Bulgakov Sergey Nikolaevich, te philosopho Russian, faaroo, he tohunga Siu: Biography

philosopho Russian me teolosia, Sergei Bulgakov - iwi iku'anga manawarau. Ko ia taea ki te haere i roto i te feaa, me te kitea i to ratou ara ki a te Atua, ka hanga tona ako ake o Sophia, i taea ki te hinga i te matakana o hoa me te e ta'ehōifua Siasí, ka ora rite ki te hinengaro, me te whakapono.

Childhood me te Whānau

whanau Bulgakov ko Sergey N. 16 (28) Hōngongoi 1871 i roto i Livny, i roto i te tohunga utuafare rahi, te Abbot o te hahi iti i te urupā. Matua Sergei ngā tamariki (ka ko ia i reira e whitu) i roto i te iho Siu. tae te whānau i ia te wā ngā ratonga hahi, whakarongo tamariki, a muri tai'oi te mau papa'iraa ratou. mauruuru mahara Sergey tona tamarikitanga, ka haere mai ia ki te whakapā atu ki te ataahua o te natura Russian, i tautokohia e te hanahana nui o te ki āna tikanga. Ko reira i tenei wa ite e ia he uniana pai ki te Atua. i kawea e ia ki runga rite he Karaitiana hi'oraa maitai, i roto i nga tau wawe i tona whakapono pono ia i roto i te Atua.

tau o te ako

I roto i te 12 tau, ka timata Bulgakov Sergey ako i te kura minita, ko ia i tenei wa, i roto i ana kupu, "he tama mateaki a te Ekalesia." I puta ia i te kura, ka tomo ia ki te haapiiraa evanelia i roto i tona pa taketake o Livny. I roto i tenei wa ia tino whakaaro e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te hono i tona ora ki te mahi a te Atua. E whā tau i muri mai, whakaoti i te akoranga i roto i te he kolisí, Bulgakov tomo te haapiiraa evanelia i roto i Orel. Here ako ia mo nga tau e toru, engari i tenei wa i reira ko te huringa nui i roto i tona outlook, e te faaruru ia he raruraru fakalotu hohonu, e whakaritenga ia ki te whakateka i te Atua. Ngaro whakapono i roto i te Ekalesia Siu, i 1987, i mahue Bulgakov te haapiiraa evanelia, a ka rua atu tau o rangahau i roto i te kura wetereo puāwaitanga i roto i Yelets. I muri mai, ka tomo ia ki te Moscow State University, Manga Ture. I roto i te 1894 pai te tu ia te tamataraa hopea a riro tohu o te ariki ki te ako tika.

whakaaro wawe

Kua i roto i te haapiiraa evanelia tuatahi tau Bulgakov Sergey ite veiveiua nui i roto i mau marôraa fakalotu ka ora te mōrearea hohonu o te whakapono e pana ia e kore anake ki te tiaki i te haapiiraa evanelia, engari ano ki te tiki ofi ange ki te tino hira i tenei wa o te Marxists. mahi ia pakeke i roto i tenei aronga taumauri hou hoki ratou, a hohoro ka te theoretician ārahi o Marxism i Russia. Heoi, ia hohoro ite e te kore o te ariā, me te haere tonu ki idealism. I roto i te 1902, i tuhituhi noa ia he tuhinga e tika ana "Mai i Marxism ki Idealism," e whakamārama te huringa i roto i ona whakaaro.

He rite ki te wairua o te wa enei huringa i roto i ona whakaaro, i te āhuatanga te intelligentsia Russian o taua wā i te mana o te idealism Tiamana, me te muri religiosity. Taunga ki Bebel ko Kautsky, nga tohi o Vladimir Soloviev me Tolositoi arata'i ia ki te rapu i roto i te mara o ngā kaitōrangapū Karaitiana ki te whakatutuki i te take o te pai, me te kino. Hoki etahi wa, pai Bulgakov cosmism, i muri i Nikolaem Fedorovym. Tenei titauraa, i whakaritea e ia kia rite ki "Karaitiana pāpori" tino pai ki te kukuwhatanga o Russian whakaaro taumauri o te wā.

