SVD (pū): āhuatanga. Kitenga SVD awhe

Kaipupuhi raiwhara SVD 7,62 whakawhanakehia i roto i 1958-1963 raro i te ārahitanga o te kaihoahoa Soviet ko Dragunova E. F. te reira i te patu āhua-aunoa, e hāngai ana tona taputapu kei i runga i te pūngao o ngā haurehu paura tukua i te whanau hau kōkeke.

Tuhaa no roto mai i te Soviet Military Encyclopedia

E whakangungua ringa, e te hunga matatau i roto i te toi o te hunaraa, te mātakitaki me te kārangarangatia Snipers; taea ki te patu i te ūnga ki te pere tuatahi. Mana, ka puta mai te sharpshooters tuatahi i roto i te British Army i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. Ko te whāinga matua o ēnei whawhai ko ki te whakangaro i te pokarekarenga nui, tuwhera, me puta ngā whāinga kotahi tapo'ihia. E nehenehe te reira snipers hoariri, ngā, rangatira, me etahi atu hono. Ko te shooter patu ki te pū rite rawa ki te pū motuhake. Ki te ahi whiriwhiri reira me te āo te tūranga huna. I roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao, kei te whānui whakaturia rōpū katoa ki te pakanga patu snipers tohatoha whakangungua hoki tenei ake kura motuhake ki te mau hui me ngā akoranga. I roto i te USSR, raraunga papatipu mapulei te toi i huaina i kaupapa kaipupuhi. I tua atu, kua riro tenei ariā he ingoa whare rite ki te hua ka mohiotia rite sharpshooters rererangi, pū, me te tank ope ratou.

E rite rawa raiwhara kaipupuhi ki mātanga optical, e whakapiki i te tika o te whāinga me te whakarato i titiro pai i roto i tetahi taiao. Hoki te pupuhi i te po i runga i te patu eke mātanga moemoea i te po , ngā he rama mātiti whatu ranei. Up tae noa kihai i te wawe 60-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga i roto i te Ope Soviet motuhake raiwhara kaipupuhi, ka whakamahia 'Mosin' raiwhara tauira 1891/30, Heoi kua puta ke tikanga o te pakanga, a ka kua whakaturia te wheako mua o fepaki rohe he maha o ngā whakaritenga ki te take kaipupuhi. Ko te kupu, he wā hou i roto i te whanaketanga o tenei momo o te patu. Na whakawhanakehia matou, ka hangaia i raro i whakahau motuhake nga mea timatanga katoa i te kariri me he tirohanga whatu, me te oti ki te pū.

History o te hanganga o te tuatahi pū kaipupuhi Soviet

I roto i 1958, te USSR Tāhuhu o Defense tukuna he whakaritenga rauhanga, me te hangarau hoki te whanaketanga o āhua-aunoa raiwhara kaipupuhi 7,62. Ko te whakataetae matua i roto i tenei whakataetae ka Izhevsk kaihoahoa Dragunov E. F. me Kovrov kaihoahoa Konstantinov A. I tua atu, tukuna ratou tauira aroaro Simonov SG & D kapa Kalashnikov MT te putanga whakamātautau o Dragunov raiwhara CER-58 i taea i muri nei i reira i te tuatahi "whakatau" i roto i te whakaritenga tino whakaritea e te hōia, he tauira whakarerekētia NE-61. I muri whakamātautau whakatairite o Momo Konstantinov me Dragunov utu: he whakatau i runga i te kawenga i te kaupapa Dragunov. Ko te kupu, SVD raiwhara, nga āhuatanga o e whakatau i nga whakaritenga katoa, tomo ki te kaha kua i roto i te 1963, i raro i te 6V1 tohu.

Katoa iti āwhina ...

i whakahaere whanaketanga o matā hou mo te pū e te Research Institute №61 Sabelnikov V. M., Sazonov PF ko Dvoryaninov VN tenei kariri ki te matā he matua maitai, i tangohia e wha tau i muri i te nuinga o raiwhara ( i roto i te 1967), ka riro mai 7N1 taupū. Hoki te whanaketanga o te tirohanga whatu pahono PSO-1 Engineers Soviet Ovchinnikov VI ko Glyzov L. A. Technology ahumahi pū oko mo tenei raiwhara whakawhanakehia Samoylov I. A. pinepine kawekawe whakahua i te ritenga me ngā pūnaha SVD AK, mōhio ratou e e tata ōrite ki te aunoatanga ki tango o ngā haurehu paura i te oko i roto i te tuwhera taha, kati o te awa mā te tahuri i te marumaru, me te hua haumaru kore-aunoa rua-mahi ratou. I tua atu, ko te huarahi keu hama he āhua rite o te vairaa i. He tika, kua etahi huānga tono i te AK, engari te pū SVD, e kore te mīhini kape, he pūnaha motuhake, me te tohu o tenei ko nga āhuatanga o tenei patu, e tapaea tatou i raro.

