Coal: production i roto i Russia me i te ao. Wāhi me te tikanga o te waro maina

Te ahumahi waro keri ko te wāhanga nui rawa o te ahumahi wahie. I roto i te ao, he reira pai ki tetahi atu i runga i te maha o ngā kaimahi, me te nui o te taputapu.

He aha te mea te ahumahi waro

Ko te ahumahi waro-keri tikanga waro whakaputa me tona tukatuka muri. E kawea Works i rua i runga i te mata, me te raro.

Ki te ko te putunga i te hohonu o kaua e nui ake 100 mita, kawea te mahi i roto i te tikanga poka. Hoki te whanaketanga mara i roto i maina hohonu e whakamahia.

tikanga Classic o waro maina

Mahi i runga i nga maina waro me te raro - te tikanga matua o te kohuke tangohanga. whakahaere te nuinga o te mahi i roto i Russia me i te ao e tuwhera tikanga. he tika ki te taonga pūtea, me te auau production tiketike tenei.

Ko te tukanga ko e whai ake:

• Ki te awhina o taputapu motuhake nekehia te kahu o runga o te whenua uhi te mara. E rave rahi matahiti i ma'iri a'e, i iti te hohonu o mahi tūmatanui ki te 30 mita, kua atu te hangarau hou ona-taiepa 3. Ki te he ngohengohe, me te iti te topsheet, e nekehia atu te reira e te excavator. He paparanga mātotoru me te mātotoru o te oneone mongamonga mua.
• putunga Coal pehi ka tangohia atu ki te awhina o taputapu motuhake ki te wheketere mō te tukatuka atu.
• whakahokia kaimahi te whenua tūturu ki te karo i te kino ki te taiao.

Ko te ngoikoretanga o tenei tikanga ko e te putunga waro, e te hunga i hohonu pāpaku, i roto i poke o te paru, me te tahi atu momo.

whakaaro Pūtahitahi me te kounga e ki kia waro keri e tikanga raro.

Ko te whāinga matua o tenei tikanga, ko te ki te kawe waro i rire nui ki te mata. Ki te mahi i tenei, te hanga huarahi: adit (whakapae) me te take (i tahuri poutū ranei).

I roto i te huna e tapahia matini motuhake kaimono waro me utaina ki runga i te ara nekeneke, te whakatairanga i ratou ki te mata.

tikanga raro taea ki te whiwhi i te nui nui o te matatoka, engari te mea drawbacks nui: utu nui, me te kaha ake te tūpono ki kaimahi.

tikanga rereke o te whiwhi waro

He whai hua ēnei tikanga, engari e kore e whai tohatoha papatipu - i te kau i reira he kore hangarau ki mārama whakapumautia te tukanga:

• Waipēhi. Kei te keri te reira i roto i te toku i hohonu. crumbles Coal tui me te tukua ki te mata i raro i te pēhanga kaha o te wai.
• Ko te pūngao o te rangi kōpeke. E ohipa te reira i te mana haamou, me te ara, he hau kōpeke i raro i te pēhanga kaha.
• Vibroimpulsny. Paparanga huna e wiri kaha, i hanga e te taputapu.

I whakamahia ēnei tikanga ara i roto i te Soviet Union, engari kihai i riro rongonui no o te hiahia mō ngā haumi nui. Anake te ringa o kamupene keri tonu ki te whakamahi i ngā huarahi kore-tuku iho.

Ratou painga matua - te kore o kaimahi ki ngā wāhi pea ora-te whakawehi.

te feia faatere o te whenua i roto i te waro maina

E ai ki nga tatauranga o te Ao Energy tukua he whakatauranga o whenua, noho i te tūranga ārahi i roto i te waro production i roto i te ao:

1. China.
2. US.
3. India.
4. Ahitereiria.
5. Indonesia.
6. Russia.
7. Āwherika ki te Tonga.
8. Germany.
9. Poland.
10. Katatānga.