Ina e te whakaaro o Bulgakov tupulaki me ngā puka, te ara tona titauraa taumauri maitai hopu tona mahi nui tuatahi - te pukapuka "Maama o pirau".

mahi mātauranga

I muri i tu'ite, Sergei Bulgakov (haurongo te hono reira e kore anake ki te rapunga whakaaro engari ano ki te whakaako) kei roto i te tari i roto i te tikanga ki te tuhituhi tona otr täkutatanga, ka anga ano ia ki te whakaako ōhanga tōrangapū i te kura te Imperial Hangarau i roto i Moscow. I roto i te 1898, ka tukua te reira i te University ki e rua nga tau i runga i te haerenga rangahau ki Germany. I te 1901 ka awhina ia tona tuhinga, ka riro te tūranga o palōfesa i te tari o te ōhanga tōrangapū o te Kiev Kuratini Institute. I te 1906 ka e ia he ahorangi i te Moscow Commercial Institute. whakaata kauwhau a Bulgakov te ara o tona titauraa, he tokomaha o ratou e kia whakaputaina rite te mahi taumauri me pori-ohaoha. I muri mahi ia kia rite ki te ahorangi o te ōhanga tōrangapū me te ahorangi Tauride University o teolosia me te ture kēnana me teolosia i Prague.

Wheako o te mahi pāpori

I muri hono nga Marxists i roto i 1903. rave Bulgakov Sergey i Congress ture taketake o te Union o Liberation, nei te mau melo i Berdyaev, Vladimir Vernadsky, VI Graves. Hei wāhanga o te mahi o te Union Bulgakov horapa whakaaro tāmau whenua, kia rite ki ētita o te moheni "Way New". I roto i te 1906, e te tangata tohe he wahi kaha i roto i te hanga o te Uniana o tōrangapū Karaitiana, i nei e wahi i roto i te kawana tuarua o te State Duma i 1907. Maoro, Heoi, antimonarchist mutu te whakaaro ki te waiho tata ki a ia, a ka haere ia ki te taha ki te ritenga atu. Mai reira, e ia kore ngana ki te whai wāhi i roto i nekehanga pāpori, me te arotahi ona mahi i runga i te tuhituhi o mahi taumauri me kairīpoata.

rapunga whakaaro fakalotu

I roto i te 1910, Sergei Bulgakov, tona kaupapa kei te haere mai ki te wāhi matua o tona whanaketanga, ka tutaki ki a Pavlom Florenskim. Friendship i waenganui i nga whakaaro e rua nui taonga te whakaaro Russian. I roto i tenei wā Bulgakov hopea hoki mai ki te uma o te karakia, kaupapa Karaitiana. Ia tukinotia ia i roto i te āhuatanga hahi-mahi. I te 1917 i te whakaputanga o tona pukapuka-atamira "ki te marama pirau," ano hoki tenei tau e Sergey wahi i roto i te katoa-Russian Local Kaunihera, e whakahokia mai te patriarchate i roto i te whenua.

Philosopho i taua wa he rota o whakaaro e pā ana ki te ara o te whanaketanga mo te whenua me te pūkenga. ite e ia te revolution rite te mate fakamamahi o katoa i i aroha ki a ia i roto i te ora. whakapono Bulgakov e i roto i tenei momeniti uaua i runga i nga pokohiwi o nga tohunga i te misioni motuhake ki te whakaora tangata, me te varua. whakapakaritia te whawhai metarahi te tikanga o te poautinitini, a pana Sergei Nikolaevich mō faaotiraa faufaa i roto i te ora.

tohunga Way

I roto i te 1918, i whakaritea Bulgakov te tohunga. Horohoronga e wahi i runga i Hune 11 i te Danilovsky Monastery. tata ki Patereareha Tikhon me āta haamata Matua ia Herekiu ki te tākaro i te wāhi tika nui i roto i te Ekalesia Russian, engari kua puta ke te reira i te whawhai. I te 1919 ka haere ia ki te Crimea ki te tiki ake tona whānau, engari ki te hoki ki Moscow e kore ia e whakaritea. I tenei wa, tutakina nga mua Bulgakov i te tokotoko whakaako o te Moscow Commercial Institute. I roto i Simferopol, mahi ia i te whare wānanga, ka tonu te tuhi mahi taumauri. Otiia ka tae te reira ki te kāwanatanga Soviet hohoro faaere ia o tenei faingamālie.

hekenga

I te tau 1922, ka tonoa Sergei Bulgakov, nei pukapuka kihai i manakohia ki te hou, mana Soviet, ki Constantinople ki tona utuafare. I hoatu e ia he waitohu i runga i te tuhinga e kī i tonoa e ia i te RSFSR tūturu me roto i te take o te hoki ka e mahi ana. Mai i Constantinople oho Bulgakov ki Prague.

e kore kua Sergey rapu ki te waiho honau fonua tupu'angá, i he rawa aroha ki a ia. tona ora katoa korero ia ki whakapehapeha e pā ana ki tona takenga Russian me te kaitautoko kaha o te ahurea Russian, takoha ki te tīariari ki waho. moe ia ake ki te haere ki Russia, engari ko reira kore ki te waiho. I te kāinga ko te tama a Bulgakovyh Fedor, e kore e kua kite nei e ratou.

