Tepu wā o Pushkin. Ko te ora, me te mahi o Pushkin

He nui, me te mutunga auaha Russian poto tuhituhi A. S. Pushkina e he reira taea ki te whakaaro. Poto tepu wā o Pushkin, o te akoranga, e kore e taea e te reira i te pai katoa. Kei te whakaaro ia ki te kaiwhakarewa o te reo Russian hou. Kaituhi, rohi pehe, pakiwaitara, me te Pilitānia Pushkin aroha ki te pānui i te taha o milioni o te iwi huri noa i te ao. Kua roa haere te wa o Pushkin. Ko ora tona taonga tuku auaha tonu tona ora tuhituhinga i runga i te atamira, me te i roto i te pikitia, e mau ana i te tikanga taumauri me whiti hohonu, e oroko ia i roto i tona ara ake, tae noa ki te mātauranga, me te whakangungu, me te whanaketanga morare, me te wairua.

Pedigree Pushkin

Hei mahino te kite auaha, me te lyrical huru A. S. Pushkina, me tuatahi titiro koe i tona koioranga e ia ia he rawa te tupuhi, me te ngā. tepu wā o Pushkin (tona ora, me te mahi) kei te rota o ngā rā nui. I roto i te wā poto ngā o te ora ruri i ki a ia, i taea ki te ake ake waiho te mahara e ngaropoina ana o ia ia, whakawhetai ki ana mahi tahuti ore.

Nui-koroua o te rohi pehe i e Aperama Petrovich Hannibal - kiriweti Etiopiana, matua wairua, me te mōkai Tsar Pita ahau, e meinga he whānui rongonui o te ope Russian me te hanga pā tino.

Kei te mohiotia te reira e A. S. Pushkin ko te uri o te rangatira, engari rawakore ahua Ioanna Groznogo wā tawhito. Sergey Lvovich Pushkin - te matua o te rohi pehe - ko he Major mutu, i marena te wahine hapori Hope Osipovna, nee Hannibal. whakaaro ratou faaipoiporaa i misalliance, rite a ratou he nui rerekētanga tau.

whaea o Pushkin ko he-irāmutu nui o tana tahu, Sergeyu Lvovichu. Ua faaipoipohia raua i roto i 1796. i kaha nui ratou faaipoiporaa. a ratou e waru tamariki, engari e rima o ratou mate i roto i te kōhungahunga. He i anake te maha Olga, Alexander ko Leo, e mahi i roto i te mātauranga whakakapi e te kaiako ke.

Childhood Pushkin, 1799-1811

Te tamaiti, nei ka karanga ratou Alexander, i whanau i roto i te 1799, Mei 26 (kia rite ki te maramataka hou, Hune 6). Na ka noho ana matua i roto i Moscow, i roto i nga huarahi o te Tiamana i roto i te whare Skvortsova. tupu nui-spirited me ngahau te tamaiti, aroha noa toku ake kuia, Gannibal Mariya Alekseevna, i roto i nei ia maha noho i roto i te tapa Zakharov. meinga ia te tuatahi tonu ki te tāpiri i tona mokopuna ki te pānui i me te tuhituhi me te korero kōrero o pakiwaitara utuafare. ko te tona hoa pai tuarua tona kuia tino, Arina. Hare ki ia i roto i te iti te aroha pakiwaitara Russian pukenga ake nei.

Kua i maheni ki whare pukapuka o tona papa iwa nga tau Pushkin a i hiahia i roto i te tai'oraa i te mahi o kaitito rongonui me ngā kaituhi pērā i Homer, Voltaire, Plutarch, a na i runga i. D. Faauruhia e nga mahi o Moliere, i tuhituhi e ia tona pehepehe tuatahi i roto i French, e ngana ana tona taranata e kore ano i whakakitea i roto i te versification Russian.

