Central Federal District o te Russian Federation

I runga i te rohe o te Russian Federation ko te rota o kaitapere, tae atu i te mataeinaa, rohe me te whenua. Ia whai wāhi nui i roto i te whanaketanga o te whenua, me te kua he maha o ngā āhuatanga. Ko reira te mea he kaupapa matua. Tenei Federal District Central, ko te matua hītori, me te ōhanga o te kāwanatanga mō ngā rau tau. I roto i tenei tuhinga whakaaro tatou te mana ōhanga o te mataeinaa, tona geography, wae me ētahi atu āhuatanga.

Overview

Central Federal District o te Russian Federation - ko te rohe o te whenua ki te kiato taupori nui. I whakaturia te reira i roto i 2000 i te ture o te peresideni Rossi Vladimira Putin. Hei wāhanga o te mataeinaa kahore tetahi käwanatanga hou, ngā reira anake te wāhi me te pa whakapaipai o Moscow. Ko reira ano hoki te pokapū whakahaere o te mataeinaa, me te pa nui rawa. E kore te ingoa mai i te tūranga matawhenua o te takiwa, a ka i tona mahi hītori.

Ua riro noa tenei rohe i te tino whakawhanakehia ōhanga, ahurea, me te tōrangapū. Kei te takiwa e te pai pūtahi mātauranga o te whenua, a ka whakapumautia te pūnaha tino matatau o kōrero waka. I roto pai te reira whakawhanakehia: automotive, te whakatangitangi me te tahi atu ahumahi. E rave rahi mau taata i roto i Russia me ētahi atu whenua tae ki te wahi tūturu o te mahi i roto i CFD Moscow ranei rite nga pa tino whaimana me te whaihua mō te ora me te whanaketanga.

geography

Ngā wāhanga o te Federal District Central hipokina te rohe o 650 200 kiromita tapawha. Ko reira tata 4% o te rohe katoa o Russia. Kei CFA te i runga i te Te Tai Rāwhiti Pākehā mania. I nga rohe o te Takiwa converges ki Peraruhia me Ukraine.

I roto i te CFD tupu whakauru, ngahere te hōtoke. hipoki wāhanga o te rohe e te steppe me steppe ngahere. He puta hoki etahi awa nui e te Täingäwai, te Don, te Dnieper me te Dvina Western. He hitahita te āhuarangi. Te pāmahana i roto i te tauwaenga hotoke 15 nekehanga centigrade i roto i te raumati - 22 nekehanga.

He maha nui o ngā kohuke whakaputaina i roto i te rohe o te Federal District Central. Ko ētahi o ēnei toka Phosphate, sima rauemi raw, ofa'i, waro. Tata ki te 20% o rerewē Russian katoa whakawhānui ki te Federal District Central.

taupori

ora te iwi 39.209.580 te Central Federal District o Russia. I te kotahi kiromita tapawha 60. Ko neke atu i te 25% o te taupori tapeke tenei. Tata ki te hawhe o ratou ora i roto i te pane o te Federal District Central. ka home Moscow me Moscow rohe ki neke atu i te 17 miriona tangata.

He meka nui ko e tonu te taupori ki te tupu. Neke atu i te te 7 tau whakamutunga tonu whakanuia ana tona tau. Katoa tau i runga i te rohe o te Federal District Central mai i te 200-300 mano iwi. A nui haere auau hua. Mai i 2002, i reira kua kua he hua i roto i te ora o te iwi e noho ana i roto i tenei wahi o te whenua.

Te nuinga o te taupori he Russian, he konei ratou mo tata 90% o te taupori katoa. I roto i te wahi tuarua Ukrainian, ka he hautanga anake o 1%. I tua atu i reira e Armenian, Tatar Azerbaijanis ki te wahi o iti iho i te 1%. I roto i e te nuinga hoki o nga reo i rōpū Slavic, e he Russian. Ko tōna wahi - 92% neke atu rānei.

mātanga

Kei runga i te rohe o te Central Federal District Russia mātanga nui.

Kolomna Kremlin. Ko tētahi o nga wahi tino mīharo i roto i te whenua. hanga te Kremlin i roto i te wā i 1525 i te 1531, ka mahi hei pa kē mo te kāwanatanga Moscow hoki nga tau maha. wahi anake o te whare rangatira, he torutoru taiepa, me 7 pourewa kei te ki te rā. I roto i i hanga te Kremlin Cathedral o te whakaaro me te rua o te fare pureraa, i te mea ano hoki utu i te haerenga.

Smolensk taiepa pa. hanga te taiepa i roto i te wā i 1595 e 1602. Ko tōna roa ko te 6.5 kiromita. Smolensk pa ko te wāhi rauhanga nui mo te āhua Russian. Mai te timatanga o te rau tau 17 tauria reira maha nga wa i te hōia hoariri, na tae noa noho te wahi anake o nga taiepa i reira.

