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Aro tere PM - e hia rauna ia meneti? Makarov pū: Whakatakotoranga
pū Makarov (PM 9 mm) - he pītara āhua-aunoa i te 1951, whakakapi i te pupuhi TT me hurihuri pūnaha Nagant. I whakawhanakehia te reira i Makarov Nikolay Fedorovich, kaihoahoa Soviet, ano whakawhanakehia etahi atu taputapu ohi. PM, ohie, me te pono, kua kua, ka noho tonu i roto i te taviniraa ki te pokapū uruhi ture me nga ope patu o te Russian Federation, me te rite i roto i te maha atu whenua (Georgia, Hiria, Latvia, Laos, Kazakhstan, Te Tai Tokerau Korea, Ukraine me ētahi atu). Heoi, kei te inaianei āta timata Russia whakakapi tona pītara Yarygin, PMM me etahi atu tauira. He aha te mea te āhuatanga o tenei patu, ka tatou matau atu.
putanga haukāinga, o te PM
No te mea o tona mōhiotia putanga whawhai-kore rongonui, pēnei i roto i te whētuki PM "Wii" me te tahi atu putanga (PM-RF, "Berkut", PMR, PMG, MP-T), me te rangi, me te hau (hei tauira, he hau pītara "Makarych" ki matā rapa).
kua hanga mauroa me te noho pai o te whakamahi i te reira rongonui pītara Makarov, tona utu (i 3 mano. Miria. I roto i te whētuki hoki te PM) Ko hoki he tāpiri pai ki te katoa o reira, i reira e maha whakarerekētanga ā-Makarov pītara. tino maha mai PM i Russia i te puka o te patu whāhauhau (ano, e tika ana ki tona āhukahuka). He tauira o rua kāinga me te ke. Hei tauira, MP-654 - he kape o IZHMEH Makarov pītara.
I mua i te tuku o te "Ture i runga i Arms" i roto i te whētuki maha reworked noa whawhai PM (pera-ka karanga oholaschivanie), i roto i ngā rahinga nui e toe ana i roto i te warehouses o ngā wā Soviet. Huringa i roto i tenei i iti: te taupae o "kaihanga" me huānga tiaki, e kore e nei tukua ki te whakaputa ke i te reira i roto i te PM whawhai. Na, Heoi, nui atu iti iho ranei tauira whawhai-kore hou he remakes, engari kua hanga katoa o te patu maitai taua.
Ko te kamupene German UMAREX hua hoki e rave rahi tauira, pērā i Umarex PM Ultra ko Makarov o, a 6 mm hau-puoto pītara Legends Makarov. Ko te kamupene American WWW tuku putanga Gletcher PM, e kua he kawe tutaki whakaritea. Ko te putanga ano ki te anga whakaritea whai Borner - te kamupene rerekē i te United States, kua he PM49 ingoa BORNER me hangaia i roto i Taiwan.
I roto i Russia, rite he tokomaha nui o akatuke'anga rite te whawhai (PMM, he ake moheni kaha - 12 rauna o kariri, me te 9x18 kariri atu kaha), me tivira, pērā i "Baikal" 443 (hākinakina pītara), MR-442 "SKIF" waerau-hanga me te raupapa o IZH70 tukua ki te mākete rite te pū hākinakina arumoni. Battle PM he maha o akatuke'anga hoki kua.
puta auahi
He ko he pōhēhē e te pupuhi PB - he PM ki te Silencer e he faufaa e kore e pono. Ahakoa te meka e PB (pītara puku) me he wahi tangohia i te hoahoa o te PM (toa me pehea pakarukaru wahi, te huarahi keu), e rua patu tino rerekē. I roto i te USSR, i reira nga whakamātau ki te hanga i te PM ki te Silencer, engari kihai i whiwhi puranga atu whakamātau: ko iti te taumata tangi whakaiti, engari no te mea o te roa o te kātua nui haere auau tuku huriwhakamuri, i whakatere te huarahi kākahu. Pea, ka, i roto i te 1967, ka i tangohia e te PP.
Na etahi whenua (Haina, USA me ētahi atu) kia kore whakarerekētanga ki te aro Makarov pītara ki te Silencer.
He aha te mea he pītara Makarov
Te whakataetae, tū i roto i te ope Soviet i roto i 1948, i tae e rave rahi tatini rangatira Soviet. Ko te whāinga ko ki te kitea he whakakapinga mō te hurihuri tawhitotia Nagant ko TT pītara, i ano i roto i te mahi.
