TU-134: Whakatakotoranga

Ko tētahi o te rongonui rererangi Soviet rererangi ka mau ki te rangi i roto i te 1963.

Te hanga waka rererangi

I āhuatanga te timatanga o nga Heoi i te huringa o whakatupuranga o rererangi. Te whakawhiti i te kōkeke ki rererangi pāhihi jet hiahiatia ki te hanga mihini hou e whakarei hau waka. I tua atu, i te hua i roto i te nekeneke taupori me te whanaketanga ōhanga kua hanga he tono kaha mō ngā ratonga rangi waka.

I taukei kē te ūnga tino rongonui kōkeke rererangi no ki te whakarōpū hou o poto-hao. Ko reira i tenei āputa ki te tango i te airliner kōpana TU-134.

Te tahora whānui

I whakawhanakehia e te kaupapa i roto i te Tupolev hoahoa e hāngai ana i runga i ngā tauira whakatinana i mua. wheako Rich i roto i te hoahoa o te waka hōia nui, me te rererangi haukāinga, ngā te tono angitu o rongoā hoahoa me te engineering. whakamahia matou he backlog o mīhini hangaia i mua. kawea ratou te manureva TU-134 ngā e whakarite mahi roa, me te angitu.

I te wa ano i puta mai te rererangi tanupoú i roto i ngā huarahi maha. Raukaha o te mīhini hora i ono tekau ki te waru tekau iwi, i runga i te tahora rānei. Tono i runga i ngā ara ao ki te roto o te mīhini, kua wehea ki ngā akomanga e hāngai iti pāhihi.

Hoki ngā ūnga kāinga kaupapa hōpa pāhihi kahore akomanga, i ko e waru tekau iwi kaha. Ko te rererangi Tu-134 i runga i te maha o ngā whakarerekētanga taimaha rānei ke i roto i te whānuitanga o wha tekau-whitu ki te wha tekau-iwa taranata.

engines

E rua turbojet engines o te whanaketanga kāinga whakanohoia tata te hiku. Tenei gondolas āhuatanga maitai pai te hiahia o te tīmatanga unpaved me airfields painga rawa, te ārai i te kătahi o ngā ke ki te engines. kua tae Akina o ia pūkaha whitu taranata, e āhei tīmata ki runways poto.

I roto i te heke mai, ake engines, me whakakapi i roto i te nāna. Ina tauihi ana tere rererangi tae TU-134 waru rau e rima tekau kiromita ia haora i roto i te engines putanga tuatahi. Ki te tāutanga o te wae mana whakarerekētia, nui haere te reira ki te wha tekau kiromita ia haora.

tangi engine i rawe ki Tu-134, tata ki te reo o whakatangi puku wāhi recognizability nui rererangi rongonui. ka tahuri te taumata whānui o te haruru whakaputaina e te pūkaha i te tīmatanga me te piki atu ki te kia tiketike rawa. arahina ana tēnei ki ngā raruraru ki te mahi o te waka rererangi i roto i rererangi ao i muri i te tightening o nga ture o te parahanga oro.

whanaketanga o te tauira

whakamatauria te motokā ki te kia tino angitu. whakakitea Tu-134 te pūmanawa ao hou teitei me te tika. āhuatanga mahi whāwhā hanga ano te mana'o. Utaina ki runga ki te waka rererangi TU-134 o crosswinds me headwinds here i runga i te wakarererangi, me te taunga i roto i te iti rawa hoki tenei piha o rererangi. Kua mārika i pai ake tēnei āhuatanga o te mīhini rere auautanga.

Ko te ngoikoretanga nui o nga tauira tuatahi o te Tu-134 ko te kore o te aki whakamuri, e tino whakanuia ana te tawhiti braking o te mīhini. Hei utu mo te kore o parachutes braking tono me airbrake. Ko te whanaketanga o te mīhini kupu whakakore āhuatanga e kua hinga i te wāhanga tuatahi o te whanaketanga o te jet rererangi.

Air Kaweake Leader

kua TU-134 rererangi kua tino rongonui, i runga i nga ara o te Soviet Union kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i nga whenua ke. Tata i te tīmatanga o te hanga, ka anga ia ki te hanga rerenga i roto i te rererangi ke. Roha mōhiotanga o te motokā, ka awhinatia ki te whai wāhi TU-134 i roto i te ao Air Whakaatu 1969 i roto i Le Bourget. Kua whakaatu mai te rererangi i te taumata e kore anake o te whanaketanga o te ahumahi rererangi Soviet, engari ano hoki i te huarahi hou ki te hanga o te Civil Air Fleet.

