Tāutanga o whakaīngoatia ahi aunoa (wae pehanga)

Me kore e tetahi ki te korero ki a koutou pehea kino tetahi ahi, a pehea pakeke ko reira ki te whawhai i te ahi, i te mea nehenehe o te torutoru haora ki te whakangaro i te hua o te maha nga tau o te mahi o te ringa tangata ki te tangata ia ia. Heoi, i mua ko te reira. Heoi, kei te haere mai te wa, a ki reira whakawhanake pūtaiao. I teie mahana, te iwi kua ako ki te mahi ki te ahi, me te mohio e pā ana ki te riri o te ahi i te kau ina kua tika puta mai te mura, a kahore he uaua e pā ana ki reira. ka taea tenei katoa ki te taeraa mai o te pūrere pērā i te tāutanga o te whawhai ahi aunoa.

He aha te mea te reira? He aha e nga whāinga?

Pūnaha me tāuta mō te whawhai ahi, rite ki te tikanga, he wahi o nga whakaaro matatini hangaia ki te whakarite i te haumaru ahi whānui o te whare hanganga ranei. Ratou whakaaro matua ko ki te ārai i te horapa o te mura me te hono i te pakanga ki te āhuatanga i roto i te wāhanga tuatahi.

Enei whakaaro he wāhanga kōwhiringa o te pūnaha ahi-tupohe i. Heoi, i te taua wāhi, te wahi i reira he he nui ake te mōrea o te ahi, me te horapa tere o te mura, a te wahi i reira he kore pea o te hōneatanga whawhati tata o te iwi paea i te rohe o te whakangaromanga ahi, aunoa pūnaha ahi pehanga (uPA), ka taea e tatou te mea koha noa.

Ka taea e te pūnaha ahi-whawhai aunoa e huaina te huinga o ngā pūrere, i te mea whaiaro-whakahohe ka pouri koutou te mana i roto i te tawhā rohe tiaki me ngā āhuatanga mo paepae.

He āhuatanga motuhake o enei whakaaro - te mahia o ratou mau ohipa ei te whakaoho ahi aunoa. Enei huānga e te nuinga o ngā i roto i te pūnaha whānui o te ahi whawhai, kia whakarite te paetae o tetahi, a pai e rave rahi whāinga, te nui te nuinga o nei ko:

- te whakakorenga o te ahi i roto i te ahanoa tiaki ki runga ki te kau, ka e tae uara tino āhuatanga pātīmata;

- mai te whakakorenga o te ahi i te aroaro o te ahi i te rohe o waihanga i te whare;

- te whakakorenga o te ahi mua atu e kia meinga kino mōrahi ki rawa, me te rauemi uara;

- mutunga o tukanga parariraa te aroaro o reira ko te ati o te whakangaromanga o wae tukatuka, me i te ahanoa ki kia tiakina.

I tua atu, i roto i nga mahi tino nui e me tika te mahi i te pūnaha ahi whakanoatanga aunoa, i reira he pēnei i ki te āwhina whawhati tata whakarite i te wāhi noho haumaru mō ngā iwi e noho i runga i te pae.

Rerekē o ngā tāuta aunoa

I te kau, i reira e maha ngā kōwhiringa mō te tāuta aunoa mo te ahi whawhai. Ka taea e koe te whakarōpū ratou i roto i te maha o ngā huarahi. Na roto i te hoahoa, ka taea e enei whakaaro e whakahiato, modular, waipuke, me te sprinkler. Na roto i te ara o tupohe i ahi, taea e ratou mōmona, me te rohe rohe.

Na roto i te ara o te actuation (ranei keu) huinga, e taea te wehea ratou ki ā-, aunoa, me te ki rerekē momo o actuators (hiko, waipēhi, whāhauhau, pūkaha, ngā).

E ai ki tenei take, kia rite ki te tūpuku, ahi aunoa tupohe i tāutanga taea te wehea ki ultrafast, nui-tere ranei tūpuku iti, tūpuku reo, me te nui haere.

Haunga te runga ake, Whakaröpütia tupohe i tāuta rite ki te roa o te kaihoko ahi whakanoatanga. Ka taea te pākau i ratou, poto, reo, me te roanga roa o te mahi.

