Āhuatanga Speech - he aha te mea tenei? āhuatanga kupu Modern

"Āhuatanga Speech" - ko te ariā taketake o te lingvopragmatiki pūtaiao ako whakamahi tangata o te reo ki te whakaawe i te perceiver reira (te kaiwhiwhi), me te whanonga i roto i te tukanga o te kōrero i roto i te reo o tenei.

He aha pānga tenei whanonga me ona āhuatanga i roto i tenei ranei e tangata? Huri i te reira i roto i taua i reira e maha ngā āhuatanga me ngā take i runga nei, tei reira. i huaina ratou huinga ko te āhuatanga kupu.

Ko te wāhanga matua o te āhuatanga reo

Kōrerorero me te āhuatanga reo e faaauhia. Ko te wāhanga matua o ona wāhanga: te kaiuru o kōrero me ratou whanaungatanga, me te tikanga roto, o waho o te kōrero.

Ko te āhuatanga o te kōrero e taea e ōkawa ōpaki ranei. Na roto i te āhua o te āhuatanga o te kōrero e wehea ki te pakihi (kauwhau, pūrongo, kōrero), me te kāinga (kōrero ki te whānau, hoa). I runga i te kiripuaki o te kaiwhiwhi ko te maha o ngā ākonga, tūranga me te hononga kōrerorero i waenganui ia ratou. Ko te maha o ngā kaiuru miramira te farewell (ko reira he tangata kotahi), kōrero (kōrero i waenganui i te iwi e rua) me te polylogue (he kōrero i waenganui i te maha o ngā kaiuru).

tenei tahitanga rite taua (whakangahau), he karere (mōhiohio) ranei mana (te taparuraa, hihiri, whakamārama, me ētahi atu) - whaia e te āhuatanga reo te whāinga.

wāhanga Tuarua o te āhuatanga reo

I tua atu ki enei āhuatanga nui awe te āhua o te kupu, ona āhuatanga, me te whanonga waha o ngā kaiuru i roto i te kōrero, ka taea e tetahi wehewehe hoki pērā i te tohu o tūhāhā o te rōpū kōrero ki tetahi ki tetahi, tohu o te mohio (konei e taea wehewehe te kōrero tika, me te autaki, hei tauira , kōrero waea me te kupu i roto i te pāpāho), te aroaro o mataitai me etahi atu. ko enei āhuatanga e Tuarua, rite te ātete ki taketake, ranei wāhanga, te āhuatanga āhuatanga kupu.

A feruri i roto i te kōrero atu i te wāhanga matua, i he āhuatanga kupu, momo, me ngā āhuatanga o ia.

oko

Ko e rua ōkawa, me te ōpaki te āhuatanga. huru Official he uara ture motuhake, homai nei āhuatanga kupu. Ko e tika ana ki te meka e etahi iwi tenei - takitahi - tohu nga ngākau nuitanga o te rerekē hinonga ture (hinonga, ngā umanga), kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te meka e mahi ratou i runga i mo ratou i roto i ngā hui pakihi me ngā whiriwhiringa.

kōrero Official e wahi i roto i te ruma ratonga motuhake - fariiraa, tari, ruma hui, me ētahi atu kia hoki kia te reira kōtuitui-haere i te mau pureraa, hahi, papa o ngā kaiwhakahaere (kawa kōrero pakihi) ...

Whakaritenga o te ritenga kupu i roto i te tautuhinga ōkawa

āhuatanga Official fokotu'u e nga whakaritenga o ngā ture e hāngai ana o ritenga ki te whanonga-waha. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

- obligatory më piira ki "koe" ki te atu rōpū, kahore mea ki te mea tau me te kāwai pāpori no ratou;

- pipiki tino ki nga ture o te kōrero anga ritenga (oha paerewa me poroporoaki);

- te whakamahi o ngā momo noa o te peu maitai, ritenga whakaritea ( "tēnā," "kia ahau ...", "ki te koutou pai," aha ...).

titau taiao Official tautukunga ki te whakaritenga mo ngā kaiuru i roto i te kupu o te kōrero - e kore kia whakaurua reira piua, oati, korero ratou reo e, me te reo.

whakaritenga motuhake tīari ki te faatura ki te whakahua o ngā kupu. Me piri ki te momo tuhituhi o whakahua, korero mārama, mārama. Ko te tautokohia ki te korero hohoro, e korerorero ana, wehikore mahia reira. He mea tika ki te mea, hei tauira, [kada] me [kagda]; e kore [zdrast'e] me [zdravstvuyt'e].

