Basics o hikohiko: momo o ngā pūrere hiko, me te mahi hangarau o tāuta hiko

Electronics - he pūtaiao matatini engari tino whai hua. Ano, he fafau reira, ahakoa te maha nui o mahi kē ngā. Ko te aroaro mahi koe, me matau koe ki ta tikanga nga taketake o te hikohiko engineering hiko. Ka tatou kia whakaaro ratou hei tauira o ngā pūrere whakamahia.

mahi AC

Ka te pūkaha kia whakaaro hei tauira. hāngai ana anga hiko, me te hiko i roto i tenei take i runga i rua nga wahi matua: he whakaritea, me te expressionless. Na roto i te tuatahi he mahara ki te pūpoapoa, me te tuarua - he punga ki drum awhiowhio te. Nui i roto i tenei take ko te aroaro o te maha o ngā āhuatanga. Ko te kupu, kia whai i te āhua porotakaroa te pūpoapoa, me hanga o te koranu ferromagnetic. Me hoki tatou amo ki te parae awhiowhio, e kua whakaritea ki te anga. hangaia te awhiowhio te rere autō matua te. Ako ki te tātai i te hiahiatia uara awhina pukapuka o ngā raruraru i roto i te noa ki te taketake o te hikohiko engineering hiko. Haunga tenei tikanga, e taea te hanga te rere autō e aukume pūmau, e kua eke i runga i te anga. I raro i punga i matau matua, awhiowhio te me te tango. Ko te tuatahi kohia o kiriweti pepa maitai hiko.

pūrere tairitenga

tonu tatou ki te ako i te taketake o te hikohiko me te whakaaro i te momo o ngā pūrere kua runga i te pūtake o to ratou mahi. Ko te āhuatanga matua o ngā pūrere tairitenga - rerekētanga tonu o te tohu riro i roto i runga i te tukanga tinana whakaahuatia. Pāngarau e taea te whakahuatia te reira rite te mahi tonu, te wahi i reira e te here i te maha o ngā uara i ngā wā rerekē. Ka taea e tēnei take e hoatu he tauira: pāmahana rangi rerekē, ka tika puta tohu tairitenga. Kei te hua te reira i roto i te maturuturunga iho ngaohiko (ahakoa i reira e maha atu ngā huarahi ki te tautuhi i te reira, pērā i te huri tāwēwē o ona kai). He kuware, pono whakaaro tairitenga me whai he tere tiketike. Ka āta whakarite tēnei e ratou te whakamahi whānui. Heoi, ki te mea e taea e ratou whakamanamana o tukatuka pū tohu motuhake - ko e taea. Ano, e kore e whakaaro tairitenga whai mate haruru nui. He kaha ti'aturi i runga i ngā āhuatanga o waho (hoholo tinana, te pāmahana, mara waho) ratou. Ano, kei te maha whakahengia ratou mo te distortion tuku tohu me te kakama iti.

pūrere mamati

E ngākau nui ana rātou ki te mahi ki te tohu mamati. Ka rite ki te tikanga, ngā reira o te raupapa motuhake o ngātere, e taea te tango e rua anake ngā uara - "pono" ranei "teka". Tangata e matau ana nga taketake o te hikohiko, kua mohiotia, me te e taea te whakatinana ratou i runga i rerekē turanga huānga. Na, he tangata kua te whai wāhi ki te whiriwhiri i roto i te transistors, āhuatanga optoelectronic, tānga hiko, tītipi. Ko, he hakari kanorau, me he reira rawa whānui. Tikanga, te ara iahiko kohia o huānga arorau. pāngia e me porotiti (engari e kore e tonu) e whakamahia ana mō te kōrero. Ka taea te kite i te tahi mea rite i roto i karetao, aunoatanga, te whakatangitangi, reo irirangi me te torotoro waea. He painga nui o ngā pūrere mamati ko ratou ātete ki te pokanoa, noho pai o te tukatuka, me te tuhi i te raraunga. Ka taea hoki ratou tuku mōhiohio taua distortion iti e taea te waiho. Na reira, pūrere mamati me e whakaaro atu pai atu i tairitenga.