rerekētanga Interesting Dragunov raiwhara, e pā ana ki te "kaipupuhi", "whāinga

Kia titiro a ki te mea hanga ko te pūnaha patu motuhake te rerekētanga. e kore te SVD-pū tutaki kawe ngā ki te kōkeke hau hangaia e (rite te pai rite te pusher) te rite te wāhanga motuhake, me ona ake puna hoki. tangohia ana e ratou ake te tūranga tīmata i muri papa paru. Kei te decomposed nekehanga aunoa ki te kaupapa ngā o ngā wāhanga takitahi. Fakatatau ki ai, arata'i tenei ki te hua i roto i te wa whakautu o te huarahi, me te ki whakaiti tahi te taimaha o nga wahi neke whānui. I teie parau tumu whakapiki i te whakapati o e mämä aunoa me smoothes te kawenga pākau i. I tua atu, kua he regulator hau hau whakahaeretia hiahiatia ki te uru i te whaiaro uta-tikanga ki te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere uaua te whakaminenga.

tikanga marumaru

Konei-kuwaha pū rite rawa ki te pūrere e kua toru lugs hangarite. hanga te tukanga maukati nui atu pono tenei, engari whakaiti ano hoki te koki o te huringa o te huarahi. Kei kakau rechargeable i te taha ki matau, a kua hanga e integrally ki te anga kiriata. Ko te ahei o te whakarato mahi tino pono te huinga o tenei hanganga nui ki te marumaru marama.

Ko te tikanga keu

huihui USM tēnei kaipupuhi raiwhara te i roto i te rūnanga motuhake, he reira e taea ki te whakarato anake i te ahi kotahi. He āhuatanga taketake o te huarahi ko ki te whakamahi i te keu (i roto i te tua ki tona mahi tuatahi) rite te sear disconnector me keu kume. tahuri hua haumaru Non-aunoa i runga i poraka hiahia me te keu, me te e hipokina te kongokonga i te kaiwhiwhi.

Bed me whakamahia SVD

SVD-pū kua te kakari āhuatanga i roto i te reke e hanga tona mata mua he pu pītara. Anga āhua taea ki te pupuri i te patu ki tona ringa maui, e mau ana i roto i te shooting ki te mutu. I runga i te reke e taea te piri ki te tango unregulated "paparinga" me mua-mutunga. i hanga te mua-mutunga e rua paraharaha hangarite kātua, e whai i'ai mō pai raiwhara tautauā. Pads rawa ki te puna-eke kia ko te wāhi o te tautoko pouaka i runga i te tuaka o te oko. Ka rite ki te hua, te kaha ki te whakarato i te pū ringa tautoko, e kore e pā te hua o te shooting. I tua atu, ka te elongation kakau meinga e te para i te reira ki te pere, neke te kikowhiti whakamua he iti; mai kore nga tikanga kukume e huri, ka kahore he displacement o te whakapā waenganui-ira pera-ka karanga. Mai i töna tïmatanga, SVD (photo, i roto i tenei tuhinga, whakaatu tatou patu whakaaro) te whakamamaetia maha ngā wāhanga o te ao hōu. Ka rite ki te hua, i whakakapi i te buttstock rakau, me te handguard ki kahupapa Whakakirihōu, mai te whakarerekē hou ki te take kirihou, ka whakapūmautia paraharaha o te muka karaihe polyamide pango. heke enei huringa te taimaha o te SVD.

kariri

Ka rite ki whakahuatia mua, te rahi SVD ko 7,62h53. pū kai hanga o te ioka whakarewa-rua pouaka rāngai wetekina āhua nei kaha ko tekau cartridges. Me whai whakaaro kaihoahoa te wāhi o te taonga kia whakanohoia te pokapū o te mahara o te patu i runga i te reira. Ka rite ki te hua, te kohi o te matā e tata kahore pānga i runga i te toenga o te raiwhara, a konei i runga i te nekehanga o te pūwāhi toharite o pānga. Hoki te pupuhi i te kaipupuhi whakamahia Dragunova, anake i roto i te kariri motuhake 7N1 hoki raiwhara kariri 57-H-223 ki te matā ono tekau ki 7T2 whakataki matā, me 7B3 ki tiaki hei tahutahu patu-ngoto me ētahi atu.