Me noho te āhua taketake i roto i te pakari mau uiuiraa ōkawa tupato, ata, a ki te iti iho pākaha anōtia hoa, ata, hoa.

he angamaheni hoki whakaaturanga, hui pakihi i waho o te tari, fakamanatu, kōrero rā i roto i te kapa i te huru ōpaki. Ko te interlocutors ite nui eumiumi i roto i te ma'itiraa i kupu rerekē te tikanga i te i roto i te tautuhinga ōkawa. Ko, te tono ratou te taua paerewa me ngā ture o te whanonga-waha, e kua whakamahia i roto i te ora ia rā.

Whakaritenga o te ritenga kupu i roto i te horopaki o ōpaki

I roto i tenei take, i reira he ture ake noa:

- pīra Whakamahia ki "koe" ranei "koe" i runga i tau, tohu o te mohio, me te interlocutor tūranga;

- ki te whakamahi i te kupu o te poroporoaki me te mai;

- E whakamōkitohia te tono o ngā whakaritenga ritenga.

Heoi, ahakoa nga whakaritenga iti pākaha mo te kōwhiringa o kupu he minaminatia ki te whakamahi i ngā papa wetereo, kahore e nei tūtohutia hoki te whakamahi, ka reira he ki kia he āhuatanga kupu mōhiohio.

Ko te taua pā ki te ture o te whakahua.

Tohu o te mōhio o ngā kaiuru, ko te tokoingoa nui o te whanonga waha i roto i te horopaki o ōpaki. A, no te kōrero ki te tangata ke manene ranei e tono, i roto i te meka, te taua whakaritenga o ngā ritenga, pera i roto i te kōrero mōhiohio. Ahakoa, ki te reira ko te "he manene" (he kiritaki, he manuhiri), te iwi e kei ki a ia i roto i te ruma kotahi, i ki te whakamahi i te ture o te kōrero mōhiohio.

e kore e tenei ture te tono anake ki kaimahi terenga o tetahi ana'iraa (tari me manatü kaimahi). Hoki ratou, kia waiho te kōrero e pā ana anake te ahua o te kōrero pakihi (āhuatanga reo, whakaaro me onäianei o ngā taunekeneke i roto i tenei kaupapa ki te huri i). Māngai o te mana, ko te Kāore ki te whakamahi i tētahi taiao mahi ōpaki. Kai he tono ki "koe" i te mahi e kore e tukua te whanaungatanga aroākapa tino.

kaiwhiwhi

he kahore iti nui i roto i te kōrero pakihi atu tona huru tauwehe ūnga. Ko te tangata e whakatutukihia te (whakahaua) kupu o te kaikōrero (te kaituku) tenei. Mai taua, i roto i tetahi kōrero me te tūranga whanaungatanga e ia kaituku tei runga i te whiriwhiri o te tikanga me te tātai ritenga kōrerorero.

Hei tauira, ngā wāhi i roto i nei whakatinana whakahaere ko, E titiro whakamua te kaiwhakahaere o tūranga pāpori, e ngā:

- u (whakahaere) mahi whakahaere;

- ona whanaunga waho o te hanga;

- ngā hononga arumoni.

