Production pūtau solar: hangarau, me te taputapu

whangai ana te taata ki te whakawhiti ki ngā puna o te supply hiko kē ki te āwhina i te pupuri i te taiao ma, me te whakaiti i te utu o te hanga pūngao. Production o te pūhiko solar ko te tikanga ahumahi hou. Ko te pūnaha mana supply ngā te marama solar farii, pākahiko, wae mana, inverters me ētahi atu pūrere tikanga mo etahi mahi.

Ko te pūtau solar ko te huānga matua, e haamata ki te haaputuputuraa me huringa o hihi pūngao. I roto i te ao hou mō te kiritaki, ka kōwhiri i te rōpū, i reira e maha mau herepata, rite te ahumahi tuku he maha nui o ngā hua whakarōpūtia i raro i tetahi ingoa.

Silicon pūtau solar

He hira ki kiritaki o tenei ra enei hua. Ko te pūtake o ratou production hoatu silicon. He rakau i roto i nga hohonu o te hanga whānui o ngā utu ngāwari. whakarite pai ngā pūtau Silicon ki te taumata o te mahi o te tahi atu pākahiko rā.

momo o ngā tūemi

Production o ngā pūtau solar kawea hanga o silicon te i te momo e whai ake nei:

• monocrystalline;
• polycrystalline;
• amorphous.

momo rerekē o te whakaaro i runga ki te āhua o e whakaritea ngota silicon i roto i te karaihe. riro te rerekētanga matua rerekē huānga wāhanga o te tōtika tahuri pūngao marama i roto i te momo tuatahi e rua Ko āhua i i te taumata kotahi, me te teitei ake i te uara mō ngā pūrere o silicon amorphous.

i tenei ra te ahumahi tuku maha tauira o kaikohikohi solar o te marama. Ko te rerekētanga i waenganui i a ratou, ko e whakamahia etahi taputapu ki te whakaputa i ngā pūtau solar. nui te reira i te tūranga o te ahua o hokohoko tikanga, me te tīmata rauemi.

momo monocrystalline

Ēnei āhuatanga ngā o ngā pūtau silicon hono ki tahi i te tahi. Na roto i te tikanga o Czochralski te kaiputaiao hanga silicon tino parakore, i hanga nei e o tioata kotahi. Ko te tukanga i muri ko te tuhi o te āhua-tio, ka ua haapuai i runga i te matotoru paraharaha o 250 ki te 300 microns. paparanga angiangi kukū ki electrodes whakarewa mata. Ahakoa te utu nui o te hanga, whānui e taua āhuatanga whakamahia hoki o te auau tiketike o te faafariuraa (17-22%).

Making huānga polycrystalline

hangarau Solar o te hanga o te polycrystalline ko e te āta matao te papatipu silicon whakarewa. e kore e Production rapua e taputapu utu, Na, ki te whiwhi silicon utu iti. puku solar Polycrystalline i te whakarea iti o te tōtika (11-18%), i roto i te rerekē ki te karaihe kotahi. Ko tenei no te mea i roto i te tukanga o te meangiti te papatipu silicon kukū te ki mirumiru iti o grainy, hua i roto i te atu hakoko o hihi.

Elements o silicon amorphous

E pā ana Hua ki te momo motuhake, pera no ratou ki te momo o te takawai mai i te ingoa o te rauemi e whakamahia ana, me te whakamana i te hanga o ngā pūtau solar e pūrere hangarau kiriata. homai karaihe i roto i te tukanga ahumahi ara ki te takawai Silon hauwai te kahupapa e hipokina te tïpako ranei. Pūhiko i te uara pai raro, ki runga ki te 6%. Elements, i roto i te noa'tu o te drawback ki te whai i te maha o nga painga e hoatu ratou te tika ki te tu i roto i te raina ki te momo i runga-whakahuatia:

• uara absorption whatu i runga e rua tekau nga wa atu i taua o kotahi-karaihe me puku polycrystalline;
• He he matotoru apa iti o 1 micron;
• e kore e kōruru rangi pā te mahi o e whakaahua ana i te ao, i roto i te rerekē ki ētahi atu momo;
• no te mea o te auau tiketike o piko kaha tono te kahore tetahi raruraru i roto i nga wahi uaua.