mea whatu

Reticle SVD PSO-1 kua he hua e wha-puninga i roto i te mara o te tirohanga o te 6%. Kei te rite rawa te reira ki te araa arotahi retractable me eyecups rapa paruru. Reticle he tapawha matua, hangaia hoki te pupuhi i te tawhiti o runga ki tetahi kiromita, me te anō - 1.1, 1.2 me te 1.3 km - me te tauine o ngā whakatikatika lateral. Ano, whakarato PCP-1 tauine rangefinder te whakamahi i te whānuitanga kiteatanga whakarato SVD te teitei ūnga o 1.7 m (tangata ahua roa-tonu) tika o 50 mita. Powered pūrere Reticle rama e te pūhiko whakaurua i roto i te wehenga motuhake i roto i whare. I roto i te tuku kōrero o te pereti kōrekoreko e whakaurua, e taea kitea puna o radiation pōkākā. Ka rite ki te pūrere aunoa whakamahia pŭpŭ tauturu - titiro rängai tātai i te whānuitanga o 1.2 km me te tirohanga mua te whakarite. whakaratohia PSO-1 tuku kōrero te pūtake mo te hanganga o te whānau o mātanga, tae atu i te PSO-1 M2. Kitenga whānuitanga SVD ki tenei tauira ko i te whānui i 0.1 ki te 1.3 km. I 1989, i reira i hou 1P21 pūrere. Tenei tuku kōrero SVD kua he ōwehenga whārahinga tāupe o i te 3 ki te 9, tona mara o te tirohanga ko 6 °, aua 11 '- 2 ° 23'. I tua atu, ka taea te pūrere te whakamahi o te reticle māramatanga ki te mana wherikotanga.

SVD rifle-: āhuatanga o patu

Ko te roa tapeke o te patu i waho te bayonet 1225 mm o me te roa oko - 620 mm. Taumaha ki makasini utaina me te titiro whatu - 4,52 kg. Kariri - 7,62h53. Te tere matā tuatahi ko 830 m / s. auau whawhai - 30 rauna ia meneti (he hua pai rawa, tango ki pūkete te aratau puhipuhi kotahi anake i te kaipupuhi pū SVD). Pupuhi whānui ki te titiro telescopic ko 1300 mita, me ki te pūrere - 1200 mita. kaha Magazine - 10 rauna.

parau tumu o te mahi

mahi patu Aunoa i runga i te parau tumu o te tango i hau propellant combustible i roto i te kohao motuhake i roto i te oko. Maukati i tahuri i te huarahi raka Tētākaraka. Ko te rerekētanga matua i te mahi iahiko rite Kalashnikov e kariri rammer te whakamahia hoki hei atu lugs (rarangi tuatoru). Tenei whakaaetia, i waho whakarereketia nga āhuatanga hake o te marumaru, me te koki o te hurihanga, e pā ana ki nga wa i te hawhe ake i te lugs rohe. Ka rite ki te hua, whakarato nga ngā punga e toru te tūranga rawa pūmau o te huarahi, e kore i taea e nei pā te hua i roto i te tika o te ahi. A, no te pupuhi wahi o hau propellant e whai i te matā i roto i te irava hau i roto i te taiepa oko rere ki te ruma hau me takahanga i runga i te taiepa mua o te kōkeke. Ka rite ki te hua, tahi te kōkeke ki te plunger me te anga kiriata mahue te i roto i te tūranga muri.

I tenei wāhi, te whakatuwheratanga o te whanau, ka unu i te tutaki i te ringaringa i te ruma, a tuwhā i te reira i roto o te kaiwhiwhi. I muri i taua, kokopi te anga te kuwaha puna hoki me pīkoka, arā, e te reira tuku aunoa paratunu. I tua atu, i raro i te mahi o te huarahi hoki o ngā āhuatanga hanganga katoa e hoki mai ana ki te tūranga mua taketake. A, no te ka te marumaru e tonoa kariri muri ki te ruma o te taata tei mau, me te tutakina te whanau, te tango i sear ki cocking keu matawā tutaki kawe me whakatakoto ana ona ēngari. Maukati kuwaha hongere oko e tahuri reira ki te maui, me nga lugs tautuhinga ki te pito rawa o te kaiwhiwhi.

I roto i te tikanga ki te hanga i te pere i muri, te tuku me te ka wahia te keu. I muri i tona tukunga tokotoko neke ki te tūranga mua, me te Hopu tona matau ki runga ki te sear. Mā te pāwhiri i runga i te matau huri sear te matau, reira ka wetekia ona ēngari me te keu. Te whakamutunga, i raro i te mahi o te vairaa i huri i runga i tona tuaka me te he titi puhipuhi, e neke ana ki te tūranga whakamua, me te hua whawhati te capsule. Tahuna ana te ranunga propellant kariri, me te pere. A, no te whakamana i te pere whakamutunga ko, retracted te marumaru kei te me te taata tei mau pūwhāngai ara ana ake te mutu marumaru. kei ia a mutu anga i roto i te tūranga muri. tavini te reira rite te pere tohu e kia te uta i ano te pū.

whakamahi ariā

Ki-ringa whawhai ki te IRS taea te whakaritea momo paerewa bayonet (6x4). Ahakoa tenei huanga i runga i te pū kaipupuhi ko te tino onge, me te ko reira whakauaua tika. Otiia, e kore e tatou e wareware i hanga te patu hei taputapu o ngā waeine commando iti, a kua titauhia te reira ki te whakarato mo tona tono ara i roto i te pakarutanga o.

