Alexander Solzhenitsyn: He Haurongo me mahi

I whanau Alexander Solzhenitsyn i runga i Hakihea 11, 1918 i roto i Kislovodsk. ako taki Solzhenitsyn, engari ko atu pāngarau i roto i reira tīmatanga Philological katoa. I te 1939 ka tomo ia ki te Institute o Philosophy, Literature ko History Moscow. tohua ana tēnei tau te hoki Aleksandra Isaevicha me tetahi atu hui - faaipoiporaa ki NA Reshetova. Ka haere mai te nō 1941. Solzhenitsyn haea i te mua, engari te ui ia te hokowhitu muri roopu. He tawhio hou o te whakarau - ko tona rangatira i roto i te kura pū i roto i Kostroma, i muri nei Alexander i 1942, i te pae hopea whiwhi ki te mua.

kua pai mahi Solzhenitsyn i te mua, e te aha i reira whakawhiwhia te Order o te Pakanga Patriotic me te Star Whero, a ka whakatairangatia ana ki te paetukutuku. mahi Military o te kaituhi i taea e tino haumaru, ki te kahore hoki tona "freethinking". I roto i te puna o 1945 Aleksandr Isaevich i mauheretia, ka whiua ki te waru tau i roto i te puni mahi. I roto i te Mei 1950, he tikanga herehere motuhake ngā ngawari Solzhenitsyn i ki te huri i te puni motuhake rā pakeke i roto i te katatānga. ko nga whārangi pouri i roto i te ora puni o te Laureate Nobel enei. I runga o taua i roto i te 1951. wahine a Solzhenitsyn whakamōhio ia te whakarere ki a ia, ka e pā ana ki tona faaipoiporaa hou. He tau i muri mai, i rokohanga e ia e te mate e wehingia ana - mate pukupuku. patua rongoā Folk o maimoatanga, i pai ai, me te matewai mo te ora te mate, a ka marere ia ki muri mo te ia. Ki runga ki i tonoa otinga o te rerenga Solzhenitsyn ki whakaraua tonu i roto i te kainga Kazakh wahi reira e tika ana ki te kore o ngā kaiako tae noa whakaaetia ki te whakaako i te kura nui.

I te tau 1956, i rehabilitated Solzhenitsyn e te Hupirimi Kooti. rau e ia he wahi o te whakaraua, a whakaritea he kaiwhakaako i roto i tetahi o nga pa ririki o te rohe Vladimir, te wahi reti ia he ruma i roto i te kaiahuwhenua tawhito mokemoke Matreny Zaharovoy. ka tona Beneath o te fakamasiva o te ora me te mate fakamamahi te pūtake o te wahi o te kōrero "Matryona". I maoro whakahaere Solzhenitsyn ki te neke i roto i Ryazan ka whiwhi i te mahi i roto i te kura. I roto i te hiahia mohoao mō te auaha i te toa Nobel heke mai te anake te piki haere. mahi ia i runga i te pūrākau "Te Circle Tuatahi" me "Kotahi Day i te Ivana Denisovicha." I roto i faaite i te tikanga whakamutunga laconic āhua whakapehapeha o te pūnaha puni, whakatau te ora o katoa te USSR. I roto i te ara o te angitu tuatahi o Solzhenitsyn whakahaere ki te whakaputa i roto i te "Ao New" he torutoru mongamonga iti, engari "Ward Cancer", tangohia e te hautaka, a kihai i kite i te marama hoki nga tau maha. A arotahi ka Solzhenitsyn i te mahi o tona mahi matua, tīmataria i roto i 1959, - ". Ko te he Kemi tinomoutere"

I roto i te "tinomoutere" Solzhenitsyn Alexander anō te hītori o te puni maha me ngā āhuatanga o ratou mahi, parau te kōrero o te iwi, mo te kotahi take ranei tetahi, me te nuinga o te katoa - kahore tetahi take, tēnā i roto i te mira o te Soviet "tika", tirohia ngā āhuatanga katoa o te puni ora me ngā tikanga . I hanga tēnei pukapuka i runga i te pūtake o ngā kōrero, me ngā reta repressed me wheako whaiaro o te kaituhi.

