Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich - Russian kaihōpara Arctic: he haurongo poto

I te timatanga o te rau tau whakamutunga tetahi o nga take tino nui e pā ana ki te ako o te Arctic, ko te whanaketanga o te Moana Northern Route, e taea ana ki te whakaiti i te whakaterenga ara o oko i waenganui i te wahi Pākehā o to tatou whenua, me te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti. I roto i te hunga e hoatu ratou ora mo te whakatinanatanga o tenei hōtaka ko te haere Russian Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich (1884-1914), ko tona ingoa ko ake i roto i te hītori o te pūtaiao Russian.

toronga ranei tika o nga hapu Russian kororia

Future Arctic kaihōpara whanau ko May 19, 1884 i roto i Odessa i te hapu o te rangatira o te Navy Russian, te heke mai Admiral Lev Alekseevich Brusilov. e to ratou ingoa whakapehapeha o wahi i roto i te aamu i te whenua o, he reira rawaka ki te haamana'o e matua keke George L. - Alexei - mohiotia rite te hero o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, ka arahina te pakaruhanga rongonui o ngā hōia Russian.

Te whakauru i roto i te tau 1903 i te Naval Cadet Corps, e rua nga tau i muri mai ka whakanekehia te tangata taitama i ki te kī rangatira, me te wā i te mahi War Russian-Japanese kawea i runga i te kaipuke o te matua hoia o te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti. Heoi, ko tona karangatanga pono e kore te ara kōaro, me ngā mahi rangahau.

Ko te wheako rangahau tuatahi

tuatahi ka puta Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich i te Arctic Circle i 1910, hoko he mema o te ope hydrographic, ko tona mahi, ko te whanaketanga o te Moana Northern Route. I te tukunga o pūtaiao i reira nga rua Icebreaker "Taimyr" me "Vaigach". Moving i te rawhiti ki te hauauru haere te rohe o te Arctic Ocean, kohia te waitaua te nui nui o te raraunga pūtaiao, kia e te Arctic i te mahere, whakakiia maha taurangi ki te aroaro o nga motu, me kuiti. ka ko George L. tohu whai wāhitanga i roto i tenei mahi uaua i roto i tona kororia ki te rama, hoatu i runga i Cape Dezhnev - i te wāhi continental o Russia me te katoa o Eurasia.

mahere āhuaatua

pūrongo Whakaputa e pā ana ki te haerenga o tairanga kairangahau ke, kia rite ki te Norwegians Raul Amundsen ko Fridtjof Nansen, me te te American Robert Piri me Ingarihi Robert Scott, i tutaki i Russia ki te moni nui. E kore e hiahia ki te hoatu i te nikau ki te whanaketanga o te Te Tai Tokerau ki tangata ke, a ka rite ki te āpiha Russian pono, ka maru ai wairua mo te mana mana, GL Brusilov, e whai ake nei i te tauira o e rua atu haere G. Sedov ko Rusanov, faaoti ki te whakarite i tona ake ope.

Ko tētahi o nga wero nui ki te iteraa o te kaupapa i hapu, rite maha reira tupu, i roto i te tāutu i te puna o ona pūtea, rite nga moni e hiahiatia ana nui, me te fakatāutaha kihai i Georgiy Lvovich i ratou. Heoi, he ara i kitea i roto i.

I roto i te 1912, ka mau e ia he poroporoaki mōhiohio, ua faaite Brusilov te whakatūnga o te kamupene kararehe tahi, nei hua e tūmanakohia ana ki te kia ora ake i te hopu kararehe, i ia ki te mahi ki te taha te huarahi o nga mema o te heke mai o te ope. E kore e te kimi i te whakautu o te iwi whānui, i taea e te ngākaunui maia, Heoi, ki te riria ratou whanaunga ki te riro ona kaipupuri hea.

Ko te pūtea nui i tona matua keke Boris Alekseevich Brusilov - rangatira whare nui o Russia, ko tana wahine, Countess Anna Nikolaevna, foaki ki tenei pāhekeheke rawa i te wāhi ōhanga o te tirohanga, te kaupapa, ko te 90 mano moni -. He moni nui i roto i aua ra.