A, no te pāhekoheko ki "upoko" - "pononga", "kaihanga" - "kiritaki", "Partner" - "hoa", kaiwhakahaere ranei kaiwhakahaere formulates hoki ano etahi parau tumu, e hāngai ana i runga i nei e hanga vzaimodestviya, whakawhanake ratou rautaki.

tautuhinga ūnga

E hanga e ratou i runga i te pūtake o pōtitia te parau tumu o te kōrero kei te rangatira i roto i tenei mara. āhuatanga kupu Modern ko whakaaro te matua teitei te mau parau tumu o te urupare ki whanaunga mākete, whakaaro - i roto i te mahi ngātahi me te ōritetanga - i roto i te hinonga.

Ko te ao peu parau tumu. Heoi, i reira te mea he whānui o te tikanga kupu whiriwhiri, kia rerekē te whakamahi o nei i runga i te āhuatanga rānei. Hei tauira, ina whakapā atu koe i te paearu tino nui kōwhiringa ko te ahua o te mana pāpori o te tangata e whakatutuki koe ki a wai.

Here Vasily Vladimirovich!

Here Mr. Kirillov!

Here Igor O.!

Te tauwhāiti he mana pāpori ūnga he waha (i roto i whiriwhiri o kupu), me te kori ā (te whakamahi i kōwhiringa oro).

tūranga pāpori me te mana pāpori

whakaritea mana pāpori ko e pāpori, pakihi, mana pūtea, me ngā ratonga. I roto i te whakarerenga iho Russian o kōrero pakihi kore e miramira rerekētanga ira, arā e tika ana te wahine, me te tangata ki te mana pāpori taua ki painga rite.

Neke atu i te nga tau, kua hanga e te kāwanatanga Soviet he iho o te tono pietetnogo pera-ka karanga ki nga rangatira. Mai i kaiwhakahaere me ētahi atu iwi ki te mana raro e maha kitea fawning, ētahi wā noa servility. A, no te whakatau i te mana pāpori o te āhuatanga kupu hou rawa e te reira ki pūkete te tūranga e pā ana, engari ko te huru o te mana tonu i atu. A, no te whakawhitiwhiti kiia rite whakatutukitanga whaiaro me maitai o te kaiwhiwhi.

tūranga pāpori me te mana pāpori kore e hāngai tonu. E mea pinepine i roto i te wā hou o whanaunga mākete i reira ko te āhuatanga i reira he māngai o ngā rōpū te hoa i roto i te pā ana ki te raupapatanga (pērā i te āpiti, me te kamupene matua).

Ko te tūranga pāpori ko te paearu tino nui mō te whakatau i te tūmanako kōrerorero, tito nei o te interlocutor. Ko te kupu, ko te tumanako i te kaiwhakahaere nui - te peu maitai, te tika, te itoito, te faatura, a ētahi wā - rironga ko. Tūkinotanga o nga paerewa o whanonga he fakaaoao-waha, hiahia ki te kawe i ana hape i te utu o te hinonga kaimahi. Kia aroha mai, Ko reira ia tapao e taua rahunga i runga i te wahi o nga kau taki tonu i te wahi ki te kia i roto i to tatou hapori.

kia rerekē āhuatanga ritenga Speech, engari te kōrero ki te pononga "i runga i ngā rite" - he titauraa i roto i te tikanga ki te hanga i tētahi rōpū hoa, me te ngātahi ahei o tōtika te tīariari i roto i te mākete whakataetae.

I roto i te rerekē, tūranga pāpori, kōrero - he taurangi. Tangohia kōrero auau: kia huri āhuatanga kupu - kotahi me ka taea e te tangata kotahi e te kaiwhiwhi, kaiwhiwhi kaimātakitaki ranei.

kaituku

āhuatanga kupu ritenga pau ke kau 'i te kaituku. Kaituku - Ko te initiator, e engineered te kōrero. Ka taea e āhuatanga kōrero Speech kia tino rerekē (hei tauira, kia mau ai ki he korero kaituhi ranei). O te akoranga, ko reira tūranga tactically pai rite kaituku whakatakoto ana te tere, te reo, te kaupapa o te kōrero. Ko te tikanga, tīmata reira whakawhitiwhiti me te ia ia me mutu. Heoi, e kore e tenei tikanga e tango te kaiwhiwhi i te tūranga hāngū. Communication tā te whai wāhitanga mātātoa o ngā rōpū katoa. taea a kia whakamahia te kaiwhiwhi tauira jet "o te akoranga", "ae", "ki te matau ahau ki a koutou tika ..." "I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, e koe whakaaro ...", etc. Ki enei mau parau e taea tapea te reira i te reo o te kaituku. kaupapa ki te huri i te tūranga whakamuri.

