Whakamātautau waipēhi o pipelines o ngā pūnaha whakawera

taea ki te whakarite i te mahi faufaa marino, me te noa o te taupori i roto i te wa hotoke anake mahi tautururaa, me te pono o te pūnaha whakawera he. I te tahi taime i reira he maha nga wehewehenga o ngā āhuatanga tino, i roto i nei kia rerekē te mahi o te pūnaha tino i te taiao harangotengote. E tika ana ki te ārai i ngā āhuatanga e kia ara ake i roto i te wa whakawera whakamātautau waipēhi o pipelines me whakamātau pēhanga.

Ko te whakaaro o ngā whakamātautau waipēhi

Ka rite ki te tikanga, kei te rere tetahi pūnaha whakawera i roto i te aratau paerewa. Mahi pēhanga coolant i roto i te whare iti-ara te nuinga o te 2 ATM, i roto i nga whare e iwa-papa - 5-7 atmospheres, i roto i ngā whare tiketike-ara - 7-10 atm. Ko te pūnaha whakawera whakatakotoria i raro i te whenua, kia waiho te taupū pēhanga ki runga ki te 12 atm.

He wā tihi pēhanga ta'e'iloá puta e arata'i ki tona hua i roto i te whatunga. Ko te hua ko te hama wai. Waipēhi whakamātautau o pipelines whakawera he reira e tika ana ki te whakamatautau i te pūnaha, e kore anake i runga i te kaha ki te mahi i roto i te tikanga paerewa noa, engari ano hoki i runga i tona kaha ki te hinga ongo te pēhanga.

Ki te kore te hoki tetahi take hoatu te pūnaha whakawera ki te whakamātautau, ka kia meinga puranga i muri waipēhi aituā nui e arahi ki te Gulf o kohua whakaurunga wai, taputapu, taonga, me ētahi atu

Ko te raupapa o te mahi

ka hei whakamātautau waipēhi o pipelines i roto i te raupapa e whai ake nei.

• pipelines purenga.
• Tāutanga o cranes, kōhao me gauges.
• Tūhono wai me te pēhi i te waipēhi.
• Kei te ki tonu Pipelines ki te wai ki te uara e hiahiatia ana.
• Tirotiro i te putorino, me te tohu i te wahi i reira i reira he mea kohakore.
• Whakakorenga o mea kohakore.
• A amo i roto o te rua o nga Test.
• Momotu i te supply wai me te rere o te wai i te taiepa.
• Tango i nga potae me gauges.

ohipa faaineineraa

I mua i te mahi koe i te whakamātautau waipēhi o pipelines o ngā pūnaha whakawera, he mea e tika ana ki te hanga arotake o nga mapuni katoa, whakakiia vaolo i runga i te hiri. e hanga ana paipa te ka tirohia mātao. Me wehea te pūnaha whakawera rawa i te awakeri matua i roto i te kōhao.

ki tonu I muri i te katoa te whawhe tika pūnaha whakawera ki te wai. Na roto o te taputapu köurarangi hangaia e overpressure, tona auau whakahaere he teitei āhua 1.3-1.5 wā. Me pupuri i tonu te pēhanga hua i roto i te pūnaha whakawera mō te 30 meneti. Ki te mea kua kore e heke ai, he rite hoki te mahi i te pūnaha whakawera. Whakaae o mahi i runga i ngā whakamātautau pēhanga waipēhi te mauria i te tirohanga o whatunga whakawera.

Whakamātautau mō te kaha me te tightness

kia whakamana whakamātautau tuatahi, me te whakaaetanga whiowhio waipēhi (SNP 3.05.04-85) i roto i te raupapa.

kaha

1. putanga mai o te pēhanga paipa ki te whakamātau i (P _i) na roto i te kutētē wai, me te tiaki hoki te 10 meneti. Kaua e tukua te pēhanga whakaiti atu i te 1 kgf / m ² (0.1 MPa).
2. iti te pēhanga whakamātautau te ki te hoahoa (P _p) o te roto, a ka e tautoko reira e te tikanga o te wai te kutētē. Kei te hanga tirohanga paipa mo tetahi kohakore, i roto i te wā e hiahiatia ana mo tenei tirohanga.
3. Hē kitea e whakakorea, ka kia anō-waipēhi paipa pēhanga whakamātautau. ka anake koe e taea e timata ki te whakamātau i hoki ngā turuturu.

impermeability

1. putanga mai o te pēhanga paipa ki te uara o te whakamātautau mō ngā ngā turuturu (P _g).
2. Pūmau te wā tīmatanga o te whakamātautau (T _m), i roto i te tank ruri whanganga taumata wai tuatahi (h _n).
3. Na ka hanga e kitea o te hekenga i roto i te pēhanga taupū paipa.

