I roto i te i te whenua ko te TNCs nui rawa?

ahu Trade i roto i nga wa onamata. Ki te whanaketanga o te te taata te tata, kua puta ke tetahi mea, ki te kahore, o te akoranga, o te mākete taonga me ngā ratonga. Ki te hāngai production mua i runga i te rohe etahi, hoko inaianei whenua i roto i ētahi atu whenua mō te hanga ratou ake wheketere - he āhuatanga noa rawa. Tenei whenua Pākehā wāhi (me kaha rawa), e kore e anake, engari ano hoki te Russian Federation. Mau, e pā ana ki te whenua i roto i nei te TNCs nui rawa, ka e kōrero.

He aha te mea he kaporeihana rauiwi?

TNK te tīmatanga ko te kamupene ki te hanga tari i roto i te maha o nga whenua. Ko te tūranga o taua corporations i roto i te tukanga ao, o te akoranga, nui. TNCs taea te mahi e kore e anake rite te kamupene hanga, engari ano hoki i rite torotoro waea, rīanga me te tātari. I tua atu, i konei ngā tahatika rauiwi me moni penihana.

Ko te pūtea, e whai etahi o nga TNCs nui rawa, he nui e nui te huru pūtea o te tahi mau whenua. Hei tauira, te pai ā-tau kupenga o General Electric Corporation ko paku neke atu i te $ 13 piriona, i te mea tata 34 ngā wā neke atu i te pūtea ā-tau o Andorra kua he taupori o 85,4 mano iwi, paku iti iho i te GDP o Tiorangi mō te 2015 ranei. Ano, te tākaro corporations he wāhi nui i roto i te pūtaiao, te wahi o TNCs pūkete hoki e pā ana ki 80% o te rangahau me te whanaketanga mahi supply pūtea, me te e pā ana ki te taua maha o Mua rēhita.

Kamupene: he aha internationalism?

Ko te putanga o corporations transnational i te wahi tuatahi, kua hanga ki runga ki te taea o te whiwhi hua. whakamārama ana tēnei i te hanga o te production ao. Nā ki te aroaro o ngā tipu ahumahi i roto i te rohe o tetahi whenua, ka taea e koe te whakaora i te rota o:

• i runga i te uara o ngā rauemi taiao (ki te kore e te whenua e nona te kaporeihana rauiwi noaa makona etahi ahua o ngā rauemi mata, te hanga āpiti e taea te whakaoti i tenei raruraru i roto i tetahi o rohe);
• (Hanga e tika ana ki ngā rerekētanga i roto i ngā ōhanga ētahi wā iti o mata, me te mea "e kore i te whare") i roto i te rohe pupirikana;
• i runga i te utu kaimahi '(ki te, hei tauira, mauruuru Tiamana me Ameliká ko rawa nui to ratou mahi, whakaae te taua Maori o Mexico ki te mahi mo te utu iti).

hira whenua mō corporations te ao. Ko reira i runga i teie mau parau tumu mau te TNCs nui rawa.

Ngā momo o corporations transnational

E toru ngā momo o TNCs: International, kamupene rauiwi, me te ao.

Ko te momo tuatahi ko te kaporeihana e hanga ona manga i roto i ētahi atu whenua, engari kei te wehea enei huānga hanganga. E ko, to ratou ratou ake production me te rangahau, me te whanaketanga. Otiia, ko te matua pūmau ko whakamahi te kamupene matua.

tavini te momo tuarua rite te hono i roto i te kamupene motu huri noa i te ao. Mau, tenei tirohanga nuinga whakamārama aha TNCs. Ia kamupene i roto i te MNC, he motuhake i roto i te whakahaere i tetahi ngā mahi.

māngai te toru o nga momo kei te rite te huru o te TNCs nui rawa. I roto i te whai o tenei whakatinanatanga, he kaporeihana ranei whakarato he hoahoa arai mo te hanga, tahi ki ētahi atu whenua, te whakaputa āhuatanga o te hua ranei, me te mahi kē te whakaminenga i roto i te tahi atu tipu. Ake mai i te o 80, kei te ahu tenei momo. whai tonu te TNCs nui rawa te tikanga i homai.

tikanga mana TNK

Ko te whakahaere rangatōpū matua e rua ngā taha e ahua: i te whakakotahitanga me te decentralization.