I roto i te 1969, peia Solzhenitsyn i te Writers 'Union, tīmata te press tona whakatoi tuwhera. whakatoi kāwanatanga anake haapuai te mana ao o Solzhenitsyn, a i roto i 1970 i whakawhiwhia ia ki te Nobel, e ia, kia rite ki Boris Pasternak, te tiki i roto i Stockholm i kore e whakaaetia ki.

i ora ai Solzhenitsyn mo etahi wa i roto i Germany, ka i roto i Switzerland, me i 1976 ki te 1994 - i roto i Amerika. I roto i ana tau i roto i Amerika Solzhenitsyn toutou puta i roto i tā, hipoki take tōrangapū wā i roto i te USSR me i te Te Hau-ā-uru.

I roto i te 1994, ka hoki Solzhenitsyn ki tona whenua, a noho i roto i Moscow, tonu ki te mahi hakune. Na enei tau katoa, ko te taputapu mahuinga o te kaituhi i roto i ona kaha katoa tona wahine tuarua - Nd Svetlov, Veda te whakaputa me te take whakahaere.

I roto i te mana o nga hua o Solzhenitsyn i te pakanga mō te wāteatea metarahi me te i roto i te hononga ki te tau 80raa, i te ture peresideniraa i roto i te 1998, whakawhiwhia te kaituhi i te Order Andreya Pervozvannogo, engari i pai ki te tango i reira i roto i te āhuatanga tōrangapū, me te ōhanga eui i roto i te whenua.

wā whakamutunga i te rota o te mahi Solzhenitsyn - te rangahau ahurea hītori "200 Tau Fakataha". tirohia te reira i te tūranga, me te wahi o nga Hurai i roto i te aamu o te kāwanatanga Russian. Ahakoa te hiahia o te kaituhi mō te objectivity, meinga tenei pukapuka he tautohetohe ora.

mate Alexander Solzhenitsyn i runga i August 3, 2008 i kore ngakau congestive.

"Ivana Denisovicha tetahi ra"

Kōrero. Tuhituhia i roto i te 1959, whakaputaina ana e ia he "New World" Tvardovsky i roto i te moheni (1962). Ni'ai ki te kaupapa o te puni, haere tohutoro ki te reira nūpepa, Solzhenitsyn tuatahi whakaarahia tenei take i te taumata o te whakatau toi tiketike, me te taua māramatanga e whakangaro kākaá wä o te wā. whakakitea Solzhenitsyn e repressions a Stalin - e kore e kino-e pai o te nanakia, a kahore he taui i hapori, engari te mauri o te pūnaha, te pūtake o tona repressive me ati. E whai ana tēnei mutunga i te whakaahuatia i roto i te tangata ahu whenua kōrero whakarau Ivan Denisovicha Shoukhov o te ora pikitia puni. He kōrero tonu o te mamae te rangatiratanga kinotia, aroha mo nga patunga harakore, te faatura mo te hunga rite Ivan Denisovich, te kimi ratou i muri waea tao, kua ki te pupuri i te pai te whakahaere nei, 'ulungaanga tangata. enei katoa "Ivana Denisovicha tetahi ra" revolutionized nga hinengaro o milioni o compatriots.

"Matryona"

Kōrero. Tuhituhia i roto i te 1959, te tuatahi whakaputaina i roto i te "Ao New" i roto i te taitara 1963. Author o - "E kore utu te kainga, kahore te tangata tika." I roto i te pokapū o te kōrero - ko te whakapakoko o te wahine kaiahuwhenua Matrona, kua whakaahuatia i roto i te muri o pikitia o te kainga mate nei whakarau fakamamahi. Āpiti atu ki te pakimaero F.A.Abramova këtia tenei mahi mō "tuhi kainga".

"I te tinomoutere he Kemi"

Pakipūmeka me te pakiwaitara. Tuhituhia i roto i te 1958-1967, tuatahi whakaputaina i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru i te 1973, i roto i Russia anake i roto i te 1989. He he nui o te taunakitanga Solzhenitsyn whakarāpopoto meka hītori mua unknown e pā ana ki te tāmitanga tōrangapū o te wā Soviet ka tuku Stalin i te "wehi nui". "Ko e Kemi tinomoutere" - he pukapuka e pā ana ki te kaitiaki, me nga patunga o nga hara o te tikanga hapori, tahuri te whenua ki te puni kukū nui. Kua i te reira i te pānga kaha i runga i te ao whakaaro tūmatanui, me te DG nga kākaá e pā ana ki te utopias o hapori me te Communism, e tae noa ki 1970 koa he tetahi rongonui i roto i pūkenga Western.