Te kaimātakitaki, piro nui, ko ano hoki tenei i te tūranga whai wāhi kōrero kaha mai, e kore ara whai wāhi i roto i te whakahaere, ia ahakoa pā tona akoranga.

Te aroaro i roto i te ruma titau te manuhiri ki ngā take kōtuitui-mahi faatiti'aifarohia rite wawe tonu.

Ko te kupu, kia rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, e kore e kaiuru hāngū o kōrero pakihi te tīariari noa, tautuhi āhuatanga kupu ia o te rōpū rite te kaupapa mātātoa. E ai ki psycholinguists, he ara atu hinengaro whakarongo tukanga kaha atu i te korero. Ko te aha e herea nga wātaka kura me te whare wānanga ki te whai pakaru, a mohio kaiako mātanga e when're, me te āhuatanga o te kōrero kupu te haapiiraa ki te tango i ngā wehenga poto ki te pupuri i te whakapā ki te whakarongo.

kia tohu te reira i ki te meka te faufaa te take whaiaro-tuakiri i roto i te hononga kōrerorero. I muri i te katoa, ka whakawhitiwhiti kore tatou e faaite noa ngā mōhiohio, engari ano ki te kawe i to tatou huru ki reira. Te reira i te nuinga whakatau te tauhohe o te interlocutor i runga i to tatou whanonga. Hoki tauira, kia he haapiiraa (āhuatanga kupu, e kua tika matou whakaahuatia) kia kawea atu kia rite ki te whakaoho i te moni o ngā ākonga, ratou moni, a kahore noa ki te kawe i ngā mōhiohio. Ko te titauhia ki te akonga kia rite kia reira kua ako te rauemi tenei. Taua āhuatanga mātauranga, me te kupu whakaatu pehea nui te take whaiaro i roto i te tukanga kōrero.

whāinga

Ka taea e ngā taumata e akiaki, me te whaihua. Hei tauira, i roto i te kōrero pakihi e mohio whāinga wā roa-i roto i te mahere tahi-mahi. Hanga whanaunga mahi whai hua he taea anake i runga i te pūtake o kare tahi pai -. Hirinai, whakawhirinaki, te faatura, whakaaro pai, me ētahi atu e he tonoa aha te te aniraa ki te whakanui ngā, mihi, whakawhetai koe tuhipoka, aroha, me te ake.

Pūrongo i runga i te mana o te ūnga (tetahi atu momo o ngā taumata) mā te whakamahi i ngā waea, īmēra, haerenga waea, rārangi utu, whaiaronga, me ētahi atu.

Ture, tikanga, aronga, whakahau, amuamu, ngā kerēme, tono hoki waha, me te tuhituhi i reira ki te whāinga, ki te whakaawe i te kaiwhiwhi, ki te kaha ai ia ki te mahi i tetahi mea.

Reira i tupu pinepine e kua ngā te taonga i runga i roto i te kuputuhi kotahi (hei tauira, he pukapuka-tono, tīmata ki te karere i runga i te mana o te tono, me te mutu).

āhuatanga reo rerekē, i reira e maha, engari kotahi taea mōhio ratou āhuatanga angamaheni ki te āwhina i te whakatere i roto i te kōwhiri i te taputapu reo kōrero ki te whakatutuki i tēnei whāinga. E whakaritea taua āhuatanga i roto i te rohe o te kōrero pakihi i roto i te kupu (awheawhe, ngā whiriwhiringa pakihi, kōrero waea, etc ..) A tuhituhi (reta pakihi, kirimana tika, raihana me etahi atu.