Hopersky Rahui. Whakaturia i roto i 1935, kua kairau a Park he arataki i roto i te tiaki i te muskrat Russian, nei taupori i heke. Ko te rahui ko tetahi o te momona i roto i Europe. I tona rohe i reira e 400 ngā roto, e nga waipuke puna o runga ki te 80% o te rohe rāhui. Economic Tari o te Federal District Central utu tokanga makehe ki te whanaketanga o te wāhi tiaki.

ōhanga

Tata 34% o te hua rohe matotoru katoa kiia hoki te Federal District Central. Tenei ko reira utu ki te tuhituhi 22% o ahuwhenua me te 26.5% o te hua ahumahi.

Ko te āhua rite ki te 20% o te whenua katoa te katoa wahi o te ahumahi CFD. rohe Earth Black, i meinga te matua unofficial o Russia, mau te tuatahi o production ahumahi, pūmanawa pūtaiao, me te hangarau, te engineering mīhini me te tahi atu momo o te ahumahi.

Ko hoki CFD te rangatira i roto i ngā o te whanaketanga pāpori-ōhanga, ki te whakarite tatou i te reira ki te tahi atu rohe e hānga ana o te whenua. I tona rohe, ko te kāinga ki te maha nui o ngaio i te mara o te hanga, me te mahere hangarau.

CFA hua neke atu i te 22% o te hiko te whenua o, 19% o konganuku ferrous. Reira hua hoki nui o ngā hua miraka kaweake i konei ki te 30% o te taro, me rota o te waipiro (tata hawhe).

Mātauranga me te Pūtaiao

Neke atu i te 80% o te rangahau pūtaiao Russian katoa whakahaere i runga i te rohe o te Federal District Central. taiwhanga pūtaiao me pokapū hāngai i roto i te takiwa, ko te pūmanawa tata tonu o te āhua katoa. Scientists i huri noa te whenua tae i roto i Moscow he ki te whiwhi moni ki te whakawhanake i ō rātou mahi tīmata te mahi ki te tahi atu feia faatere pakari ranei.

He wāhi nui i roto i tenei takaro e te pūnaha mātauranga o CFD. Tata 40% o te pūtahi e kei konei, me te tuatoru o nga ākonga katoa uru i roto i tenei takiwa. He tino hira i roto i te iwi taitamariki pūtahi mātauranga o Moscow me te rohe Moscow, rite ki te whakapono ai e ko te reira i roto i ngä whare wänanga Moscow taea te tiki i te mātauranga tika ki te kohatu hūpeke nui mo te heke mai, me te taea o te whanaketanga atu.

innovations

Whakatika ki te 25% o ngā whakaaro auaha katoa me ngā whanaketanga e whanau i roto i te CFD. whakahaerehia ana tēnei e pokapū rangahau me pāka ahumahi pērā i "Skolkovo". I to ratou rohe e kawea i roto i te whakawhanake tonu ngā whakaaro hou. Engineers mahi i roto i te "Skolkovo", rave i roto i te kaupapa mō ngā kamupene ao e whakarato ratonga tukutuku, me te tahi atu hua tiketike-tech mo e rua hinonga tūmatanui, me te tūmataiti. Kua tonu kua tētahi āhuatanga nui i roto i te whanaketanga i te urupare. Tohunga i puta noa te whenua faaite tonu ratou wheako, kohikohi te hui, me te hoatu Russia taranata hou e e ia te whakawhanake States, i roto i ngā o te hangarau lags muri ētahi atu. Kei te mahi i tēnei wā maha raukura o wānanga Russian, me te ke i roto i te IT-kamupene kei roto i te rohe o te Federal District Central.

pūnaha waka kōpiko

Te Federal District Central kua tetahi o nga pūnaha tino matatau me te waka nui-tauine. Na roto i tona rohe whakawhānui Trans-Siberian Railway. I roto i nga momo o waka e whakamahia ana i roto i te CFA taea te taratahi rail, ara, te hau, te wai, me te raro (arā raro Moscow).

Ko te roa o rori i roto i te rohe o 146 391 kiromita i te 2010. Na roto i te CFD e 65 ngā rārangi rerewē matua. Here te paetata reira hub Moscow waka (i roto i te tahi atu mea, te nui rawa i roto i Russia).

Ki te whakaaro ki te waka rangi, i roto i te tua ki te pai-mohiotia Vnukovo ko Sheremetyevo, i runga i te rohe o te Federal District Central mahi he atu 29 taunga rererangi. E whakahaeretia katoa o ratou i te Federal Transport Agency.

Ko tētahi atu aratau nui o waka mahi i roto i tenei takiwa - Arapaepoutū. Tenei ko te pipelines roa rawa i roto i te whenua. Hei tauira, te paipa matua hinu Nizhny Novgorod - Ryazan. Ko tōna roa Ko rite te nui rite 230 kiromita.