I roto i te whānui, i te hoahoa IRS, nga āhuatanga o i nga tino mīharo, ko te ngāwari rawa pai i waenganui i te whawhai me te kaipupuhi whakaritenga whānui. I tua atu, kia tuhia te reira e ko tenei pū te hoahoa patu ope tuatahi e āhuatanga taputapu hākinakina āta kitea. Hoki 60-70-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga, kua he tika tiketike rawa te SVD. parau Experience tatou e ki tenei kaipupuhi taea patua ngā taumata i te tawhiti o whakauaua detectable ki runga ki te 800 mita. SVD whānuitanga o ngā whāinga pērā i "āhua rara" (50x50 cm) ki runga ki te 600 mita, me te "upoko ahua" (25x30 cm) - 300 mita.

Battle kororia

rongonui āhua tiketike, tenei pū kaipupuhi riro i roto i pakanga hōia i roto i Afghanistan me Chechnya. Ko e tika ana ki te kaha teitei o te SVD, nei āhuatanga whakaaetia ki te pupuri i te ahi tika i roto i te maunga tenei. Kia kï hoki, e kore tetahi momo o te whawhai he oti waho te whai wāhi mātātoa o snipers, na ko tenei momo o te patu, a ka waiho tonu i roto i te tono.

Ki te rā, ngā whakarerekētanga o SVD titoa e te ope o whenua neke atu i te hawhe te tatini. tukuna Various kōwhiringa i roto i Haina, Iraq, Romania. I tua atu, i te whakarau o to tatou tauira whakaatu tahi sniping, hopu me te hākinakina patu. I muri i hanga katoa te whakamahi i te wheako o te pihinga raiwhara hākinakina a SVD he pānga nui, me te kua mahi rite te pūtake mo te raupapa o raiwhara hopu rite "Bear", "Tiger" me OC-18.

SVD kaipupuhi pū: te utu

maha ui mohoao tauhou ki te taea e ratou te hoko patu o te whawhai, i roto i ngā SVD raiwhara, rite hopu. Heoi, opani ture Russian te hoko o SVD ki te mana tūmataiti. Na ano i reira ko te otinga: te tipu Izhevsk hua whakahounga o nga kape taketake o te whawhai pū koperea Dragunov ki te tiaki. Ka rite ki te hua, kia hoko i tetahi tangata hiahia he kape o tenei hua i roto i runga i te whakaritenga o whare whakawā Interior Tāhuhu i te rohe whakaturia atu i roto i te rerekē haere o te mahi me te patu harangotengote. Heoi, āhua tonu te kaipānui - e kore e tenei huringa pā te mahi me ngā whakaritenga o te raiwhara. Na roto tona ingoa prefixed KO, e te tikanga "pū hopu". Uara ki SVD he 62 mano moni. Ki te kore e te kirehe mohoao taofi te utu nui, ka riro ia he, kaha, patu nui wa-whakamatau pono; pono ka e mahi ki a ia mo tetahi tau kotahi.

I roto i te mutunga

Kua kï pū kaipupuhi Dragunov iho rite te patu kaha, me te pono, no te tau maha noho te tauira ringa pai ngā. Heoi, ko te huringa, te whīwhiwhi te whakanui ake me te roha o ngā mahi hōia ki te kia kitea e te kaipupuhi i roto i pakanga hou, hiahiatia te whanaketanga o te pūnaha shooting hou ki te pū pai nui shooting, me te ki te tirohanga ki te whakapiki ake i atu poto. I roto i te meka, te IRS me kore te pū kaipupuhi i roto i te tikanga hou o te wā, ko tona whāinga matua ki te whakapiki ake i te whānuitanga whai hua o whawhai ahi whai pūkaha wehenga raiwhara (ki runga, ki te 600 mita). A i hangaia ai ki te whakarato i te tautoko e tika ana te ahi (ki te pehi i te ngā puhipuhi). I roto i tenei hononga, ki SVD me kore e hiahiatia i te whānui me te tika o raiwhara kaipupuhi hou. Na reira, ahakoa te tangohanga ki mahi o pū hou pūnaha atu kaha, ko te hōia i roto i kore hohoro ki te hoatu ki runga, a i waiata kï i roto i whawhai. Hei tauira, kei te chambered ope motuhake raiwhara kaipupuhi mō te 8,61 mm me te ki te whakamahi i SVD tonu wahi whai pūkaha.