Taimaha rererangi waka hōia Il-76TD: ngā whakaritenga hangarau

IL-76 - he rererangi waka hōia taimaha, he tauira e rere atu atu i te rau tau hauwhā. Kua Various whakarerekētanga i hanga i runga i tona kaupapa, e rua harangotengote me te hōia. Mutates me te kaipuke ano, tāpiri āhuatanga hou, whakawhānui hunga ngā. Ahakoa te tau, kaua nui, i runga i te pūtake o tenei mīhini e matapae tonu putanga hou.

tauira TD ko tetahi o taua akatuke'anga. aroaro Ilyushin Hoahoa Bureau reira i roto i te 1982, i te tau torutoru i muri i te whakarewatanga o te hanga tauira. E rua pūāhua i roto i te taitara tu hoki "waka roa-whānui." Ētahi atu kōrero e te wehe i tenei putanga, ka titiro tatou i raro.

History o hanga

I roto i te waenganui 60-doma riro OKB Ilyushin he tikanga ki te whakawhanake i te rererangi waka. kawea te mahi i roto i mo te maha o nga tau, a ka mutu i te tahuri o nga 70 '. I roto i te Maehe 1971, kua ara te tauira tuatahi o te waka rererangi IL-76 ki te rangi. I roto i te taua tau i te whakaatu rangi i roto i France, te mea te reira ki te iwi whānui.

I roto i te 1973, tae mai te tauira ki te hanga. Ko te mīhini tuatahi huihui i i te rererangi whakato ratou. Chkalov Tashkent. He tau torutoru i muri, i roto i 1976, ua farii te rererangi me te hōia. Mai taua taime, ka Tashkent te kaihanga matua o tenei tauira. I roto i te hunga taua tau, i te pakarutanga o te whawhai i roto i Afghanistan, a, kia rite ki raraunga unofficial, 95% o te waka, me te waka kaimahi i roto i te akoranga o ngā mahi hōia e whakawhitia ko te taone o te ahumahi rererangi Soviet - IL-76.

Ki te rā, atu whakarerekētanga tata o tenei mīhini hanga tonu te pūtake o te rererangi waka hōia o Russia. Ahakoa pā ana ki te rererangi park utanga - kua ka e ia he rua o pū ërä iti 23 mm kei roto i te wāhanga hiku i roto i Afghanistan tau.

whakaahuatanga

Ko te rererangi waka IL-76 ko te rererangi tuatahi ki te Soviet Union, te tipu te mana matua i te mea turbojets. Ko te toenga o te motokā kei te haere i runga i te mua mō te rererangi taimaha parau tumu kahakina parirau me T-hiawero ki te takere kotahi. Ka taea te huaina He āhuatanga motuhake te taatiraa oti o e rua tari me compartments utanga. Ko te tatau manureva utanga e toru, o nei tetahi me rua i roto i te mua te muri. Tenei whakaritenga e āhei ki te hamaniraa tika ki te awa taunga 4 (te pao muri o kākaho maha), engari i roto i te mahi e kore nei tenei i tono. I roto i te nuinga o te wā, tuha he taunga anake i te pao mua, i i ki te awhina o parachutes hua te muri mīhini taimaha.

I te wa ano, rite tetahi rererangi o tenei momo, kua he taputapu motuhake kei roto i rua nga rarangi, e wha nga huti, me, o te akoranga, e rave rahi winches utanga IL-76TD. muri paerewa hoahoa pao, e toru ngā paki, e rua o nei e whakatuwheratia ki te taha, a ka kua tuku iho te pokapū, hanga he ahua o te rōnaki mō te urunga racking ranei. Haunga ia, te tepu takai utanga mau i reira e rave rahi ara ki te whakahaere i te kaupapa o ngā nui.

E wha motors kaha whakanohoia ki runga ki nga pylons i raro i nga parirau i te rererangi. Kite i te mua ranei i runga ake te mārama kitea e kei nga parirau runga ake te takere, i roto i te ahua o te ngä, tahi ki te mua (i raro nei) ko te nei te rerekētanga āhuatanga i waenganui i te tauira, me hakari i roto i ona whakarerekētanga, tae atu IL-76TD putanga ā-. pūnaha taputapu mano whakaritea i runga i te kaupapa e rima-ira (4 ki raro i te parirau, tetahi i raro i te ihu), ka taea ki a koe te uru i roto i te Unuhia raima kore anake, engari ano hoki ki te tämata.

akatuke'anga

I mua i puta ki te whakarerekētanga, kia tuhia te reira e whanau i te tauira whakaahuatia e tatou i mua i roto i te ora tūturu atu i runga i te pepa. I te tīmatanga, ko enei reta he waka rererangi hōia ki whakapakaritia tāke wahie, me te engines hou. Na, etahi wa i muri, ka timata kaihoahoa ki te hanga i te putanga harangotengote, ko tetahi o nga kōwhiringa hou te ingoa tawhito.