Lyceum, 1811-1817

I roto i te ngahuru o 1811 whakauru Pushkin i roto i te teitei institution mātauranga, te Imperial Tsarskoye selo Lyceum mo nga tama a te rangatira. Ko konei te reira e hanga e Pushkin ratou ake huru me te tōrangapū whakapono, kua whakakitea reira rite he punake nui. mahi wehe, tona huru lyrical ki whakaongaonga, me te koa. E haamata te reira i te Lyceum kohua tūturu whiti ora o Pushkin.

tuhituhi e ia e pā ana ki 130 rotarota, tae atu "te Matapihi", "Ki te hoa i te rohi pehe", "hinaaro", me ētahi atu. Ko te reo taketake, me te tapatahi o te whakaaturanga ngā ana whiti i nga mahi o te tahi atu kaitito o nāianei taitamariki. kite fakaanga VG Belinsky kē i roto ia ia nga makings o te punake motu heke mai. I roto i ona akoranga i te Lyceum Pushkin i uru ki te porowhita tuhituhi "Arzamas", whakaputaina i roto i te "Russian muzeum" moheni, ka timata te ruri "Ruslan me Lyudmila".

Pushkin ko Derzhavin 1815

Kei tepu wā Pushkin tetahi hui rawa ngā, me te nui hoki te rohi pehe, e ka kia i kotahi haamana'o ia i roto i tona tohinoa. Kotahi ra i roto i te Hānuere 1815, i te Lyceum i te iwi whānui i tae i kua te whakamātautau tawhito rawa Derzhavin. ngā ākonga katoa o te Lyceum i rawa manavasii i mua i te mahi. A, no te haere Pushkin ki te pānui i tona rotarota "Memoirs i Tsarskoye selo" Derzhavin tonu ka rawa waituhi, ona kanohi kanapa tonu. ka haere Pushkin ki te wahi, e faahiti te ingoa o Derzhavin, ngateri ana tona reo i roto i, a ka anga tona ngakau ki te tuki i. Ka mutu ia, ko Derzhavin ngākau nui, me te tonu hiahia ki te awhi i te tamaiti pūmanawa, engari i mawhiti Pushkin, a ka kore te reira i kitea tika.

I roto i te raumati o ngā ākonga lyceum 1817 haere i te whakamātautau whakamutunga. tino kia whakahuatia te reira e ka whai wāhi ngā ākonga e rave rahi hoa kura nui i roto i te ngangaretanga Decembrist i roto i 1825. I muri i te tuku o te kōrero haurongo o Pushkin te whiwhi i te tahuri hou, a ka tīmata te rohi pehe he ora ātahu motuhake.

Petersburg ora, 1817-1820

i muri tonu mahue te Lyceum, Pushkin i St Petersburg, a tomo ana ki te mahi i roto i te State College o Foreign Affairs. He ka te ki tonu te ora o te rohi pehe ngahau me te puoro e kore anake, e faaite mai ia te rua ahu whakamua o te mea ïa, whakaaro ohaoha me tōonga, i noho i te wa o te tamarikitanga kahurangi. e tuhituhi e ia tona rongonui ode "Liberty", te whiti "Hei Chaadaev", "Te Village" ko T. D. Pushkin te hoko rawa rongonui, me te tuakiri pai-mohiotia i roto i ngā porowhita fakamāmaní, meinga ana rotarota tōrangapū tūturu moni i roto i te iwi whānui. utua ia hoki tenei. Tsar Alexander hiahia ahau ki te unga Pushkin i whakaraua i Siberia. Ko te inoi a Zhukovsky ko Karamzin whakaora i te rohi pehe mata'u ore i tenei whiu kino, a ka ka tonoa e ia ki te mahi i roto i te Caucasus.

hono Tonga, 1820-1822

I te tuatahi i noho ia i roto i te Caucasus, ka haere ki te Crimea, Kishinev, Odessa. Neke atu i te nga tau i roto i te whakahekenga atu tonga, whakaaro ia he rota me mahi hakune i taua mahi rongonui rite "Herehere o te Caucasus" me "Te puna o Bakhchisarai". I te wa ano i tuhituhi e ia he parody o te pehepehe "Gabrieliad" whiua te aamu o te Evanelia Tapu, aha ka e tatarahapa no te ora. Otiia ka, he taitamariki, me te wera, ko reira tonu matara rawa atu i reira, pera i roto i te Chisinau piri te moe Masonic.

