Ko te wa ka kia mohiotia te Moscow Kremlin, ki te hunga katoa e aroha ana i hanga Russia. No te mea ko ia te ngakau e kore anake o Russia, te wairua nui, me te whenua nui rawa o te ao, engari ano hoki tetahi o nga complexes tino ataahua i roto i te ao.
Ko te whakataunga matamua
Kua whakaaturia karikari e nga kainga i runga i te rohe o te Kremlin vai 5000 tau ki muri, a i roto i te VI rautau BC reira kua noho iwi Slavic. I roto i te pokapū o Moscow tonu iho o te whakataunga kitea e pā ana ki Dyakovo ahurea.
Kei te nuinga o Dyakovo kaha whakanohoia ki runga ki te awa whakapaipai. I roto i nga wa onamata, mo take o te haratau me te haumaru tuatahi i roto i te mataeinaa noho nga pukepuke i runga i te pareparenga o te awa. Arā i te mangai, kia e paruruhia te whakataunga wai i rua taha. Arawai mahi e kōrero ki noho tata, me te tuku i te hokohoko tino ake, a kihai i wātea mo te hoariri nga pukepuke, ka whakaaetia ki te ruri i te wāhi nui.
Birth o Moscow
A, i te hanga o te Moscow Kremlin, Borovitsky pukepuke, karapotia i runga i ngā taha e rua o te awa Moscow me Neglinnaya e rere ki reira, me te wāhi i runga i runga o te whakataunga, ka tahuri ki te pa kē. Ko te whakahua tuatahi o te Kremlin pā ki 1147. kore i reira nga taiepa ara hanga i roto i te rakau. ko tau 9 anake i muri ratou - i roto i te 1156. Kei te tuatahi whakahuatia te ngakau o Moscow i te hononga ki te fakaafe o Yuri Dolgoruky i te hou whakaturia horomina tona hoa Svyatoslava Olgovicha, Novgorod-Seversky Prince. whakaaro ki te hakari, me te ko te rā o te taenga mai o te whanaunga heke mai (faaipoipo ratou mootua tamahine, me te tama - - te Ikoa rongonui ko Yaroslavna) te turanga o Moscow. Ko rite tenei te wa, i te hanga o te Moscow Kremlin.
kaihanga nui
I muri i te hanga o nga taiepa o te Kremlin riro nga kainga a tawhio noa, me te pokapū whakahaere tata. Here, kitea nga tangata o enei kainga whakaora i roto i te whakaekenga o hoariri. Ina e nui haere te faufaa o tenei pa, a ka whakawhānui te rohe. A inaianei, ka, tupu te tama a Aleksandra Nevskogo, Prince Danilo Alexandrovich (1261-1303), te kaiwhakaū o te rangatira Moscow te pa ake a tawhio noa te Kremlin, ka reira te whakapaipai o te rangatiratanga iti o Moscow.
I taua wa, i te mea kua hanga ai te Moscow Kremlin, whakaturia Yuri Dolgoruky Pereslavl-Zaleski me Yuriev-Polish. Tenei rangatira, faaterehia tona ora katoa te Rostov-Suzdal kawanatanga, ka mate i reira, kua kaha i roto i te whanaketanga tāone. I tua atu ki enei pa whakaturia e ia Dubna, Kostroma, Dmitrov, waipuke i roto i te hanganga o te Uglich Reservoir kainga Senyatino, a, kia rite ki te kotahi te kōrero, Gorodets. I tua atu, i hanga ratou tokomaha pa, ka taiepa. Na, i te mea kua hanga e te Moscow Kremlin (te tau 1147), whakatakotoria me ētahi atu ngā rautaki. Na kahore tohu e ka tupu te reira i roto i o tenei whakapaipai pourewa o te kāwanatanga nui i roto i te ao.
whakapainga whakapaipai Future
Na Moscow ko ki te hanga me te whakawhānui i. Prince Ivan Kalyta (1283-1341) tuatahi hanga belokamennye hahi. A ko reira i roto i 1340 e whakakapi te taiepa rakau tawhito i te oki kaha. Na tona mokopuna Dmitry Donskoy (1350-1389), te tama a Moscow Prince Ivan II Whero, whakakapi te oki i ma taiepa kohatu. ko te take ki te karanga Moscow "kohatu ma" tenei. Ko reira na ataahua i roto i te pikitia whakaaturia Vasiliya Vereschagina, tuhituhia i roto i 1879, tei topahia "Tirohia o te Moscow Kremlin i te Stone Bridge". Ko te whakapaipai o Russia, he pa ki te hītori ātahu ko te take o nui haere moni. Tetahi pa nui i roto i te whenua e aroha me te whakaute o ona tangata. Ko Moscow hoki te iwi Russian nui atu. A ko reira tino taiao ki te hiahia ki te mohio atu kōrero e pā ana ki te putanga o te pa, te wahi i timata ai, me pehea ka ka i hanga o te Moscow Kremlin, te tau o tona tupu, me te mea ka whakaturia e Prince he merekara.