Tula Tokarev pū, whakawhanakehia i roto i te 1930, he marama nui me kiato, ngāwari ki te kawe, engari kua he maha o drawbacks. Ko tētahi o ratou, he take o matā noa (whakaahuatia te take taua e i roto i te pukapuka "Tata tino" Yuri Nikulin), na e kore i whakaaetia te pu ki te kakahu ki pahika ki te kariri ruma. Tētahi atu drawback ko te kore o te whakaroa kuwaha. arahina tenei katoa ki te meka e mo te wa roa kawea TT pītara i ki te aro hihiko, a taea utu he hoia ranei te ora operative, no te mea i ētahi wā haere i roto i runga i te rua. i tautohetia, me te ngoikoretanga pērā e kore te oreore reira mo te pupuhi i embrasures tank hoki reira. Ahakoa kei te whānui whakaaro tenei whakaritenga heahea, ka whakahoki ia nga pu Tiamana.
I tua atu, ko reira patu tika e pai kia marama, kiato, me te watea, me tino nui, wawe tonu e arahi ki te huru shooting. I homai he tauira ki te pū Tiamana "Walther PP", kihai nei i i timata noa 1929. He i maha ngā tauira rerekē, engari mohio te hoahoa pai Makarov pītara i. PM kua whāngai kua i roto i te pokapū Soviet uruhi ture me nga ope patu e toru nga tau i muri i te whanaketanga, i roto i nei te wa ake te huarahi i, hanga etahi huringa iti.
Ahakoa i tangohia kaihoahoa Makarov me rite te pūtake mō "Walther PP," ia tino whakarerekē reira. Kua pūnaha Hoahoa me te pū whāwhā kua māmā, hei multifunctional nga kōrero, nui haere o ratou kaha, hua i roto i nui haere te ora ratonga me te tika.
Mohiotia Makarov pū 1949 production, i te mea tonu i roto i te huru pai, ahakoa kua nastrel reira e pā ana ki e rima tekau mano matā. Ko tenei whakamīharo, whakaaro kua hangaia e mahi puna PM mo 4 th. O matā (ko te uara "paerewa" mō pītara maha tenei, mo te tauira, mo te pupuhi taua Yarygin).
I te tīmatanga, ko reira tika hoki tapaea whakaritenga whakataetae he tauira i roto i putanga e rua, mo te ërä 7h65 mm me 9 mm. whakamahia te PM kariri ërä 9h18mm hei utu 8h17mm. ërä matā New whakaatu pai mana tu atu i te matā 7,62h25 mm TT pītara, ahakoa i reira iti iho te mana. hanga mana Iti reira taea ki te hanga i te hoahoa o te kuwaha noa, me te oko whakaritea.
I roto i te wahi tuatahi, no te mea o te raro PM mana kariri te hangaia mō te pupuhi i ngā poto, ki runga ki te 50 mita, ahakoa te matā mana tu he ki runga ki te 350 m.
hoahoa
Ka rite ki te pai, i reira e nui ngā rerekētanga i roto i te pūrere keu, a ko te painga matua te hua mutu kiriata, tāpiri Makarov. Shop PM pū , me te wiki noa ka etahi huringa. kua hanga Te whakakotahi i te mahi o kōrero i roto i te hoahoa o PM reira māmā me wahi ratou - he tino iti whakaritea ki te "Walter PP". Hei tauira, kua he hoahoa kuwaha roa Makarov pītara he karekau mahi whakaata, me te he ano hoki puna mahi te puna me te sear, cocking hua, i te whakatakoto i te hao haumaru - te puna hama fakaakeake. rokiroki raro kēti puna he mutunga o raro o te vairaa i.
"Walter PP" ko he roa i roto i te pupuhi meinga e te meka i te otinga o te ruma kariri ki te heretua. Makarov tata rawa whakakorea tenei raruraru, ka tutuki te ōwehenga pai o te tiketike o te ruma kariri ki te pikitanga o te Heretua, na, i honoa e ki te wāhi tiketike o te kariri runga i te taonga, tata whakakore i te mōrea o te utykaniya kariri i te heretua.