Ko te toru momo i runga-whakaahuatia o pūtahuri solar kō hua ranu i ngā rauemi he āhuatanga rua. E tutuki ēnei āhuatanga ki te e whakaurua te micronutrients i roto i te nanoparticles silicon amorphous ranei. i rite ki te polycrystalline silicon te rauemi hua, engari pai ki reira tohu hangarau hou.

rauemi Raw mo te hanga o ngā pūtau solar o kiriata-momo CdTe

fakahā te kōwhiringa o te rauemi e te hiahia ki te whakaiti i ngā utu hokohoko, me te whakapiki ake i ngā āhuatanga hangarau i roto i te mahi. Ko te telluride cadmium marama-ngongo tino auau whakamahia. I roto i te 70 o te rau tau whakamutunga i whakaaro CdTe te nguha matua mo te whakamahi o te wāhi i roto i te ahumahi hou, Kei te whānui whakamahia te reira i roto i te pūngao o te rā.

whakarōpūtia tēnei rauemi kei te rite paihana tāpiripiri, na e kore e iti tautohetohe tona harmfulness. Kua whakapumautia rangahau pūtaiao e he whaimana te taumata o ngā matū kino tukua ki te huru, ka e kore meinga kino taiao. auau te kaha, ko te 11 anake%, engari i raro i taua o te momo takawai whakaaro te utu o te hiko i taua pūtau puta e 20-30%.

Aggregators hihi i selenium, parahi, me te indium

Semiconductors i roto i te pūrere, he parahi, selenium me indium, ētahi wā tukua te whakauru o te muri i runga i te gallium. he tika ki te tono tiketike mo te hanga o te aroturuki i indium momo flat tenei. Na reira, tenei whakauru tīpakohia ahua, mai te rauemi i ngā āhuatanga ōrite. Ko mo te tōtika record o whakakapinga whai wāhi nui i roto i te hanga o te pūtau solar kahore gallium faarahi te tōtika pūrere e 14%.

hāngai-waerau Sun kai wero

hāngai ana ēnei āhuatanga ki te hangarau taitamariki, tata rite kua puta ratou i runga i te mākete. O Semiconductors organic mimiti marama mō te tahuri i te reira ki te pūngao hiko. Hoki production whakamahi fullerenes rōpū waro, polyphenylene, parahi phthalocyanine, me etahi atu. Ko te hua ko te kikokore (100 nm) me te kiriata ngāwari e hoatu te tau whakarea o tōtika o 5-7%. He iti te uara, engari he maha ngā āhuatanga pai i te hanga o ngā pūtau solar ngāwari:

• kahore hoki te hanga pau te rota o te moni;
• te kaha ki te tāuta i pākahiko i te parae o whakaiti ngāwari, kei hea he ngāwari o faufaa rahi;
• noho noa whakatairite me te wātea o te tāutanga;
• pūhiko hangore kahore pānga kino i runga i te taiao.

waikawa matū i roto i te tukanga ahumahi

Ko te pūhiko solar tino utu ko te multicrystalline monocrystalline ranei pereti silicon. Hei whakanui pai silicon whakamahi whika tapahia psevdokvadratnye, te āhua taua taea pereti moenga mätotoru i roto i te kōwae i muri. I muri i te tukanga whakairo noho i te mata o ngā papa mōkitokito pakaru papa e kua horoia e te tikanga o te waikawa me te texturing ki te whakapai ake fariiraa o te hihi maiki.

Ko te ara rite mata tukinotia tohu matapōkeretia kitea te microprism ineine i te tafa'aki o nei te marama patu nga papa taha o te tahi atu haurangi. Whakakaewa Hātepe kakano heke rauemi huritao e pā ana ki 25%. whakamahia te tukanga waikawa te raupapa o te waikawa me te kawakore maimoatanga, engari Kāore nui whakaiti te matotoru apa, no te mea e kore e taea e te pereti te tu i te tukatuka e whai ake nei.