wā Prague

I roto i te 1922, mai Bulgakov Sergey ki Prague, te wahi i timata ai ia te mahi i roto i te Institute o te Manga Ture Russian. I taua wa, i huaina Prague i "Oxford Russian" konei i muri i te revolution ngā taua māngai o rapunga fakalotu rite Lossky, G. Vernadsky, Struve, P. Novgorodtsev. I roto i nga tau e rua, whakaako Bulgakov teolosia konei. I tua atu, i mahi ia i te mahi i roto i te hahi ākonga o Prague, i tetahi o nga pāriha tapa tāone.

noho Bulgakov i roto i te whare'inisititiutí i huaina "Svobodarna", i kawea mai tahi i te rōpū ngingila o pūtaiao Russian me whakaaro. Matua Herekiu ko te kaiwhakaū o te moheni "Ko te ao wairua o te ākonga," i whakaputaina i tuhinga ngā ihirangi minita. Ia ka hoki tetahi o nga ngā matua o te "Russian Ākonga Christian Movement", nei te mau melo e ārahi Russian whakaaro emigre me pūtaiao.

wā Paris

I roto i te 1925, oho Matua Herekiu me tona hapu ki Paris, i reira, me tona whai wāhi mātātoa, ka uakina e te tuatahi Siu Theological Institute, tumuaki me te ahorangi o e riro ai ia. Mai 1925, hanga ana e ia he rota o ngā haerenga, haere tata katoa te whenua o Ūropi me Amerika Te Tai Tokerau. rerekē hoki Paris wā kaha mahi taumauri Bulgakov. Ko te rongonui tino o ana mahi o tenei wā ko: huinga toru "Arenio a te Atua", "Kora o te Reme," "Faaa'o", te pukapuka "He wera Bush". Ka rite ki tumuaki o St. Herekiu Bulgakov, hanga Sergei he pokapū fakalaumālie tūturu o te ahurea Russian i roto i Paris. ngā te reira i te mahi i runga i te hanga o te matatini, ka karanga "Sergey Whare." Hoki 20 tau o tona kaiārahi i reira puta he iti whare pa me hahi. mahi hoki Matua Herekiu ki te iwi taitamariki, hoko he kaiako rongonui me te kaiakopono mō ngā ākonga.

mau tamataraa nui whakamanawanui e Bulgakov i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, ko ia i taua wa kua tino kino, engari ara i roto i enei tikanga e kore i mutu tana mahi ki te waihanga i tētahi mahi fakalotu-taumauri. Ko te tino āwangawanga e pā ana o ratou whenua tupu te whakarau, me te puta noa i Europe ia.

Sophiology Bulgakov

Ko te ariā taumauri te tühonohono te o Bulgakov ki teolosia. Ko te whakaaro matua - Te Paea te whakaaro nui o te Atua - kihai i hou ki te whakaaro fakalotu, kua kaha whakawhanakehia reira Soloviev, engari Matua ia Herekiu ka noho ia hei te wheako i roto hohonu, he whakakitenga. tohi Religious-taumauri hapa Bulgakov tapatahi, me te ōritetanga, kaua, e whaki reira i roto i to ratou pukapuka, parau ia e pā ana ki tona ake wheako pūngāwerewere. ariā fakalaumālie Main o tona ariā, Sophia te whakaaro nui o te Atua, kua mohio ki te reira i roto i ara rerekē: i te ahua o te wahinetanga rite te turanga o te ao ki nga mea kaha whakakotahi matua, te whakaaro nui te ao, me te pai. Ko te ariā o Bulgakov i whakataua e te Ekalesia Siu, kihai i whakawakia ia o titorehanga, engari tuhu atu nga hape me miscalculations. E kore te ariā i riro ahua oti ka noho i roto i te whakaaro huritao tika kanorau.

ora whaiaro

i ora ai Bulgakov Sergey Nikolaevich he takahanga ora taonga. Hoki i roto i 1898, ka moea e ia te tamahine o te kaiwhakarëti Elene Ivanovne Tokmakovoy, i tangohia e ia katoa o mau tamataraa o te ora, a he tokomaha i reira nga. i te tokorua e whitu tamariki, engari anake tokorua o ratou ora. ka mate o toru Ivasheka hohonu, wheako fakamamahi mo Bulgakov, panaia ia i te whakaaro ki te whakaata i runga i te whakaaro nui o te ao. I roto i te 1939, ka kitea ki te mate pukupuku korokoro te tohunga, Nōna ia he mahi nui i runga i ona aho waiata, engari ako roto i te tautooraa rahi ki te mea i muri i taua. Heoi, i roto i te 1944 i tukua e ia he patu, i arahina ki te mate o 13 Hōngongoi 1944.