Wheua angaanga: anatomy tangata

Angaanga, Lat. pakohu roro, - ko te kōhiwi o te matenga tenei. mahi reira e rua ngā mahi nui. Ko ia te mauanga me kaitiaki roro me rongo pērā i titiro, rongo, kakara, reka me te toenga. Reira tautoko hoki nga hononga tuatahi o te romahā me ngā pūnaha kūnatu. Ka rite ki te tikanga, ki te anatomy angaanga i roto i te reo Roma whakaahua i te perception tika o te ao.

Ko te hanganga o te angaanga

angaanga te tauturu kaua uaua. Ko te kuhunga wheua ko te roro e kore anake, engari ano hoki he maha o whekau tairongo taketake, i roto i reira i roto i takere motuhake me tatau e ngā raru me oko toto. Kei a ia ko 23 wheua, ki 8 o ratou e takirua me 7 - e kore takirua. I roto ia ratou e flat, tu'ūlutui me whakauru wheua o te angaanga, anatomy ki pūkete me o ratou pūhui, kia rite ki te mahi tahi ratou ki te hanga i te katoa pipiri.

Kei te wehea Angaanga anatomy Human ki e rua ngā rōpū: te roro me te tari mua. Ia he ona ake mahi me ngā āhuatanga. Brain angaanga (lat. Whakanui pakohu roro) nui i roto i te rahi me te kei i runga i te obverse (pakohu roro viscerale). Mobile huri noa te angaanga ko anake te kauae raro.

A feruri i te wheua cranial. ngā Anatomy te kōpako, frontal, mātiti poro-āhua,, wheua pae tino, me te kōpako kotahi o te rua, me te ratou pūhui.

Hei wāhanga o te angaanga kanohi taratahi te:

- wheua taputapu masticatory - te kauae raro me to runga, e pā ana te rua o runga ki te wheua;

- wheua e hanga ake te ihu, me te waha , me te kanohi turanga, ara kotahi-kaiwahi i me te wheua arero, me palatal takirua, nasal, lacrimal, wheua zygomatic me te turbinate iho.

hononga wheua

He mea tika ki te whakaaro i te wheua cranial me ratou hononga. anatomy Tangata, me te ako ia ratou takitahi me i roto i ngā. E piri te nuinga o nga wheua o te angaanga whakaroau. Ko te okotahi anake he he turanga, me te piri ki te uaua, me tuhonohono wheua wheua arero te kauae raro.

Kaimono tūhono tahi nga wāhanga katoa, he nui rawa kanorau. No te kaimono kanohi me wheua o te kikorangi cranial te āhuatanga te nuinga whai niho, he kawe mai, me te flat. I te turanga o te pūhui angaanga e maha wheua ngohe rangitahi pūmau ranei, pera-ka karanga synchondrosises. whai ingoa i takea mai i te wheua, e piri ratou (kohatu-kōpako, frontal, rahirahinga) ranei te wāhi me te āhua (lambdoid, sagittal) Sutures.

cranial

Kia whakaaro tatou nga wheua o te pakohu roro: te kōhiwi, me te wheua. Ka taea e tenei wahi te wehea kia rua nga wahi nui: (. calvaria Latin) te turanga (. pūtake lat) A kikorangi, ētahi wā ka karangatia e te tuanui angaanga.

He huinga āhuatanga ko e taea te wehe i te reira wheua roto me papa paraharaha, waho ki te therebetween rauemi diploe tu'ūlutui. Diploe Kei maha takere diploic uaua diploic. Ko te pereti waho maeneene he kiriuhi wheua. Ko te kikokore me pakarukaru paraharaha roto, me te kiriuhi wheua mo te tūranga mahi reira he anga pakeke o te roro. Me kï reira e taea whētuki puta i waho whati o te mata i roto kino waho.

Kiriuhi wheua anake i roto i te hononga e te hononga hohonu roa '' ki te wheua, a i roto i te tahi atu wahi hononga looser, na reira ko te wāhi subperiosteal i roto i te wheua. I roto i enei wahi, i ētahi wā he kanokanototo, ara mariao ranei.

I tua atu, i te wheua o te anatomy angaanga tuwhatuwhaia ki whāhauhau me nevozduhonosnye. I roto i te tari roro ki wheua whāhauhau ngā te frontal, poro-āhua, te mātiti me te pae tino. E na huaina ratou mo te aroaro o kōwhao ki tonu i te rangi, me te kapi katoa ki te membrane mucous.

He tumuaki me rua whakamahia mo te wahi o uaua emissarnyh. hono ratou ki te uaua diploic waho me sinuses venous whakawhānui i te Rura o te roro. Ko te nui rawa i roto i te pakohu roro he māhunga me te poka kōpako.