Heoi, i roto i ngaio me kiritaki noa i roto i te pai mōhiotia ko te whakarōpū o te momo o te taonga e whakamahia ana mō te tupohe i te mura. E ai ki tenei take, ka taea te wehea whakaoho ahi aunoa me te tāuta whawhai ahi ki te wai, pahuka, hau rehu, paura, me te mamaoa.

tāutanga hāngai pahuka i

Aunoa tāutanga pahuka i te ahi whawhai ko tetahi o te uaua tino, no te mea te reira atu ngā huarahi e tahuri te puehu o te hanganga motuhake ki te pahuka (i huaina sprinklers generators steam ranei). I tua atu, me ngā otaota pahuka i (i roto i ngā, i roto i te putorino ahi) mo te wātea o ngā motuhake tāke ranei, i roto i nei rongoa te kareti mo pahuka i hanga rite kē waihanga ranei.

Taupānga o te hanganga oti, me te faaineineraa o te pahuka i tika i roto i te tukanga o tupohe i te ahi - ko te mahinga e rua parau tumu whakahaere rerekē AUPT. Hoki ia o enei tikanga e te āhuatanga e rua ona āhuatanga pai me te kino. Ki te utu koe i te aho i waenganui ia ratou ko pono te noho, e taea te mea te reira e ka i te tāutanga o te whawhai ahi aunoa, e te aro ki te faaineine i pupuri i te pahuka i me te wai te wehe, atu whai hua mo te tiaki o ngā o wāhi nui.

Tāutatanga ki te rite mō te whakamahi tonu o te hanganga e tika ana ake mo te whakakorenga o te ahi ki te wāhi iti o te ahanoa, no te mea i reira e he maha o ngaahi tōnounou e whakaatu i rokiroki rōrahi feunga nui o te papatipu pahuka i. I roto i te tino tino taea te tāutuhia e whai ake. Ko te hanganga whakamutunga kua he ora papa iti, ie. E. Me whakakapi reira wā, e faatupu te hua i roto i te utu moni (i te mea rite ki te rahi o te tank). I tua atu, ki te hiahiatia te upoko ki te whakarato wai ahi, hanga ana e ia kahore tikanga ki te haumi i roto i te hanga o te awa nui. I tua atu, whakapā atu ki te hanganga pahuka i, me te kore he tika te raima, e ko, ka whai ki te taupoki ana i te mata i roto o te ipu mō te pupuri epoxy mastic, e, ano, whakanuia ana te utu. Ae, tāke, me te nui tino fakafaingata'a'ia'i te tukanga o te tuku o te pahuka i tawhito, me te whakakapi i te reira ki te kotahi hou.

tāutanga aunoa o te pahuka i whakanoatanga whakaatu ano te nuinga tōtika i roto i ngā o te tono i roto i ngā tipu matū me te matūngahinu, i runga i nei rongoa ko te rota o wai he pūkākā. whakatikaia ano e ratou te whakamahi i roto i warehouses me whakaheke ki te tikanga, e ko, te wahi i reira e te nuinga o te iwi torutoru, me kahore ara ki hohoro fetukutuku te uara rauemi.

pūnaha wai hoki te ahi whawhai

Installations e whakamahi wai i roto i te tino pūkenga whakaritea ki nga etahi katoa, no te mea e taea te whakamahi e ratou te wahi te haumaru o te iwi, me te taea o te hōneatanga ohotata ko te whāinga, matua i runga i ētahi atu (tari, pūtahi tūmatanui, me te pera i runga i. D.) katoa.

Installations e whakamahi wai mo te tupohe i ahi, kia wehea ki e rua ngā momo: rohe (sprinkler) me te tiaki i te whare katoa rite te katoa (waipuke).

rite rawa te ki te whakautu pūnaha tino motuhake - tāutanga aunoa o ngā pūnaha sprinkler ( "tafé mōnehunehu" i sprincle Ingarihi). A, no te rēhita i roto i tetahi wāhi o te mata e tiakina meka te whakanui ake te pāmahana i te reira (UAPT) takitahi whakahohe me ka tukua te jet o wai miro atomized rite tata rite taea ki te pūtake wera.