Whakatakotoranga PM
Shooting Ko matā kotahi. Nā ki te whakangāwaritanga o te huarahi he mea whakarite ki hinga "Walter PP" auau whawhai ahua PM. Rauna ia meneti e taea te hanga he pītara Makarov 30 ki 35-40 matā i te PP.
pū ki te Taumaha makasini tonu ko te 810 g
whakatupato PM matā 9mm (cartridges pītara 9x18), te taonga he kaha o 8 nga wahi.
roa pū ko 161 mm, tiketike - 126,75 mm. Ko te oko 4 He Makarov pū rifling ërä 9 mm o. Ko te roa o te PM kariri ko 25 mm, te Chuck taimaha - 10 g, me te matā ano e ata 6.1 g
piri ia pū te manawapa makasini, holster, whitiki pītara, he muku.
pū shooting
Ko te mahi e hāngai ana i runga i te PM hoki blowback. Nā ki te elasticity mau i runga i te kātua o te puna hoki me te papatipu o te marumaru, katinga o te kakau puta. Tīmata ki te keu tuwhera, mahi rua. takahi i taea e pupuhi titi Free arahi ki pere noa ka maturuturu iho i teitei tiketike, atu pānga kaha pūkaha ranei, no te mea e kore e whai i te reira i te puna, e pai pupuri i te reira i roto i te tūranga whakamuri. Heoi, kihai i Makarov whakaaro tenei taea makona.
A, no te pupuhi, tono te keu e te pupuhi hama, ai te capsule he Chuck pakaru. Kei te mura te tiaki propellant, hau propellant whakaputaina i raro i te pēhanga tuha nei te matā i te oko. Ko te hau pressurized taua haere i roto i te raro o te ringaringa retracts te tutaki. Te mau nei e ia te ejector kariri, reira te kōpeke te puna hoki. Ki runga ki te whakapā atu ki te ringaringa whakaata i roto i te matapihi marumaru pops roto.
Tētahi atu rerekētanga i te "Walther PP" - recharging ka te wiki. Ko te PP kahore marumaru raka, na ko reira taea recharge, ka āraia te GR kuwaha te. Ka taea te hoatu e Makarov pītara i runga i kaitiaki i muri i whakaurua te taonga kei te, a ki te ruma ki te Chuck pahika. ēngari Haumaru tangohia te hama, haere atu i te titi puhipuhi ia te āraia rite te pai rite putaatu ka te wiki keu whakamua.
Me kawea mai te "Walther PP" i mua i te pupuhi hua haumaru ki te tūranga o runga, me te PM - te raro, he reira atu watea. Kei te mahue te reira i runga i te muri o te tutaki. A, no te pupuhi āhuatanga kua: te keu tuatahi mahia wahia i muri i tukupu haki wiki, ka rapua e atu kaha (e pā ana ki 3.5 kg) rite kei te keu kei i runga i te ferrule me samovzvodom pītara ēngari whakamahia. I roto i te matā muri kua te hama ki te kia hoatu i roto i te tūranga cocking, a hoki ka rapua e te whārua iti (1.5 kg) te pere, ka meinga rawa nui tei auau whawhai o te PM.
Hoki tika nui, e taea te hanga te pere tuatahi i muri i te whakahekenga atu o te pū i te wiki paratunu keu tīmata ā i te wa ano e hoatu a reira hoki, a i roto i tenei take mo te pere tuatahi ka hoki kia tika marama te pēhi i te keu.
Ka taea te hanga pere muri i muri anake tukua koutou te keu
(Mai kore te te PM tikanga mo te pupuhi tūtira). Ia press hou e arahi ki te ahi tae noa tae noa kua whakamahia e koe ake ratou paura katoa i roto i te taonga. I roto i tenei take, te kuwaha, e tu ana i runga i te mutu kiriata tonu i roto i te tūranga muri.
Parts me tikanga Makarov pītara
E 32 nga wahi, me nga wahi matua e whai ake nei i te pupuhi:
- toa;
- kiriata hao;
- anga ki kaitiaki keu, me te oko;
- rahurahu ki te tīwiri;
- keu (keu tikanga);
- he puna returnable;
- piha ki te haumaru, ejector me te pahų.
pū disassembly
Pū, pu i roto i ngā, rapu tirohanga tamau. E tauturu i tenei hohoro te tāutu i hē e pupū ake, me te ārai i ngā raruraru ka taea. Ko te taea o te tuuraki tonu, me te kanohi. e kore e taea te mahi Complete disassembly maha rawa, rite tenei tere ake te tukanga o ngā wāhanga kākahu o te huarahi, a ka whakaiti te ora ratonga. E ranea ana hoki tirohanga, whakahinuhinu ārai ranei horoi i muri i te shooting, oti te hiahia anake hoki horoi i muri āhuatanga huarere tino (hit pītara i roto i te wai te hukarere ranei, te hanga ranei whakapai ake ki te hinu hou) disassembly Motunga.