Whakaahuatanga o te hanganga o nga wheua matua o te pakohu roro

Ia wheua o te angaanga ngā o te maha ngā wāhanga e whai ratou ake āhuatanga, me te āhua, e taea te i kō atu ki haurangi, titaha, fepulopulasi, kongokonga, rua, ngā awaawa, sinuses me mea. Nuinga tino tohu nga wheua katoa o te matenga mahere kikokiko.

whakaturia o wheua

Ko te wheua frontal (lat. Os frontale) i roto i to ratou hanganga ngā o te nasal me wahi orbital o te frontal me pauna. Ko reira unpaired. Ko reira te wahi mua o te tuanui, me te e whai wāhi i roto i te hanganga o te mārōrō fossa me te kanohi turanga cranial.

Ko te wheua kōpako (lat. Os occipitale) he lowback unpaired kei roto i te angaanga. Kei te wehea te reira ki te wahi basilar o nga pauna kōpako me rua nga wahi lateral. Ēnei wāhanga Kei roto he poka nui, ka karanga te kōpako (lat. Puta iti Magnum).

Steam kōpako wheua (lat. Os parientale) puka verhnebokovye tari i roto i te kikorangi angaanga. I muri i te rua o te mata sagittal rota e hono ki tetahi ki tetahi. E huaina toe i te taha te frontal, kōpako, me kawe.

turanga wheua

wheua pae tino pati (lat. Os temporale) kei runga i te taiepa taha o te turanga angaanga. Kei ki te muri o te wheua kōpako, me te mua - poro. A vahi i te wheua i runga i te tara (kohatu), kawe, me ngā wāhanga drum. Kei te Kei te reira i whēkau o pauna me te rongo.

Na roto i te wheua pae tino haere i roto i te maha o ngā oko me raru cranial. Hoki ratou, whakarato reira he maha o takere: hiamoe, mua, drum, hiamoe, drum, tympani, māhunga, musculo-putorino, te awa māna ā-, te koko, me te whakamahau wai tubule.

Kei rahirahinga (lat. Os sphenoidale) i roto i te pokapū o te turanga angaanga, e tika ana mo te hanganga o ona wahi lateral, a ka hanga hoki i te raupapa o poka me kōwhao. Ko reira unpaired. Kei reira o nui, me te iti parirau, te tinana, me nga a konga parirau-āhua.

wheua Ethmoid (lat. Os ethmoidale) whai wāhi i roto i te hanganga o nga turanga kanohi me te nasal kōhao. Kei te wehea te reira i ki te mātiti me hāngai ki te paraharaha, me te pakari kuiti. muka io ihu haere i roto i te pereti mātiti. Kei te ki tonu te pūtau poroiwi ripekapeka ripekapeka ki rangi, i reira e nga irava nasal me sinuses kei ki ngä.

wheua kanohi rite te katoa

Ko nga wheua kanohi o te angaanga he nui atu i roto i te roro. 15. Tenei he wheua wheua arero unpaired, vomer, kauwae ratou. Ko te toe rua o mataono: te raro turbinate, nasal, zygomatic, lacrimal, palatine, me te kauae runga. O enei, te wheua kauae o runga anake pā ana ki te whāhauhau he kōhao ki membrane mucous me te rangi.

Enei wheua i roto i te whānui riro te wahi mua. Titiro te tinana o te hanganga angaanga, mahi kore noa o wheua takitahi me ratou töpü. Ka taea e te angaanga kanohi wehewehe ohuraa, mangai me te ihu, te wahi e whekau nui o te kauae. kōwhao mo nga taiepa irava i nga raru me oko toto rua, me kapiti, me ki o ratou karere awhina puta kōwhao i waenganui ia ratou.

angaanga Kanohi: rua tino

hangaia turanga kanohi takirua e ki tūnga i te kōwhao i roto i to ratou nenewha ki uaua, repe roimata me ētahi atu hinonga. He nui ataata, nasolacrimal, pūtake me takere infraorbital, te mokamoka orbital o runga me raro, te mua, me te pae kupenga muri, a supraorbital poka skuloglaznichnoe.

tawhiti te kōhao nasal te pyriform piata choanae, tau mahani nasolacrimal me te toki, poro-palatal me tatau nasal me tatau o te cribrosa lamina. I roto i te kōhao-waha, me te tūnga awa incisive nui palatine, nui, me te iti rua palatal.

i roto i te hanganga o te angaanga kanohi ano he tika ki te mōhio i te aroaro o nga whitinga nasal (te raro, waenganui, me te runga) sinuses, me te frontal me rahirahinga.