Ki te tīpako koe pai UAPT ratou tirohanga wai, he mea e tika ana ki te aro ki te momo o te waeine mana ( "maroke" ranei "mākū"). Ko te Kei te nuinga whakamahia i roto i nga ruma haaveavea me whakaurunga tuatahi, me te tuarua ( "mākū") - kei hea te pāmahana ko kore i raro kore.

tāutanga waipuke o te ahi whakanoatanga (aunoa), pērā sprinkler kore motuhake. Ratou mahi tonu i roto i te taupiri ki te pūnaha ahi whakaoho e whakahohetia ratou. e kore e whakaaro waipuke rawa ki pūoko, e e whakatau i te wāhi o te puna o nui haere teplootdeleniya me ki fakafekau'aki ratou mau tautooraa i roto i tenei aronga. E i te mahi hipoki ēnei tautuhinga e ki te wai te mata e wātea ana katoa i roto i te rohe tiaki.

Ki te te hoatu hiahia ki kōwhiringa UAPT wai, e ti'a ia tatou mahara e taea ki te tauhohe ki etahi pūhui organometallic me pūhui wai ko. Ko te hua o enei tauhohe kia te tuku o ngā matū paitini ki te rangi, e, o te akoranga, ka hanga tikanga e arai atu hōneatanga, me taea kino ratou hauora. Hoki tenei take, te whakamahi o te momo wai aunoa ahi tupohe i tāuta e te tikanga Kāore mo te hunga ahanoa momo ahumahi te wahi whai wāhi waro, rino, carbides whakarewa i roto i te huringa hangarau, me te m. P. ano, tutuki te pānga e hiahiatia ana i roto i te wā i reira e UAPT wai whakamahia ki te whakakore i mura i roto i ngā wāhi i roto i nei e penapena fluids pūkākā ki te pāmahana ngingiha kore ki runga ake i 90 nekehanga.

TRV tāutanga

I reira, whakawhanakehia reira me pai whakaurua ahurei te hangarau hou o mahi o te tāutanga o te ahi whakanoatanga. e kore e hipoki whakatupuranga hou o ngā pūrere aunoa ki te kahu angiangi o te wai te mata e wātea ana, me te maputia te wai i roto i rūrūtia iti tika ki te mura. Nga evaporates wai, ai te hono i te ahi. E mohiotia taua taputapu rite pūnaha kohu wai ahi tupohe i (TEV). Haunga here o tuwhera whakaetonga ahi o te ahu wai ki nui haere vaporization. Te korohū i roto i te tahuri, te whakaiti i te nui i roto i roto i te wāhi hāora noa kopakia ana me te kupu Kōpeke te taea o ngā tukanga parariraa. Ko te hua o taua apparatuses te rongo he localization mōrahi o te puna o te ahi, tona wehenga, me te oti ngaro o te mura.

ahi aunoa tupohe i ki tono o te mahi hangarau atomization tōtika i roto i aua wāhi i reira rongoa fluids pūkākā me tito. Ano, e taea taua AUPT ki te aukati i te tukanga ngingiha pōreareatanga e huringa ohorere i roto i te ngaohiko mains. I roto i te wā pērā maha i ki te whawhai ahi ki tupohe i taputapu hiko i raro i ngaohiko. Whakarato e te sprayer wai kia me he ahanoa tahu i te tawhiti o te iti rawa 1 m tae uara ngaohiko whakaaetia ake ki 36,000 V.

I tua atu, ko te kapua o rūrūtia rawa pai o te wai - absorbent pai rua here te waro haukura, pungarehu, me te tahi atu matūriki e taea meinga kino nui ki whēkau o respiration tangata. Ko te tukanga o te tupohe i tāutanga TPB e kore ārai i te hōneatanga o iwi (te mea e tika ana) me te tiaki o te taonga.

I roto i nga drawbacks torutoru o enei whakaaro - te ngoikore ki te whakamahi ia ratou i roto i nga wahi i reira i reira ko te mōrea o te whakapā ki te pūhui organometallic.

Tikanga te momo hau

Modern Freon liquefied ranei hauota kōpeke, hauhauā, Inergen tukua he tangata ki te hinga i te ahi i roto i aua wahi i reira e kore e taea hoki ki enei take te whakamahi i ngā rawa wai (whare, te wahi i reira kia kia he taiawhio poto, he pātaka o ngā mōhiohio, whare pukapuka, whare taonga, mahi).

I roto i ngā wāhi e tiakina e te wae pehanga hau ahi, ki runga ki te takanga o triggering meka kia whakaurua ngā pūrere me huarahi o te marama (te tuhituhinga "Gas -! Haere atu" ka "hau -! Kore tomo e") A te tangi o te pānui ahi. Peheé ko nga titauraa o te pūnaha GOST.