Ko te tohutoro tuhituhi tuatahi
Ko tētahi o nga whakaahuatanga tuatahi o te takenga o te pa nui, ko roto i te aamu "Te Poutohu o te kohuru o Daniila Suzdalskogo me te timatanga o Moscow." "Hypation Chronicle" Ko te puna pono tuatahi e faahiti te wānanga Moscow - he wahi o te hakari nui i roto i te kororia o te whakaminenga hoa me hoa o Rostov-Suzdal me rangatira Novgorod-Seversky. I runga i te pātai o te Moscow Kremlin, i reira e hanga he maha o whakautu i roto i te mea tau. Ka taea e koe te whakapūtā te rā motuhake, i roto i te hononga ki i whakahuatia tuatahi te Kremlin - te ra 'rekereke ki te whakamoemiti a te Atua ", e ko, i runga i Rāhoroi, April 4, 1147. A ko reira taea hoki ki te wa roa kōrero e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te hanga i te Kremlin mō ngā rau tau. He reira taea ki te whakaaro i te matatini waho te Cathedral o te Dormition, te Big ranei Kremlin Palace?
I hanga te Kremlin me hanga
Ko te whakahoki ki te pātai o mehemea, i roto i te mea tau i hanga te Moscow Kremlin, ka whakawhirinaki katoa i runga i te tikanga o tenei ingoa i - te rewiatana hou, noho o te peresideni o te Russian Federation, he hanganga rakau iti, me i tīmata reira katoa ranei. whārangi Kāore i nui ki te whakarārangi noa katoa nga mau paroita, hahi, whare, tapawhā, māra me urupa o te matatini ā-tōrangapū, hītori me te toi nui i roto i Russia, e hipokina te rohe o 27.5 heketea. rohe Kremlin rite te tapatoru kōhikohiko.
Ko tētahi o nga mea o te Kremlin
kupu Special tika te whakaaro Cathedral o te Moscow Kremlin. I hanga te reira i roto i 1479. pā ana te hītori o te timatanga o tona hanganga ki 1326. Ko te Great Moscow Prince Ivan Kalita, tahi ki whakatakotoria Saint Pita tenei tau te karakia kohatu tuatahi i roto i Moscow. pa Pervoprestolny (ara, i taua tūnga Moscow) i ki hei te hahi matua o Russia Tapu. he wāhi matua i roto i te meka e riro Moscow te throned kua e St. Pita. Na reira, i muri i te matenga o te Metropolitan tuatahi o Moscow i tanumia ia i roto i te whare karakia matua oti o Russia. Tona kaha me te rārangi ata "wahine o Pita", te taketake o i hanga e te 'apositolo ko Pita, ko tetahi o nga temepara matua o Russia. I hanga te whare karakia. tupu tenei i roto i te kingitanga o te unifier o nga whenua Russian raro i te ture o Moscow, Grand Prince Ivan III. Ki a ia i roto i te Kremlin whakarewahia he hanga nui-unahi - hanga whare katoa i roto i te kohatu. I roto i tenei take, ka whakahoki kia huaina ai te pātai o ka hanga te Moscow Kremlin, tino rerekē te tau - 1485. I roto i te tekau tau (1485-1495) hanga i taumaihi ahurei, e ko te tapao o te matatini nui.
taonga faito ore o te hoahoanga ao
Ka rite ki tuhia i runga ake, hanga te Dmitry Donskoy i kohatu nga Detinets rakau taketake (na ka karanga ara i roto i Russia te Kremlin). Mau, hanga ana e ia he kohatu hou "kremnik" me te tau o oti, 1367, rawa, ka taea te whakaaro te rā, i te hanga o te Moscow Kremlin. I muri, i roto i te rangatiratanga Ivana Groznogo, e riro te tsar Russian tuatahi (te taitara ka mau ia i roto i te whakaaro Cathedral), te oti hoki te ake matatini tere.
He whakapaipai o te Square Cathedral - Bell Tower "Ivan Veliky", kahore nei he uaua ki te whakaaro i te Kremlin, rite ko reira hoki nga tau maha te whare teitei i roto i Moscow, i hanga katoa i roto i te kingitanga o Boris Godunov. Heoi, hanga te tuatahi Moscow Kremlin i roto i 1147 e Yuriya Dolgorukogo ture. wahi kaha o huaina tonu "Konqueror" te pa, i te mea nui ake hāngai ki te teremu rakau, e karapotia ana e te taiepa rakau. Ko te rongonui, me te kore e kotahi me anake,, ko te Kremlin ko te whakatinanatanga o te kaha me te mana āhua o Russia.