Raruraru poari i runga i te "St. Anna"

Ko te kupu whakaoti i te raruraru pūtea, haere Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich ki Ingarangi, i reira riro ia i te rua o-ringa ahakoa, engari tonu rawa kaha kaipuke e rere mamaoa. I huaina te reira "Blenkatra", engari he i raro i te haki Russian, i ka whakaingoatia i roto i te honore o te investor matua o te ope - Countess Anna Nikolayevna me te ingoa "St. Anna".

Mai i te kaipuke tauranga St. Petersburg "Saint Anna" ka haere atu ia August 10, 1912, ka oho ki te taha o te moana Barents, te wahi ia mutu tuatahi i whakaritea e tata ana te whakataunga iti o Alexandrovsk-i runga i-Murman (tenei ra Polar). I reira, e tatari ana mo te kaiwhakahaere tuatahi o te haerenga i roto i te raru nui. A, no te u te kaipuke i runga i te uta, he wahi nui o te waka - he torutoru kaipuke, tākuta o te kaipuke, ka, kino rawa o te katoa, te kaiwhakatere - i pai ki te haere tonu kauhoe.

Ko tino te āhuatanga. noho o te katoa i runga i te poari i te kaipuke, e rima anake iwi, e kore tatau i te tino Brusilov me kaiwhakatere tuarua Albanova (whakaputaina tona whakaahua te raro nei), he kaipuke ngaio, a whakaae te tākuta ki te mahi i te hopoi'a, i tupono ki ki a ratou tapuhi. Heoi, i roto i te noa'tu o nga mea katoa, Mahuru 10, e mau ana i te supply nui o te kai, "St. Anna" tonu ara.

I roto i te whakarau tio

He wiki i muri mai, pa tonu te Moana Kara, ka tahuri te kaipuke ki te Unuhia te huka totoka ki te neke i roto i nei i taea ki ratou ara i roto i te wā o nga ra kotahi tekau i te mau irava kuiti, me te wai tuwhera. Ko reira, tino whiua ki te huka, ngaro ngā whai wāhitanga ake nei ki te whakahaere i te oko. Na, Oketopa 10, 1912 ka anga ratou tata tau-rua tere. Na roto i te hinaaro o te hau me ngā, vmorzshee i tio kaipuke, hei utu o te akoranga whakaritea i roto i te te rawhiti, neke ki te raki, me te raki.

I roto i te Pipiri 1913, ko te kaipuke i muri noa te raki o Novaya Zemlya, a taea kite mārama mua o te wāhanga tio-free o te moana, engari mau tautooraa katoa ki te tiki i roto i ki a ia i roto i te noa, a ka kitea te tūturu o te hotoke tuarua. I muri i tetahi atu e ono nga marama i tukua te kaipuke i runga i ki rohe Franz Josef Whenua.

I te tatau o te mate

Na roto i tenei wa, ahakoa te meka e tetahi wahi taea ki te whakaki i i te utu o te hopu kai e, i nga ra mārama atu ite te kore o ratou. Runga ake te waka whakatuma i te hemokai. I te wa ano i runga i te poari rere i roto o te wahie, i Brusilov haerenga whakamahia mō te whakawera, me te tunu kai.

I roto i te āhuatanga reira, i whakaritea e te reira i te waka katoa ki te waiho i te kaipuke, me te tamata ki te haere i runga i te huka ki te tae te whenua e nohoia ana. noho te tino taua Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich i te "Saint Anne". He aha i hanga tango ia tenei whakatau kino mo ratou, e noho mohiotia. Pea rite te āpiha Russian, a, na reira, he tangata o te honore, kihai ia i ahei te mau te whakama e pā ana ki pūtea aitarahu. Pea i whakamamaetia ia e te matauranga e ana mahi meake ki te iwi mate nei aru ia ia. I roto i tetahi take, whakaturia te waka atu kahore ia.