Tāutanga o whakaīngoatia hau ahi (aunoa) waihanga i tētahi taiao i reira te whanaketanga o te ahi e taea i roto i te parau tumu. Ko te tino watea hoki ngā wāhi ki te mōrea tiketike o te horapa o te mura tenei. Ki te he iti te rohe o te ahi, me e kore e rapua e te whakataki o buka nui o hau, he taea te whawhai te ahi noa kahore hōneatanga mua. Heoi, kia mōhio e hau i roto i pota nui e taea meinga kino nui ki te hauora tangata.

Whakamahia tāuta hau mō te whawhai ahi whakatikaia i roto i te wā o te ahi i roto i nga wāhi mana supply i runga i chp me TPP (tupohe i generators roto i te take o te tono o te meangiti te hauwai-momo) mo ngā ahanoa mo te hanga o ngā rauemi ngāwari pūkākā, i roto i te waka roa-tawhiti, i roto i warehouses ki uara. I roto i te whare pukapuka, me te whare taonga e taea te whakamahi taua tāuta ka rongoa tao'ao me pākiki i raro i te karaihe.

I te wa ano e ti'a ia tatou mahara e kore ko te tāutanga taea rauemi ahi-tupohe i aunoa e hāngai ana hau-whai hua te wahi tahu, kahore te hāora i roto i tenei tukanga. No pūrere taua tono i roto i te wā i reira e pängia ana ki te ngingiha māhorahora, me te porokeretia (maramara rakau, rapa, miro, a na i runga i. P.), hoki etahi momo o konganuku e taea tauhohe ki te haurehu ki rauemi pyrophoric nga rauemi.

puehu ahi tupohe i tāuta hāngai

I tēnei wā, ko te tino pinepine (80% o te wā), katoa momo whakaahuatia i mua o ngā pūnaha ahi-tupohe i aunoa he UAPT iho momo paura. Tenei whanui o tono e tika ana ki te maha o ngā painga. Tuatahi, he pūkenga enei whakaaro nui (pea noa ki te whakamahi i tinei hiko). Tuarua, Ko roa nui te ora kaiwhakahohe papa, e kore te mea nui o te wero tona ora. I tua atu, pera rohe tiketike pāmahana UAPT, a he kore-paitini ratou.

momo Tāuta o paura taea ki te whawhai ahi, Class A, B, me C, e nui whakarei ake ratou whai wāhitanga i roto i te toremi o ahi i roto i te wāhi mamao, te wahi ētahi wā whai koe ki te tatari mo te awhina mo te wa roa.

he whai hua i roto i te ahi i runga i te hinu, me te köurarangi whakaurunga Tāutanga o te ahi aunoa tupohe i ki tono o puehu, ka mahi ki ngā hiko me kōpuku. Heoi, ka kore te hua e hiahiatia ana kia tutuki ki te kore e te rauemi tahu, e ki te paturu tenei tukanga hiahia hāora, me te hunga e te hunga e pängia ana ki te ngingiha māhorahora me te pirau.

He hotokore ki ngā pūnaha protivodymovoy ventilation te pūrere tupohe i te ahi. A mai i te muri me tika kia hakari i reira e tonu te iwi, ka kiia te wahi o te paura UAPT ahumahi whakaurunga, warehouses me huna.

rehu-momo taputapu

tāutanga aunoa o te aerosol ahi - ko reira he pūrere-whakaaro kotahi. e kore e taea te whakamahi ratou mo tupohe i ahi matū pea mōrearea, me te wahi e tonu nei te iwi. Ko te hanganga rawa o te aerosol waiwai kinokore, me te kore e taea e ki te meinga tetahi wharanga nui. Heoi, ko te faahouhia autonomously, whakaoho tāutanga ahi aunoa me te aerosol hāngai-ahi e kore e tukua te iwi kia kite i te wahi i te ara mo te hōneatanga.

Nā ki te tōtika tiketike o enei ahi UAPT ki o ratou iwi whakakorenga katoa taea tatari i roto i te whare. Ko he mea nui ki te whai me te ki te tango i nga mehua e tika ana ki te aukati i te pahūtanga ano tāuta tika ki te nui tīwera pēhanga oscillation ā-ki te faatura ki te pāmahana waho.