E toru ngā kōwhiringa uara pēhanga taka whakaaro ratou.

tuatahi

Ki te runga 10 meneti, te pēhanga whakaiti tere o iti iho i te 2 tohu i runga i te tauine mehua, engari ko raro te tatau ā-(P _p), ka ko reira taea ki te whakaoti i te kitea.

tuarua

Ki te i muri i te 10 meneti te maturuturunga iho uara pēhanga he iti iho i te 2 tohu manometer tauine, na te aroturuki o te hekenga i roto i te pēhanga ki te roto (P _{p) te} tatau kia haere tonu tae noa ki taua wa rite kore e reira hinga kore iti iho i te 2 tohu tātari tauine.

Ko te roanga o te mātakitaki mō putorino raima e kore e nui ake 3 haora, ki te maka-rino, maitai, papa kiripaka paipa sima - 1 haora. I muri i tenei wa, kia heke te pēhanga ki te hoahoa (P _p), te kore Tautuhi hanga o pipelines wai i roto i te tank ruri.

tuatoru

Ki te runga i te 10 meneti, ka waiho iti iho i te tātai ā-(P _p) me atu nga putorino whakamātautau waipēhi o ngā pūnaha whakawera te pēhanga me faaea ka tango kaupae ki te whakakore hē moe mā te tiaki i te ngongo raro i te pēhanga hoahoa ā-(P _p) tae noa ki taua wā rite te whakamātautau tupato whakakitea kahore he kohakore e ka meinga he Kāore te maturuturunga iho pēhanga paipa.

Whakatau i o te rōrahi atu o te wai

I muri i te otinga o te mātakitaki o te taupū pēhanga taka o te whakatinanatanga tuatahi, me te aukati i te rere o te coolant i te rua i te whakatinanatanga i ki te mahi i te whai ake.

• Na roto o te whakararangi awa ahu pēhanga wai i roto i te piki paipa ki te uara i te whakamātautau waipēhi (P _g).
• He mea tika ki te mahara i te wa ka i runga i te whakamātautau tightness (T _k).
• Next, Me koe ki te whanganga i roto i te tank ruri o te h _k taumata wai _{whakamutunga.}
• Hei whakatau i te roanga o te taiepa whakamātautau (T _k -T _n), min.
• Tātaihia te rōrahi mäminga ake i te tank wai Q ahu (mo te whakatinanatanga 1).
• Te whakatau i te rerekētanga i waenganui i te pukapuka mäminga ake, ka tukua i te korere wai te nui o atu te wai tautuhia Q (mo te whakatinanatanga 2) ranei.
• Tātaihia te auau rere tūturu ki te wero i te wai atu (q _n) e te _tātai e whai ake _{nei: q n = Q / (T} k -T n)

tuhia mahi

Taunakitanga e ko katoa o te mahi i te mahi o nga whakamātautau taiepa waipēhi i whakahaere. unu tēnei tuhinga e ake e te kaitirotiro me fakapapau'i e whakamana i te mahi i roto i te hanganga ture ki te ture, me ngā ture katoa, me e kua turia te pūnaha whakawera ratou pai.

Ka taea te kawea whakamātautau waipēhi o pipelines i roto i rua ara matua:

1. mahi whakamātautau mā gauges pēhanga, mea e pānuitanga record pēhanga - tikanga Pressure. I roto i te mahi tohu enei whakaaro te pēhanga o nāianei i roto i te pūnaha whakawera. Tū whakamātautau waipēhi o pipelines i te mehua pēhanga taea kaitirotiro ki te manatoko te mea kua pēhanga auau kua i roto i te whakamātautau. Ko te kupu, ko te kaipūkaha hinu me te kaitirotiro taki pehea pono te whakamātautau i hanga.
2. whakaaro tikanga Hydrostatic te te whai hua tino, taea reira ki te tirohia i te pūnaha whakawera mō mahi i te pēhanga e nui te tere whakahaere toharite o te 50%.

Kua whakamatauria nga āhuatanga ngā o te pūnaha i roto i te wā rerekē, ai kore e taea e te whakamātautau waipēhi o pipelines muri hoki iti iho i te 10 meneti. I roto i ngā pūnaha whakawera whakaaro te whakaaetia taupū pēhanga taka o 0.02 MPa.

Ko te huru matua mo te timatanga o te wa whakawera e tika whakahaere me tika hangaia whakamātautau waipēhi o pipelines (Katikati 3.05.04-85), i roto i runga i te whakaritenga o te tuhinga ture o nāianei.