No te tau maha, ko Haina i roto i te mata i roto i ngā o te rōrahi o te waro maina. 1/7 o te mara e wātea ana anake te whakawhanakehia i roto i Haina, he tika ki te meka e kore te waro kaweake waho te whenua, a ka muri i te iti rawa 70 tau te rahui ngā tenei.

US rohe mara whakanoho iho horapa puta noa te whenua. Ratou rārangi ka whakarato ratou te whenua mo te iti rawa 300 tau.

putunga waro i roto i India ko te tino taonga, engari whakamahia tata te rōrahi katoa hua te i roto i te ahumahi mana, ie. he. he o kounga rawa rawakore nga rakau ngā. Ahakoa te meka e India ko tetahi o te tūranga ārahi i roto i te whenua e ahu whakamua ara taupua noa o whiwhi waro.

rāhui Coal i Ahitereiria, nui hoki e pā ana ki 240 nga tau. waro keri kua te kounga teitei o te aromatawai, whakaritea nui o reira mo te kaweake.

I roto i Indonesia, kei te tipu haere waro hanga kaha katoa tau. He tau torutoru ki muri, te nuinga i kaweake ki ētahi atu whenua hua, kei te neke te whenua inaianei atu i te whakamahi o te hinu, me reira te tipu te hiahia mō te waro mo te kohi kāinga.

He Russia 1/3 o te rāhui ao o waro, i te kore ano mohio ki nga whenua katoa o te whenua.

Awherika ki te Tonga e te pea ki te piki teitei i roto i te tūranga - i roto i te 30 tau whakamutunga i te taumata o te waro production i roto i te whenua nui haere e 4 ngā wā.

Germany, Pōrana me Kazakhstan āta whakaiti te rōrahi o te waro hanga e tika ana ki te utu kore-whakataetae o ngā rauemi mata. tikanga te nuinga o te waro te mo te kohi kāinga.

Ko te pae waro maina matua i roto i Russia

Kia tūhura i te. Coal production i roto i Russia he te nuinga tuwhera poka. E marara ana te putunga kāore puta noa te whenua - te nuinga o ratou kei roto i te rohe rawhiti.

Ko te putunga tino nui o te waro i roto i Russia e:

• Kuznetsk (Kuzbass). Kei te whakaaro te nui rawa i roto i Russia kore anake, engari puta noa te ao, kei te roto i Western Siberia. He te kawea i roto i, me te hanga o te coking waro.
• Kansk-Achinsk. Here, kawea tangohanga te lignite. Kei te moni tāpui te haere te Trans-Siberian Railway, noho wahi o te rohe o Irkutsk ko Kemerovo Region, Krasnoyarsk Territory.
• Tunguska Coal Basin. Kanohi e momo waro parauri, me te pakeke. hipokina ana e ia tetahi wahi o te rohe o te Republic o Sakha, Irkutsk Region me te Territory Krasnoyarsk.
• Pechora waro peihana. I roto i tenei mara tangohanga whakamana te waro coking. E kawea Works i roto i nga maina, e taea ana ki te whakaputa-kounga tiketike waro. Kei runga i te rohe o te Komi Republic me Yamal-Nenets motuhake District.
• Irkutsk-Cheremkhovo waro peihana. Kei roto i te Upper Sayan. Coal whakarato pakihi tata anake, me te whakataunga.

Ki te rā, kei te te whakawhanakehia 5 atu mara e taea ake i te rōrahi ā-tau o te waro hanga i roto i Russia e 70 miriona taranata.

Tuhinga mō te ahumahi waro

Kua te ao kua tūhuratia te nuinga o nga putunga waro, i te wāhi ōhanga o te tirohanga, no te whaihua te nuinga ki te 70 whenua. waro production taumata tipu tere: ake hangarau, taputapu ake. Nā ki tenei nui haere moni o te ahumahi.