Pūrere rehu-momo pai kï i roto i te wā i reira e hiahiatia ki te tinei i te ahi, i whakapataritari e te rahunga i roto i te supply mana. Whai hua otaota pērā me te i roto i te mana o te takenga tangata-i hanga o ahi. Ko reira pai mō te haumaru ahi mō waka nui, whakaurunga hinu, a na i runga i. N.

Heoi, he taua ahi aunoa tupohe i tāutanga, me te kïia e te whakamahi i aerosols kore e taea e ki te whakakore rawa i te pirau i roto i te papa i roto (maiengi, rauemi kaiota te), me te parariraa waho te aroaro o te hāora.

Tāutanga o mahi motuhake me te pānga

Hereinabove whakaahuatia, i nuinga o te wā, aunoa whakanoatanga ahi whakaritea, engari me ratou i reira ko te ariā o te pūnaha motuhake, me te ahi whawhai. He aha te mea te reira?

pūnaha motuhake anake he ahei o te kimi arotahi o te whakawhitinga wera nui haere, ka whakatau ki runga ki te hiahia ki te whakahohe i te tukanga ahi-tupohe i. taea ēnei whakaaro kia tino pēnei UAPT wai me te hau momo. Kei te nuinga o rite rawa taua pūnaha ki pūoko motuhake e he tairongo ki te pāmahana piki tautuhi i te matūriki tēnā i roto i te hanganga rangi ranei. Ki te whakaritea enei āhuatanga, tuku pūoko he tohu ki te rōpū ake mō te tātari me te whakahau i te whakahohenga mo te whakaaro o te mahi tukanga (i roto i te take o te tūpono kitea o te ahi). Hoki kia rerekē ngā momo rerekē o te tāuta raupapa paku, engari i roto i nuinga o te wā i te hātepe tūturu "tuakiri - tono - whakahohenga".

Ko te kupu, nga wae here no ki tāuta motuhake aunoa ahi-tupohe i, me te pūrere kite e rere a, i roto i te meka, te pūrere hoki whakanoatanga ahi tika. Ko te tuatahi, o te akoranga, e taea te huaina te wae tino nui o te tāutanga pūhiko. Na roto i te kimi whakaaro me te rere ngā pūhohe ahi whakanoho iho pākahiko ranei te mana whakaputa Ākinga Pūngao mā te whakamahi i te pōkai arataki. Hoki, ngā enei whakaaro wiki, me te puehu thermally kōkiri.

I tua atu, pinepine i roto i ngā utanga motuhake te whakaratohia hoki pūnaha whakarewanga ā-e āhei rerengamahi whakahohe waho tatari mo te kau e nui te pāmahana o te rohe tiaki te uara tino. Ko tenei mahi rawa, tino whai hua, mai taea maha te tangata ite me te huru ki tohu o te ahi whakawhanake (kirika, haunga, paoa, a na i runga i. N.) He nui mua atu i ka meinga e te reira i te pūnaha pūkaha o pūoko.

awhe utu

Tāuta aunoa whawhai ahi tāutanga whakaritea ki te tiaki i to ratou mau fare, e mea faufaa ki te patua te pauna, e kore e ngana ana ki te whakaora i te wahi e kore e tenei tukua, engari kahore e maka ana moni anō, no te mea te ahi - te āhuatanga onge, me te tiaki o te pūtea ahi tupohe i whakaritea ki tona uara tuatahi.

I teie mahana, te UAPT paura me te aerosol momo āta whakaaro tino ngāwari, rite te mahi kino tūnguru ki uara rauemi, me te nuinga kino ki te tipu me te kararehe. Paku atu te utu tāuta hau e: kahore he kino ki te taonga, engari titau te reira hiritia ana te whare, me te mua hōneatanga-o te iwi. tāutanga pahuka atu te utu, engari te tikanga e kore e tono i roto i te hanga whare tūmataiti, me he pai hoki warehouses me hangars ki taputapu.

Ka taea e te utu tino e huaina te pūnaha tonkostruynogo rehu o te wai, e kore e nei i roto i tetahi ara pokanoa ki te hōneatanga o iwi, tukua ki te eke i roto i te ahi i roto i te ruma noa ratou whakakorenga katoa, me te kore e meinga tetahi kino ki te uara rauemi. Rūrūtia o wai kia iti e whakapā ki te mura evaporates mua i te taenga o te mata. Hoki, i hanga mamaoa e i roto i te tukanga whakanoatanga, e ārai te horapa o te ahi, me te whakaiti i te pāmahana i roto i te rūma.