Whakaahuatanga o te hanganga matua o nga wheua kanohi

Ko te kauae o runga (lat. Kauwae) pā ana ki wheua takirua. Kei reira o te tinana, me te zygomatic, frontal, palatine me ngā tukanga kauae.

Palatine wheua (lat. Os palatinum), he te rua whai wāhi i roto i te hanganga o Pterygopalatine-palatine fossa, mangai, me te turanga kanohi. Kei te wehea te reira ki paraharaha whakapae, me te poutū me te toru tukanga: poro-āhua, orbital me te pyramidal.

turbinate raro (lat. ua ihu iho Concha), i roto i te meka, he piko paraharaha ki i roto i te ara motuhake. Kei te rite rawa te reira ki toru titaha haere te mata runga: ta'i, Arapaki me maxillary. Tenei wheua korohū.

Te maripi o (lat. Vomer) ko te paraharaha wheua, e tika ana mo te hanganga o te wheua o te pakitara wehewehe nasal. unpaired Bone.

Ko te wheua nasal (lat. Os nasale) e hiahiatia ana mo te hanganga o te wheua hanganga me te nasal pyriform piata. E pā ana tēnei wheua ki te rua.

Kauae He nui ki te whakapakari i te angaanga kanohi (lat. Os zygomaticum), ka taea e tauturu i te reira te hono i te pae tino, frontal me wheua maxillary. takirua ia. Wehea ki mata lateral, orbital me te pae tino.

wheua Lacrimal (lat. Os lacrimale) ki te taiepa orbital medial ko te wahi mua. Tenei wheua korohū. He he karauna lacrimal muri, me te haehae lacrimal.

wheua kanohi Motuhake

Na ka titiro i nga wheua o te angaanga, anatomy he paku rerekē i ētahi atu katoa e.

Ko te kauae o raro (mandibula Latin.) - wheua unpaired. Ko reira anake te wheua o te angaanga, e te mea turanga. Kei a ia ko e toru nga wahi: te tinana 2 me manga.

Ko te wheua wheua arero (. Lat Os hyoideum) unpaired kei roto i mua o te kaki, i te tetahi taha o te mea te kauae raro, me te tahi atu - te paeoro. Kei te wehea te reira i ki te pewa kōpiko o te tinana, me nga a konga takirua - haona nui, me te iti. Ki tenei angaanga wheua piri uaua me tuhonohono e, a kua hono ai ki te paeoro.

angaanga wāhanga o te whanaketanga

Ahakoa, ki te tukinotia te whakamātautau i runga i angaanga anatomy te ki te wāhi pakeke o te tirohanga, ki te mohio e pā ana ki te hanganga o te angaanga he tika. I mua i te hanga e koe tou titiro whakamutunga, haere te angaanga e rua wa atamira atu. Tuatahi, ko reira membranous, cartilaginous ka, a ka anake mai wheua taahiraa. A, no te te āta tenei wā rere ki tetahi ki tetahi. wāhanga e toru katoa ko nga wheua o te turanga angaanga, me te wahi kanohi, te toenga o te membranous tonu riro te wheua. I te wa ano ko reira kia whai kore wheua katoa, engari tetahi wahi anake o taua mea tauira ngāwari, me te toenga i hanga te tika i te kiko tūhonohono kahore wheua ngohe.

whakaaro atamira timatanga Membranous te te mutunga o te 2 wiki o te whanaketanga embryonic, me i te 2 marama tīmata wheua ngohe. Ossification o ia tari e wahi i ngā wā rerekē. Tuatahi i reira ko te pokapū ossification, ka i tenei wāhi i roto i te tukanga e tohaina ki runga i te mata, me te hohonu. Hei tauira, i te ra 39 o te whanaketanga prenatal puta i roto i te pokapū o te kauae raro, te ossification wheua kōpako i roto i tona wahi basilar tīmata i 65 ra.

Ko te hanganga whakamutunga

I hanumi te wa taua pokapū o ossification i muri i whanau, te wheua angaanga konei whakaahua ana te anatomy kua ki iti pū, rite kia kia pono takitahi tenei. Hoki etahi tupu tenei i roto i te kōhungahunga: te pae tino - ki runga ki te tau, kōpako me kauae raro - i te tau kotahi ki te whā. Ētahi wheua, pērā i te zygomatic, mutu te tukanga i 6 ki te 16 tau, me te wheua arero - i 25 ki te 30 tau. I roto i te hononga ki te whanaketanga o te angaanga e taea te mea e te maha o te angaanga hou ake, kia rite ki te wa e rave rahi o teie mau huānga hanumi ki tetahi wheua whakamutunga.

Ētahi hanganga ngohe noho na ake. Ko ētahi o ēnei ngohe me te pakitara wehewehe o te ihu, me te wheua ngohe iti kei i te turanga o te angaanga.