Semiconductors i roto i te Solar

hangarau production pūtau solar kōrero e te ariā taketake o te u te hikohiko, ko te PN-komititanga. Ki te whakakotahi kotahi pereti kawe ia hiko o te n-momo me te p-momo kawe ia he p-momo, te mata o te whakapā i waenganui puta ratou PN-komititanga. Ko te āhuatanga ōkiko taketake o te whakamāramatanga ko te whai wāhi ki te mahi rite te arai, a ka mahue i te hiko i roto i te ahunga kotahi. Ko tenei pānga taea ki a koe te whakatū i te mahi tonu i-parirau o pūtau solar.

Ka rite ki te hua o te pereti tūringiringi phosphoric pito i hanga n-momo apa, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te mata o te huānga i te hohonu o te 0.5 microns. Hanga o pūtau solar whakarato te kătahi pāpaku o kawe o te ritenga atu tohu, e ara ake i raro i te mana o te marama. Ratou ara ki te mana o te rohe PN-komititanga kia poto, ratou e taea te utu atu ka tutaki ratou tetahi ki tetahi, ko te kupu e kore e whakaputa i tetahi nui o te hiko ranei.

Ko te whakamahi o te waikawa wē-matū

I roto i te hanganga pūhiko kōmaru whakaratohia ki te mua mata grille tāuta nāianei tiki me te taha hoki, i te mea he whakapā tonu. I roto i te ari tūringiringi, tuku he ara iahiko hiko i waenganui i nga rererangi e rua me te ki te mata mutunga.

Hei tango i te katinga, taputapu e whakamahia ana mō ngā pūtau solar, e taea ki te mahi i reira ki te awhina o wē-matū, waikawa matū, ranei mihini, i te taiaho. Kei te maha whakamahia tikanga o te rongo wē matū. whakamana waikawa te wā kotahi mo te tāpae o paraharaha silicon tāpae tahi. Ko te putanga o te tukanga tei runga i te roanga o te maimoatanga, te tikanga te hanganga te rahi o te tapawhā o te rauemi, te ahunga jet o rere katote me ētahi atu āhuatanga.

Taupānga o antireflection paninga

Na roto o te tono i te kakano i runga i te whakaata huānga mata heke te ki 11%. Tenei te tikanga e kitea tetahi noa whakatekau o hihi i te mata, me te kore whai wāhi i roto i te hanganga o te hiko. Ki te whakaiti i taua parekura ki te taha ki mua o te huānga pani te ki kătahi hohonu o ngātere marama, kahore whakaata ratou hoki. Scientists, tango ki pūkete nga ture o optics, whakatau i te hanganga me te matotoru o te apa, na te hanga, me te tāuta o te pūtau solar pera-pani whakaiti te whakaata ake ki te 2%.

metallization Whakapā o te taha ki mua

hangaia te huānga mata te ki te takanga mai whakaritea te nui mōrahi o te radiation e te whakaritenga e te āhuatanga ahu, me te hangarau o te whakarewa tono. Te kōwhiri i te hoahoa o te mua o te Engineers faaoti nga raruraru taha e rua. Whakaiti i te parekura whatu puta i roto i ngā rārangi kikokore me ratou whakaritenga i te tawhiti i tetahi ki tetahi. Hanga o pūhiko solar ki nui rahi mata arata'i ki te meka e wahi o te tiaki kua kahore wa ki te tae ngaro whakapā te me.

Na reira, te papa'iraa pūtaiao uara o te tawhiti me te matotoru o ia raina whakarewa. takai angiangi rawa o tuwhera wāhi i runga i te mata o te mema mo te ngongo i te hihi, engari e kore e noho i te rota o te nāianei. tikanga hou o te tono i te metallization ngā i roto i te stencil tā. Ka rite ki te nuinga o te rauemi he tika hiriwa-whakapiri. Nā ki te whakamahi o te ngau tōtika huānga e 15-17%.