• IL-76 - he rererangi waka hōia. mahi ia rite te tauira mo te raupapa o taraka whai-ake.
• IL-76T - tapiritia he tank wahie anō i roto i tenei whakarerekētanga. riro Putanga he pairati, engari tino taea ake i te nui haere supply o wahie te awhe rere.
• IL-76TD - ka engines turbofan D-30KP-1. Ko tino tuarua ana te whanaketanga o mua te toenga.
• IL-76TDP - tuaruatia ano te whanaketanga mua. tono Main - ahi ngahere, e paku taui te mau utanga, me te pūnaha rere te wai whakaturia.
• A-50 - i roto i te ngakau o tenei whanaketanga ko tonu te tauira ano ki te atu tank wahie. tāuta pūnaha Plane AEW (Mahino Early Whakatūpato, me te Mana).
• Il-76M - ngā putanga mō te Force Air. Ko te wahi hangarau tuarua T putanga, engari kua nga ringa pū, me te kaha o te-50.
• Yl 76MD - putanga hōia atu te AP i tohua. engines New me hōia "whakakī". Taea kawe tāke reo ope hōia o runga ki te 200 iwi ranei.
• Il-76LL - kohia tenei putanga i roto i ngā tārua kotahi, a ko te taiwhanga e rere mo te whanaketanga me te whakamātautau o engines hou. Kiritaki i ngā ratou OKB Ilyushin.
• IL-78 - te rererangi-waka kura. Mōkito kawenga kaingārahu, iti. E rua atu tāke wahie.
• Adman1 - putanga o te A-50, huihui hoki te Force Air i Iraq. i ahau hihiani atu.
• Kei te hoki tonoa mīhini ki te Iraqi Air Force - Adman2. whai wāhi ana tēnei rererangi i roto i te mana me te arata'iraa o whawhai.

whanaketanga ritenga

Haunga te putanga o LL, i hanga nei mo ngā, tukua he torutoru rerekētanga kore-paerewa. E ai ki te kōrero unofficial, i reira i 1-2 i roto i to ratou ake kape, me te kore te ingoa tohu mamati riro. Ka rite ki te tauira taketake mo te katoa i mahi rite IL-76T - rererangi ki te kaha wahie nui haere. I roto ia ratou, ko te hōhipera rere, te kawe o patu taiaho , a tae noa nga tikanga o simulator weightlessness, hangaia mō astronauts.

kaha

I roto i te whanaketanga o tetahi rererangi hou, he aha te momo, me tango kore mea kaihoahoa ki tokomaha o e rua tawhā waho, me te ā pūkete, te kore e kia taea ki te ara ki te rangi te kaipuke. A, no te oti te whanaketanga kei te ka tīmata hanga tauine-tonu, Air, ka whai ki te whakarongo ki te tahi atu āhuatanga kiritaki, engari ko te kotahi o ratou i te noa, me kaihoahoa, me kawe.

Reira - te kaha. te whai wāhi ki te kawe wa kotahi me te hawhe, nui atu i tona tauira IL-76TD i maha whakamohoatanga i. I roto i te waka tuatahi i kauwhautia ai ahua o 28 tana. I roto i te whanaketanga hou - 42, a i roto i te putanga hou - ki runga ki te 60 taranata.

kauhoe

Ka rite ki te nuinga o rererangi waka Soviet, riro te rererangi i te ngingilá porohita i te kopere. Te wahi o runga, te wahi i te mana matua, me raro - te whare tūtohi. Ko te waka o Il-76TD ngā 5 iwi. Tenei pairati tuatahi (ano hoki e mohiotia ana ko Hanga), he paerata tuarua, rere kaipūkaha me te kaiwhakahaere reo irirangi. Ano i roto i te kapa i ahau tetahi wahi o te kaiwhakatere. Ko te rererangi tuatahi me putanga pono hōia i te waka i roto i te rua atu - he pere hoia. herea e manureva ruma tūtohi ahua ahua rerekē o te kopere.

whakakī hou

whakahua Special tika te pūnaha wahie. I roto i te manureva ā angamaheni, ahakoa o te maha o engines, i reira e rua, i ētahi wā e toru tank. ako Paerewa mō tāke mahi hangarau 76TD IL-whakahuatia 12, wehea ki te 4 ngā wāhanga (e motors). I roto i ia o ratou i reira he tonu ratou wehenga ki tāke tuatahi, tuarua, me te tārua. Ko te kupu, ko te pairati he rawaka ngāwari ki te whakahaere i rere wahie, me te tere e taea ariu ki tetahi āhuatanga ohorere. kaha Tapeke o nga waka tauā katoa nui te tohu o 100 mano rita o wahie.