I tua atu ki te āhua o te kimi huarahi Soviet, whakahaeretia te mīhini i roto i nga whenua maha i roto i Africa, Asia ko Latin America. I roto i te nuinga o te wā, i wahi o te Air Force o te whenua kawemai i te rererangi. I muri i te parariraa o te USSR tonu te motokā ki te mau tonu rangi Kihi.

rererangi Long

tae nga waka tuatahi i te rererangi i roto i te tau 1966. Mai Ko te rererangi i roto i te rangi. Na ko tenei mīhini anake i roto i kawe tūmataiti te taviniraa flights tūtohinga. Ko te aroaro 2007, ko reira te wahi o te tokotoko o te Air Russian me Kihi hanga rerenga pāhihi auau. Ko te kupu, kua te mīhini kua whakamahia hoki tona whakaaro e tūmanakohia ana mō te runga i wha tekau nga tau.

I tua atu ki te hariata o pāhihi i runga i ngā ratonga auau, tukuna whakarerekētanga ki te taviniraa rangatira tūmatanui taumata teitei. E rite rawa ēnei papa ki atu āhuatanga tāpiri whakamarie, me te haumaru. whakapumautia ratou he pūnaha kōrero kāwanatanga motuhake.

I reira hoki whakarerekētanga hōia TU-134, tikanga ki te whakangungu kaiurungi me kaiwhakatere o rererangi hōia. Ko tētahi o nga putanga rawa ki te tihi ihu āhuatanga, i whakamahia hoki whakangungu pairati roa-whānui rererangi.

Neke atu i te te hītori o te hanga, i te roa o neke atu i te rua tekau tau, i tukua ai tata e iwa rau kape o waka o akatuke'anga rerekē. I runga i tenei tohu no Tu-134 ki te tauira tino whānui o te rererangi pāhihi Soviet.

decommissioning

I tua atu ki te obsolescence hangarau, me te hangarau o te mīhini, kua kairau a he wāhi nui i roto i te whakamutunga o ona whakamahi i te taumata haruru nui haere o te tipu te mana. hoatu ture ICAO New te mutunga ki maha ūnga ao e kua mahi e te Tu-134. E kore taea te toe wāhi whakarato i tētahi tauira mahi whati-noa me te whakataetae ki atu rererangi hou ki ngā kaiwhakanao ke, me te kāinga.

Ahakoa whakaputaina te rererangi i tae noa ki 1987, i runga i flights auau mutu te whakamahi i te reira i roto i te tau 2008, whakakapi mihini o te tahi atu rama. tonu teie mahana te putanga o waka o tenei tauira i te tahi atu hanganga o rangi transportation. Heoi, e wa ona, me te whakaotinga o te rererangi o tenei tohu mo neke atu i te rua tekau-rima tau. tonu tonu atu atu i te rau rererangi te wahi o Air, engari te mutunga o te hītori kororia o te kore, ko te tawhiti atu matamua-whanau o te rererangi pāhihi Soviet.

Ngā aituā me ngā maiki

No te tau maha, e kawea atu i te Tu-134 i roto i te rangi, e kore kahore aituā. Ko ki kia whakaaro mīhini haumaru, me te pono tonu te manureva. Aircraft kino kua uaua Tu-134 i pā ana ki te hoahoa o te mīhini, ona wāhanga me hahi.

Ko te wahi matua o te ati, ko te hua o te tāpiritanga te take tangata ranei. whakahaeretia te rererangi i raro i ngā āhuatanga e kore e e faatura tonu te taumata haumaru rere hiahiatia, i roto i te USSR kore anake, engari ano i roto i nga whenua whakawhanake. tutaki mīhini Instrumentation te paerewa te wā i roto i nei i hanga ai, me te tohu e hiahiatia ana me ngā kawenga waka me ngā ratonga whenua.

I roto i nga tau katoa o te mahi o Tu-134 mō take e kore e pā ana ki ngā mahi hōia, i ngaro ai neke atu i te ono tekau-rima rererangi, i patua ki runga ki te tetahi me te hawhe mano iwi.