Semiconductors

E tika ana ki tona momo o ngā āhuatanga ratou me riro i te mara motuhake o te hikohiko. I whakatakotoria nga taketake o tenei he wa roa i mua, ina kua tono nga pūhohe karaihe. Ko ratou rectifiers Semiconductor hangaia ki te whakahaere ngā tiketike-auau. whakamahia te tīmatanga ngā pūrere e hāngai ana i runga i parahi waikura selenium ranei. Heoi, ka tahuri te reira i roto i taua he nui iti e tika ana mō te mahi atu i te hunga whakaaro i e hanga i runga i te pūtake o te takawai ratou.

Ko te wā whakahaere angitu tuatahi i roto i tenei rohe i taea e whakamanamana O. V. Losev - he kaimahi o te Nizhny Novgorod Radio Laboratory, i hanga te pūrere hoki i roto i te tau 1922, i reira, te whakawhetai ki te whakatupuranga o oscillations tūturu o nui ake nga tohu riro. Ko enei whanaketanga, aue, e kore whakawhanakehia pai. Na kei te hanga transistors inaianei i roto i te ao e whakamahia (e ratou te taua transistors), e e tahi whakawhanakehia Brattain, Shockley, Bardeen, me o ratou hikohiko hou inaianei. Basics o te mahi ki a ratou, a ahakoa uaua, engari e tika ana mo te tangata e hiahia ana ki te ako me te mahi i roto i tenei rohe.

Microelectronics

I roto i te ara - ko te quintessence o te hikohiko, te wahi tae nga āhuatanga mōhiohio ratou uara mōrahi. Here, Ko te maha nui atu te hunga i roto i te tahi atu wahi o tenei pūtaiao te kiato o te rere raraunga ia wae o te taimaha. Ko te mahi o Microelectronics - tukatuka mōhiohio. whakamahia e te reira e rua anake ngā mati: arorau tetahi, me te kore. Ko te mahi mahi i roto i tenei rohe ko te tino uaua - no te mea e titau te reira i te maha o ngā āhuatanga e he uaua (tata taea) ki te whakarite i te whare. I roto ia ratou, te mâ, te tika tiketike, me te whakamahi o te hangarau mātanga.

tika Mathematical

taurangi o arorau whakamahia ki te hangarau. Ia whakaaro Dzhordzh Puru. Na reira, kei te te tahi mau taime i huaina ai taurangi Boolean. No te mau opuaraa mahi, i whakamahia ai te tuatahi i te pūtaiao American Claude Shannon i roto i 1938, ka ako ara iahiko ki te whakawhiti hoapā. A, no te he taurangi Boolean (i huaina ano hoki arorau), ka taea e ngā tauākī whakaaro katoa noho i roto i ngā uara e rua anake: "pono" ranei "teka". e kore e ratou uaua anake. Ko taea tauākī ohie te hanga i te-wāhanga maha i te tuitui ki te awhina o ngā mahi arorau. Ki te he ratou ake, me te tohu te tahi mea (hei tauira, reta), ka whakamahi i te ture Boolean taea te whakaahuatia tetahi rite, ara nga iahiko mamati tino matatini.

O te akoranga, ki te mohio i nga taketake o te hikohiko, i te ariā, e kore e hiahia ana i te mita ki te ruku hōhonu ki. māramatanga, kaua tahito o tenei au. Hei tauira, whakaaro te tauira e whai ake nei. Kua arahina matou, pana me te puna mana. A, no te kaitahu te huānga marama - mea tatou "te parau mau." e kore ko LED hohe - tikanga "he teka." Ko te i te hanganga o te tokomaha nui o e hanga taua whakataunga, me ngā rorohiko.

mutunga

Whānui ka āwhina i nga taketake o te hikohiko engineering hiko ki te matau i te tukanga tupu i roto i tenei rohe. Ano, e kore e waiho mohio hira o te mahi haumaru o ngā pūrere hangarau. E ti'a ia tatou ki te mahi i roto i te rite rawa mo tenei wahi mahi. Hoki, kia tiaki kia tangohia ki te karo i te taea o te ru hiko. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i karapu rapa (ki te mahi koe ki whanau waea) me ētahi atu rongoā. Whai hua i roto i te mahi, ko te ki te whakamahi i te respirator ranei te rite i roto i whakapiringa.