āhuatanga o

Kua arotakehia matou nga tawhā takitahi o te IL-76TD. ka whakaiti Whakatakotoranga te rārangi whānui.

Whakaaro e kua rere maha rererangi atu atu i te rau tau hauwhā, ki timata ki, e te ora ratonga kaiwhakawhanake - 30 tau. Heoi, ko reira ia tapao e te putanga hou ko tonu atu te aho whakaminenga, engari kore i roto i Tashkent, e te whakaaro inaianei ki te kia ki waho, a Ulyanovsk.

• Parirau - 50 m.
• Area Wing - 300 sq. m.
• roa rererangi - 46.5ōrau m, te wehenga utanga - 24.5.
• Teitei (i runga i te takere) - 14.7 m; kapa Truck - 3.4 m.
• Whānuitanga - 3, 45 (utanga wehenga).
• Rōrahi - 321 mita pūtoru. m.

Kia mahara e te wāhanga takere ko te porowhita tino, Me hoki ki te mea e he taea te rererangi ki te tāuta i te rōnaki tuarua, i te roa utanga wehenga paku, engari heke.

Flight raraunga:

• Ko te taimaha iti te wakarererangi - 88 taranata, te mōrahi - 210.
• Tere - 800 km / h, te mōrahi - 850.
• Flight whānui - 4000 km, mōrahi - 6000.
• tuanui Practical - 12,000 m.
• tere tauranga - 210 km / h.
• Ko te roa o te runway mō te wakarererangi (paku) - 850 m, mo te whakatō - 450 m.
• Engines - 4 (hpt 30KP-D-2).
• kaha te pamu - 12 000 kg ia.
• Fuel i roto i tāke katoa - 109,5 l.

He aukati i runga i flights

I tohua te timatanga o te rau tau hou e te pae pango i roto i te whanaketanga o te 76 tauira. I roto i te 2000, kua tightened te ICAO (whakahaere International e tokanga'i te rererangi katoa) nga whakaritenga mo te rererangi hou. Hoki te mīhini e kore e whakatau i te paerewa hou, katia rererangi i roto i Europe, Amerika Te Tai Tokerau, Japan, me te ara Ahitereiria. Ko te kerēme matua ki IL-76 maitai haruru me te rangi parahanga.

Ko te hua ko te ao hou, o te putanga taputapu, i riro i roto i te tua ki te taupū matua 90VD. he piha hou o te waka rererangi, kāore he rere huri noa i te ao, tuku i te taonga i roto i te tino rerekē pito o te ao.

I tēnei wā,

Mai i mahi te whati tuatahi o te 76th i roto i te Air Force o te Union o te 15 tau, me te haere tonu ki te mahi ki nga whenua Kihi. putanga New i Russia, Ukraine, Peraruhia me ētahi atu whenua. He maha ngā rau waka i huihui hoki kaweake. I tua atu ki te ope, ko reira taea ki te whakaingoa i te torutoru hanganga e IL-76TD whakamahia tenei ra. Mes, ratonga whawhati tata, ope haumaru, me pera me etahi o nga Air whai wāhi i roto i te waka utanga anake. He he ara he whakarōpū unofficial: AN-124 - te supersize, tetahi o te 747 "Boeing" - te roa, ko IL-76 - te tino maha-whakaaro.

mutunga

IL-76TD - e kore e iti iho te rererangi utanga harangotengote, i te mea e kore e rite te pai mohiotia rite te hoahoa Antonov, engari, ahakoa, te whakawhetai ki te taea o te ū ki e rua i runga i whenua me te i runga i Unuhia raima i whānui. Ahakoa neke atu i te tau kaumatua, kua mahi tenei tauira, me te pea te mahi tonu rite te tauira mo te hou, hou, engari e kore e ngaro i te ahua huatau o te mau, me te hōia nga "taraka".