Metallization i te taha muri o te mea

whakarewa pani i te taha hoki o te pūrere puta i roto i kaupapa e rua, i ia o nei mahi ona ake mahi. Angiangi paparanga tonu i runga i te mata katoa, ki te kahore hoki te tahi mau tatau sputtered konumohe, me te ki tonu te kohao te ki te whakapiri hiriwa, e whai te tūranga o te whakapā. kaimahi kahu konumohe totoka rite te pūrere whakaata mo te taha ki muri o te utu noa e kia ngaro ai i roto i nga here werewere o tioata ripekapeka. Ki te paninga taua mahi 2% atu awhi solar i runga i te mana. mea arotake Kiritaki e he atu roa enei huānga me e kore e pera te nui whakawhirinaki i runga i te rangi kapua.

Production o awhi solar ki o ratou ringa ake

Power supply i te ra, e taea e kore katoa te tono me te tāuta i te whare, no te mea utu ratou he nui nui i tenei ra. Na he tokomaha nga kaimahi ariki, me te rangatira te hanga o awhi solar i te kāinga.

kete photovoltaic Hoko mō whaiaro whakaminenga-taea e runga i te Internet i te ngā pae. tei to ratou uara i runga i te maha o te mau papaa parau e whakamahia ana me te kaha. Hei tauira, kete mana-iti, i 63 ki te 76 Watts ki 36 paraharaha e 2350-2560 moni. aua. whiwhi hoki te reira i ngā tūemi mahi hōiho i te rārangi production mo tetahi take.

A, no te kōwhiri i te momo faafariuraa pūaho ā tango e ki pūkete te meka e he ake ātete ki te rangi kapua, me te mahi i reira pai ake monocrystalline pūtau polycrystalline engari i te ora poto. Monocrystalline i te kakama teitei i roto i solar rangi, a ka muri nui roa ratou.

Hei whakarite i te hanga o awhi solar i te kāinga, e hiahia ana koe ki te tātai i te tapeke kawenga o ngā pūrere katoa kia e ka powered e te inverter o te heke mai, me ki te whakatau i te kaha o te pūrere. No reira te maha o ngā pūtau solar, i tango ki pūkete te koki o te rōpū. Ētahi kaitoi ngā te taea o ngā rerekētanga i roto i te tūranga pūtea o te manureva, i runga i te tiketike o te solstice me te hotoke - i te matotoru o te hukarere.

E whakamahia rauemi Various ki te hanga i te whare. Nuinga o ngā wā konumohe hoatu kowiri ranei koki whakamahia kahupapa, poari matūriki me ētahi atu. Hanga te wahi mārama te o te karaihe organic noa ranei. Kua soldered kē Sales pūtau solar ki conductors he pai rite mahi whakaminenga māmā taua hoko. E kore e te mau api tāpae tetahi i runga i te tahi atu - ka taea e te raro e hoatu microcracks. Tūhoto me rere tono i mua. āhuatanga whakapiringa māmā, whakatakoto tika ratou i runga i te taha mahi. I te pito o te pereti paiherea te ki te busbars (conductors whānui), na te putanga "tango" me "me".

I muri i whakamatauria tenei mahi te ka hiri rōpū. rangatira Foreign pūhui whakamahia mo tenei whakaaro, engari ko ratou tino utu mo to tatou kaimahi. pūtahuri Homemade hiri ki silicone, me te taha ki hoki pani ki te wanihi e hāngai ana i runga i te kiriaku.

I roto i te mutunga me te mea tatou e te rangatira arotake e kua hanga pūtau solar ki o ratou ringa ake, pai tonu. Kia haamau'araa i te moni i runga i whakangao me te tāuta o te tuku, te whānau rawa hohoro utu mo ratou, ka tīmata ki te whakaora i te te whakamahi i te pūngao free.