Ko te kōwhiringa tuatahi ko te hiahia o TNCs ki te hanga o te pokapū kotahi. kia waiho te reira i roto i te whenua e no Corporation. Etahi tari whakahaere ratou mahi anake ki te whakaaetanga o te kamupene matua.

taea te kōwhiringa tuarua ki a koe kia whakatau. pokapū Whakahaere whakapumautia i roto i ia peka. Āpiti, ka rite ki te tikanga, makona motuhake o te tahi atu peka o te kaporeihana.

Rauemi mahi whai hua o corporations transnational

āhuatanga whakatairite o te TNCs nui rawa, nga painga mahi o nei te mea mâro-, e ai ta te whai ake: te whakamahi o ngā rauemi mata i ētahi atu whenua, me te ona kaha pūtea, ka taea ki a koe te whakawhänui, ki te hopu i pupuri mākete ranei. I tua atu, i te mahi whai hua e tika ana ki te noho tata o kiritaki ke. He tino pai mo te whanaketanga o corporations transnational Awareness o te whakahaere whakamātautau rangahau, me o ratou hua.

I tua atu ki teie mau parau tumu o ngā āhuatanga whakatairite o te TNCs nui hanga reira te reira mārama e te mahi i roto i te maha o ngā whenua i te wa ano āwhina ki te whakarei ake whakataetae, me te whakapai ake i te whanaungatanga ki te whenua hoa.

Tatauranga i runga i ngā rawa ke

Ko te wāhi matua o te mahi o te kaporeihana o nāianei - te reira te hikohiko, automotive, keri me te tukatuka o te hinu. Ko te TNCs nui maha haumi i roto i te rawa kore-matua ki te tirohanga ki te pūmautanga o te mākete ao. I roto i te wahi tuatahi i roto i ngā o ngā rawa ke mawehe atu e whai ake nei corporations:

• "Electric General". Ko te whenua - te United States, te momo o te mahi - te hikohiko. Ko te rahi o ngā rawa ke he 30%.
• "Royal Dutch Anga". Country - Netherlands - United Kingdom, mahi - te ahumahi hinu. Ko te wahi o rawa ke - 66%.
• "Ford." Ko te whenua - te United States, te momo o te mahi - Automotive. Ko te wahi o rawa ke - 30%.

I tua atu ki te kamupene i tabulahia i reira e tonu nui o TNK, te whakamahi i te tikanga o te whanaketanga mō te whakatutuki whakapūmautanga.

rārangi o corporations

He tohu nui o te angitu te kamupene o roto i te mākete o te ao, ko te uara o hoko mohio i roto i te rohe o ētahi atu whenua. Kua nga TNCs nui rawa, te rārangi o nei whakatakotoria i roto i raro i tātarihia e tenei parau tumu. Hoki, i roto i te tua ki te momo o te mahi me te whenua o te tangata nona, i te tūemi ngā i roto i te moni, me corporations:

1. Walmart (rängai hokohoko, US) - 482,130.
2. State Mātiti Corporation o Haina (hiko, Haina) - 329,601.
3. China National Petroleum (hinu, me te hau rāngai, Haina) - 299,271.
4. Sinopec Groupe (ahumahi matūngahinu, Haina) - 294,344.
5. Royal Dutch Anga (hinu, me te hau rängai, te Netherlands - United Kingdom) - 272,156.

e kore e TNCs katoa enei. Tena ko o 2016, kia enei kamupene ake te runga e rima.

TNK i Russia

Mai te mutunga o te rau tau XIX tamata Russia ki uru i roto i te mahi o corporations transnational i roto i te ao. Otiia e kore e e te whakapōturinga tamau e tika ana ki takaí me huringa tōrangapū tukua ki te whakahaere i tino tenei tukanga. Ko reira hoki tenei take e ki te ra hakari i roto i te whenua te nuinga e ngā ratonga me ngā hua o kamupene ke. Anake ngā tata, rave Russia i roto i te hanga o to ratou ake rōpū pūtea-ahumahi (piki), e he tino rite ki te TNC.

āhuatanga whakatairite o nui te ao TNCs anake i te mutunga o te rau tau XX whakakiia ki māngai Russian, ara te whakatauranga 1996 whakaputaina e Financial Times, aroaro te kamupene "Gazprom".

I te kau, he pōturi ake i roto i ētahi atu whenua i te whanaketanga o corporations Russian. Hoki te whakatairanga angitu ake i roto i te mākete ao kia whakakotahi Russia tautooraa ki te whakapai ake i to ratou ake rōpū pūtea, me te ahumahi, tahi ki te whenua hoa.