Whakarōpū o mea waro - te pūtake o te ako o te matū waro

Ka taea e koe te kite i te āhua o te whakarōpū o rerekē matū waro, me te pararopi i te whakawhitinga i te pararopi ki matū waro. He te ao he momo o ngā pūhui matū waro, me te tokomaha nui o rerekē te reira. Whakarōpū o ngā matū waro e kore anake āwhina ki te matau tenei nui, engari hopoi ano he pūtake pūtaiao mārama mō rātou ako.

Ka rite ki te pūtake mo te tohatoha o ngā pūhui matū waro i roto i ngā akomanga ariā o te hanganga matū whiriwhiri. ako pūtake Organic ko te mahi ki te piha haapiiraa nui rawa, e kiia nei ko te tuatahi ki ngā matū organic - waiwaro. E tukinotia Ētahi atu ngā māngai o te ao o organics rite pärönaki. Ko e mo'oni, e kore he uaua i roto i te ako o ratou hanganga ki te kite i taua synthesize enei matū e tupu i roto i te whakauru (whakakapinga) o te hanganga waiwaro, me te tahi mau taime e rave rahi ngota hauwai i runga i te wae atu āhuatanga, me ētahi wā i runga i te Radicals aho katoa.

Whakarōpū o matū organic tangohia rite te pūtake mō ngā waiwaro me te ake no o te tapatahi o ratou hanganga, me ko te wāhanga pūwaro te wahi tino nui o te nuinga o nga ngā pūhui matū waro mohiotia. Ki te rā, mohiotia katoa matū, e pā ana ki te ao o ngā pūhui matū waro e kua hāngai i runga i te here waro-hauwai, i te predominance nui. He ētahi atu matū katoa ranei i roto i te tokoiti, tuku ki te kawe ia ratou ki te kāwai o okotahi ki te tikanga whānui, he pera iu e he uaua ki te whiwhi ratou, ara i roto i to tatou wa.

Whakarōpū o ngā matū waro e wehewehe ki ngā rōpū motuhake, me ngā akomanga e āhei ki te tīpako rua piha nui o te acyclic waro me pūhui huringa. hanga ratou ingoa rawa e taea ki te utu i te mutunga e pā ana ki te momo o te hanganga o ngā rāpoi ngota. I roto i te take tuatahi o te pūwaro hononga mekameka, a i roto i te tuarua - te muingota ko te mowhiti.

Ka taea e pūhui Acyclic e rārātini a kia ki roto i te mekameka ohie. I roto i te ingoa o enei matū taea te kitea i te faaiteraa "hinuhinu, ranei waiwaro tīmeka." ai ratou e whāiti (ewaro, isobutane, Ethyl waipiro) ranei hamanga (ethylene, acetylene, isoprene), i runga i te momo o te hononga o te tahi mau wae waro rānei.

Whakarōpū o matū waro no ki pūhui huringa, te tikanga atu wehenga i to ratou rōpū carbocyclic me rōpū pūwaro heterocyclic.

Carbocyclic "mowhiti" tito noa o ngota waro. kia waiho ratou alicyclic (kukū me hamanga), me te he kakara pūhui carbocyclic. Ko te pūhui alicyclic e tupu hono noa nga pito e rua o te mekameka waro, engari he hanganga kakara i roto i to ratou mowhiti benzene pera-ka karanga nei kua he pānga nui i runga i o ratou āhuatanga.

Ka taea e te matū heterocyclic te whakatau i te ngota o ētahi atu matū, tino maha he reira te mahi o te hauota.

Ko te huānga muri wāhanga e pā te āhuatanga o ngā matū waro, ko te aroaro o ngā rōpū mahi.

Hoki te pūwaro halogenated rite taea he rōpū mahi mahi anake, me te ake ara ngota kōnakonako. Waiwaihā whiwhi ratou āhuatanga e tika ana ki te gidroksogrupp aroaro. Hoki aldehydes āhuatanga āhuatanga ko te aroaro o ngā rōpū hāparo-tahi ki ketones - rōpū carbonyl. E āhuatanga waikawa i roto i taua i roto i ratou rōpū carboxyl me riro amines te rōpū amino. Hoki pūhui nitro āhuatanga e te aroaro o te rōpū nitro.

Ko te momo o ngā momo o waiwaro, me te ratou āhuatanga, e hāngai ana i runga i te momo rerekē o te huinga. Hei tauira, ka taea e te hanganga ki roto i te muingota kotahi e rua ranei atu ōrite, ētahi wā rerekē rōpū mahi mā te whakatau i ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te taonga (waikawa aminoacetic, nonireka).

Homai aritanga nui ki te whakaaro (te whakarōpū o organic matū) tepu, e ngāwari e taea te hanga e runga i te kaupapa o te kōrero i roto i roto i te kuputuhi o tenei tuhinga.