He he maha o ngā ture e me aru i roto i te huihui, me te disassembly o te pu:
- kawea Disassembly me whakaminenga i roto i runga i te mata ma;
- hoatu te mongamonga i roto i te raupapa o te whakaminenga;
- tikanga whāwhā tupato, kahore ru ohorere, me te tono kaha nui;
- ka huihui e rave rahi pītara: he titiro i te taua o nga wahi, kia rite ki te kore ki te whakapoauau wahi pītara i waenganui ia ratou.
disassembly Motunga mō te horoi me te tirohanga
nekehia atu te taonga kei te i te turanga o te kakau. ringa matau te popo ia, ka wahia hoki te hao makasiní ki te kore koromatua matau me te maihao ki whakaroa te taupoki makasini pupuri i te wahi kohuki. Ko te kupu, ko te toa tangohia.
Me whakarite koe i reira he kore kariri i te ruma, hoki tenei te mea e tika ana ki te tango i te pū i te kaitiaki, me tona ringa maui ki te pupuri i te marumaru te ara katoa hoki, e maka ana i te reira i runga i te mutu kiriata, a ka tiro te ruma. Ko te koromatua matau ki te pēhi i te mutu kiriata me te raro i te marumaru.
aru ana tēnei e te wehenga o te marumaru i te anga. ka mau te ringa matau o te pū i tona kakau, te maui - raro iho te kaitiaki keu. Tapahi i tona ara ki te maui i te anga, pāhi atu ki te pupuri i te reira i roto i tenei tūranga, te taupū maihao matau.
Ki te tona ringa maui ki te pupuri i te marumaru te ara katoa hoki, ka ara ia i muri, ka tika ki te mahi o te puna hoki, ka neke te reira i mua, i muri nei e taea te wehea te reira i te anga. Ka waiho i te taahiraa i muri mai ki te hoki ki te wahi o te kaitiaki keu.
Tangohia te puna hoki. ringa matau i te pupuri i te kakau o te anga, te tango i te oko i te puna mā te tahuri i te ringa maui.
whakaminenga Hātepe
haamata te whakaminenga i roto i te raupapa whakamuri, ki te hoki ki te wahi o te puna hoki. ringa matau ki te tango i te anga i te kakau, me te mahue ki te hoatu i te puna i roto i te kātua. Nui: me kakahu reira te mutunga, koe te wahi i te a tawhio whakamutunga o diameter iti atu i te tahi atu.
aru ana tēnei e hono te anga marumaru. ringa matau e pupuri ana i te anga kakau, te ringa i mahue e pupuri ana i te puru, whakaurua ki roto ki te mutunga ritenga o te awa hiri o te puna hoki, i muri i nei tango te tūranga tino ki te hongere hiri roto haere ki waho te wahi paraire rawa. Na, ko te wahi muri o te marumaru ki raro i te anga me ona tupuke ahopou e pai i roto i te i'ai o te anga. I muri iho, raro reira, i piri te pēhi i te marumaru. Ko reira i raro i te pēhanga o te puna hoki mai ki te tūranga whakamua, a ka ara ake i te pouaka wiki.
A, no te huihui i te pū e kore e tika te whakaputa i te kaitiaki keu tītaha rite i roto i disassembly. Ko taea ki te whakaara i te mutunga muri o te marumaru kia e kore e tanumia te taiepa mua raro i roto i te tihi o te kaitiaki keu, whakahere i ngā kaupapa o te tutaki i te hoki.
I roto i te mutunga - toa hoki i te turanga o te kakau. Kia mau ki te pū ki tona ringa matau, i roto i te pouaka o raro i roto i te raro o te kakau ki te kōkuhu i te toa, e pupuri ana i te reira ki te koromatua, me te maihao o tona ringa maui. Pāwhiri i runga i te taupoki makasiní, engari e kore kihai i patua tona ringa, kawea mai ana e ia ki te tūranga e hiahiatia ana i nei te maturuturunga iho kohao i te ripa, e wātea ana i te taiepa mutunga o te taonga.