Ko te ati o te waka o "St. Anna"

Te feaa, i meake te ngana ki te tae te wahi e nohoia o te rohe ki te kore, a ka whakaaro e ona kaiuru rite te tupono toe anake. Ka rite ki te tuatahi e kore i taea e Brusilov ope whakaaro e haere ana irava, i reira ko kahore he taputapu tika i pa ai hoki ratou. Ka rite ki te hua, waka, sleds me kakahu huruhuru i ki te whakaputa ia ratou, kahore he he i te wheako e tika ana, me te pūkenga.

Heoi, e kore a kahore rerekē, ko April 23, mahue 1914 te waka te kaipuke. Haurongo Brusilov, i roto i te meka, i tenei wāhanga whakaari, ka hatepea atu rite atu kahore tetahi ora e kore kua kite. Ko te tahi atu mau melo o te ope, te whakarau o te nuinga o ratou, i reira he kahore iti fakamamahi.

ara Lauikuonga i roto i te huka

Hanga ngā kitenga arorangi tika, me te whakatairite ratou hua ki te rauemi i ratou mahere tikanga, kitea ngā e te whakataunga tata e haere ratou 160 km. Heoi, en route, i unuhia e ratou ki raro, i roto i te ahunga o painu tio, a ka rite ki te hua o tenei tawhiti kua nui haere ngā wā e rua, me te hawhe.

I tua atu, i te whīwhiwhi o te whakawhitinga, me te nekenga ake pohokore tino, no te mea o te rakau tawhito katoa anake te nui iti o pihikete, he mārama iti ki te faaî i te pūngao pau.

Ka rite ki te hua,, i mate tata katoa te maha o te hunga e mahue te kaipuke i runga i te ara. Na roto i te whakarau noho ora anake arahina te kapa Albanov kaiwhakatere me hēramana Conrad. Ratou, frostbitten me papaki ana ora i te rohirohi, tangohia ake ana te kaipuke "St. Foka", wahi o te ope taua GY Sedov.

rapu i momoho

Ka rite ki te hua o te meka e na te timatanga o tangata ngaro 1914 i rēhitatia i kotahi toru ope neke Russian - GY Sedov, VA Rusanov, me te tetahi arahina e Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich, ka te take te kōwarotanga kia nui i roto i te hapori i i hoatu tika te tohu o te whakahaere tonu o te rapu ki te Cabinet. Nā ki tenei te oko hōpara marama e wha i roto ki te moana.

E te wa te Arctic i te mahere i te aroaro, kua i roto i te rawaka te kiko i tukua nahanaha ki te rangahau i ngā wāhi tino pea noho te kaihōpara ngaro. I tua atu, mo te wa tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te ao ki te mahi faaora i kirimana rererangi neke. Wakareretai Farman MF.11, whakamätauria hoki e pairati Yanom Nagurskim tukua flights rā i runga i te rohe o Novaya Zemlya me ona wāhi pātata.

tonu te rapu mō tau e toru ka i haukotia anake i roto i te hononga ki te ngā kaupapa tōrangapū o te tau 1917. Kimihia te kaipuke "Saint Anna", i te iti rawa te mea i mahue o taua mea, e kore ia e taea te ranei. nui anake i muri, i roto i 2010, i whakaritea te kaiārahi o te National Park "Onega Pomorie" ope ki Franz Josef Whenua, i i taea ki te kitea kōiwi tangata puta ki no ki tetahi o nga mema o o te rōpū Albanova.

Afterword

Ahakoa te putanga fakamamahi o te haere, Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich, he haurongo poto i ko te pūtake o tēnei tuhinga, kua hanga, he tetahi kohikohi ki te ako o te Arctic. Nā ki te rauemi nei e kawea ki te morehu Academy o Sciences whakahaere Albani te nuinga ki te systematize te raraunga tīariari mua i runga i ngā takutai, ki te whakamārama i te rohe o te papa continental, me te hoatu i runga i te kāri hūrere raro, ka karanga "St. Anna".