Hono i roto i St Michael, 1824-1825

Hoki te whai wāhitanga i roto i te Freemasonry, i puta Alexander ahau he tikanga i kiia te August 1, 1822, ka tono tangata A. S. Pushkina i raro i te whare hopu i tona wahi whānau kainga Mikhailovskoye e tata ana Pskov. I muri kua puta ke te ora î me hoihoi Odessa Pushkin o, ko te tino pouri, a pokaia ana e ia ki reira lyrics te pehi. ka koe anake tona whakaoranga, a puritia te itoito. pau ia tata e rua nga tau. Nanny Arina i roto i te ahiahi manuhiri ana tales. marama tona ora mokemoke ake me te haerenga ki te hoa-rangatira whare Praskovya Alexandrovna Osipova, te wahi ia kotahi aitua tutaki Anna Kern, ki nei i muri irava i whakatapua "mahara ahau he momeniti faahiahia."

I roto i te Mikaera, ka anga ano ia te mahi i runga i te whakaari hītori "Boris Godunov", maha toro te whare pukapuka Svyatogorsk Tapu Dormition Monastery, korero ana ki a te kuraina, huri ana whakaaro me te ora i te pae varua. Mai tona pene i roto i "Eugene Onegin" me te whiti "Gypsies". Heoi haere ana nga whakarau tau Pushkin.

Wedding ki Natalia Goncharova

Pushkin, taumau ki Goncharova, i takoha ki te waiho i roto i Boldin ki noho ratou take kainga, a ka i ia ki reira noho hoki e toru nga marama. Rere atu i whakaaro pouri, mahi ia pakeke, me mahi o te korero rongonui patupaiarehe "Little ri'ari'ae", "Tales o te Late Ivana Vasilevicha Belkina", kahore nei te hohore i tenei ra i tuhituhia e tetahi kaituhi o te haurongo o Pushkin.

whakanohoia i raro tepu wā, e kore e utua whakarongo ki te meka nui e i roto i Moscow i tanguru 1831 A. S. Pushkin karaunatia ki Natalie Goncharova. Te faaipoiporaa ki a ia i pono mate hoki ia, ka kawea ia e rua oaoa, i te pouri. Ko na ataahua tana wahine e te reira e kore e haurangi anake nga kotiro marae, engari ano hoki te rawa-rangatira rangatira.

Ko te hapu o Pushkin i wha tamariki. Na ka mahi ia i te marae o Tsar Nicholas ahau-gentleman o te whare moenga. Otiia ko te paetukutuku raro o te rangatira, e whakama te rangatiratanga o te rohi pehe tenei. E kore e nui te moni, na te hapu i tipu nama, me tenei katoa ngoikore Pushkin. I roto i tenei wa i tuhituhi e ia kōrero poto, "te Kuini o Hāwara", "Te parahi kaieke", te pūrākau "Dubrovsky", e whakaotia me kihai i whai wa.

I muri i te ia rihaina ia, mahi pakeke i roto i te pukapuka kāwanatanga, ka hiahia ki te tuhituhi e pā ana ki Pugachev, hanga he "Contemporary" makasini, te wahi tāngia N. V. Gogol, AI Turgenev, VA Zhukovsky, engari kihai i mea ladyatsya.

Duel ki Dantes

Pushkin me tana wahine whatunga āta Opletal o hinana me ngautuara, rite tamau taitamariki Wīwī Dantes kihai i tukua i te wahi o Natalia Goncharova. Katahi Pushkin, te parururaa i te kororia o tona wahine, me tona hapu, i takoha noa ki Teuere Dantes a'ee tū January 27, 1837. Tenei Tūkorehu A. i werohia S. Pushkin. I muri e rua nga ra i roto i te St. Petersburg, mate ia i te oto o fakamamahi me te mate o te toto, he meneti torutoru i mua i tona matenga i te tahi o te Siu tohunga.

February 6 1937, i tanumia ia i roto i te urupā o te Dormition Tapu Monastery, kei nei i 5 km i te whenua o te rohi pehe, te kainga o Mikhailovskoye Pskov rohe utuafare.

Tenei te he ia - he ataahua, kanapa, engari rawa poto - kōrero ora e Pushkin, te punake nui Russian. Na e taea anake to'utangata tatarahapa e pera wawe a pera fakamamahi mutu tona ora.

Poto tepu wā o te ora o Pushkin

ko dazzlingly kanapa, me te kukū Life A. S. Pushkina. Otiia e kore e rite ki hari rite e hiahia ana tatou. Tenei tepu wā Pushkin he anake wahi iti o te mau ohipa i ia ki te mau i te punake nui kei.