi wā e taea rokiroki i taua mōhiohio. A ka taea e te mea āwhina i roto i Tātarihia te raruraru hototahi.