Hei runga i te reira atu, tirohia ranei kawea te whakaminenga e i roto i tika. Ki te mahi i tenei, tahuri te wiki, wahia hoki me te tuku i te marumaru. Ki te mahi tika, ka, ka oho he whakamua iti, kua ki te eke ki runga i te mutu kiriata, e ka waiho te reira i roto i te tūranga muri te marumaru. Na, me tou koromatua matau ki te pana i te roa tutaki kohao. I raro i te pēhanga o te puna hoki e kaha kia hoki mai ai ki te tūranga mua. E tīmata ēngari. Na e hiahia ana koe ki te tiki ake i te pouaka wiki, ka haere mai atu te keu ki te cocking a ka kia āraia.
Pū me te tika o te ahi
e kore te mea neke atu i te 15 cm pihinga i te pupuhi, ka arowhai whakamana te whawhai i runga i te tawhiti o 25 m diameter ūnga porohita 25 cm, eke nei i runga i te m whakangungu rakau 1x0,5. Ki te tahi rua wha i roto i te porowhita nei diameter, whakaaro tauira te noa. A, no te pupuhi, te matā he tere o 315 m / hekona.
Ko tōna momo Makarov pītara he mahi tika pai. purara i roto i te pupuhi pūtoro 10 mm ko 35 m, 25 m - 75 mm, me 50 m - 160 mm.
E ai ki te auau tūturu o te PM he tino iho ki te PP, engari kua mohio rite te pai no te mea o te maha atu āhuatanga me mo neke atu i te rima tekau tau, e noho i roto i te mahi i roto i Russia, a he rite ki te trehlineykoy rongonui (kaipupuhi raiwhara Mosin, kua nei kua i roto i te mahi ki te Ope Russian i 1881 ki tenei 1945). Ahakoa paku nui ratou te pūnaha Nagant hurihuri, noho ia i roto i mahi ki te Ope tata 117 tau. States kore e e whai ratou kura patu production, tika kia tae noa nana te PM.
Na i timata te whakakapinga āta o te PM i roto i te pouaka. auau whawhai whakaritea ki te PM pū Yarigina kua he rerekētanga i roto i te 5 rauna ia te rua (35 y 30 y ki IL PM) hoki he toa pouakamēra rua-rarangi (18 rauna ki 8 PM) ki te tika taua o te shooting. tere, paraire AES i runga 100 m / hekona. Heoi, IL ahua nui (198 mm i roto i te roa i 168 ki PM) me taimaha (AES taimaha - 910 g ki te makasini pātea, he 100 g nui atu te taimaha o te PM ki te moheni tonu).
E rua auau tohu o: hangarau, me te hōia. whakaritea e te tini o rauna ia meneti e taea te tuku i te mea, hāunga te wa e hiahiatia ana ki te recharge me te titiro (e taea rerekē i 1.5 hēkona i handguns, ki 20-30 hekona i te pū antiaircraft matamata i whakapae, me te poutū) Hangarau.
Whakatau he aha te auau whawhai PM pītara 9 mm o, i roto i te mahi, kia whakaaro rite taea arrow me ngā āhuatanga huarere, e maha ake i te wa e hiahiatia ana mō te whai. Ko te toharite mō te katoa pītara āhua-aunoa: 30-40 rauna ia te rua. ApS (Stechkin pītara aunoa) homai whika 40/90 mkh (pihinga matā kotahi me pakū, aua). Na reira auau whawhai o te PM he tino ti'aturi ki runga ki te ngira, me te wa e hiahiatia ana ki te rokiroki i te huringa.
E ai ki te auau o te PM, me te CT, pūnaha Nagant hurihuri tawhitotia pai, ahakoa te tīariari te putanga whakamutunga e rua, hoia, me te rangatira. I roto i te rangatira 'pītara' reira pūrere whaiaro cocking-. Heoi, kei te tukuna te patu katoa i roto i Russia, he reira rite: te tika, me te noho pai o te whakamahi, te kuwaretanga o kino te āhuarangi (ahakoa e kore e faaore i te reira i te hiahia mo te horoi i), me te maintainability tiketike. He ko he okotahi, me te pupuhi Makarov. Kua tonu kua hoki Price manakohia, ahakoa te "hurihuri" ka ui i roto i tona production he tino tino kaimahi tohu.
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