"Moscou", he taraiwa miihini. Ko te taraiwa miihini o Moscou "Moskva" ko te haki o te Moana Toa Moana

Mai nga wa onamata, kua riro te reira i te iho, kia i tona kaipuke kāwanatanga tino kaha, me te taonga. ngā pā ana tēnei ki manuao, e mahi i nga wa katoa te utu rawa te utu. I teie mahana, Ko te tino pono tenei tauākī. Ships - cars kaha utu, na te whai i te kaipuke mīharo whakapakari te mana ao o te kāwanatanga, e kua reira.

Ahakoa nga piki me ngā heke o te 1990, kua whakahaere to matou whenua ki te pupuri i tona kaipuke. Ki te rā, kua āta whakawhānui reira, ka hou. Kia aroha mai, he puhoi tenei tukanga, me te mea kaipuke hoatu ki te mahi rite wawe rite nga tau whakamutunga o te USSR, pupuri tonu he auraa rahi i. He tauira o tenei -. "Moscow" Pere cruiser ki tenei ingoa tohu tonu te kaha o Taare i te nui o te moana.

ngā mōhiohio taketake

Ko tōna faingamālie he ki te korero i te iti rawa i te īngoa e i hoatu ki a ia nga heramana - "rererangi ōka kawe". Ko te reira i te tino nui e kore anake o katoa te kaipuke Moana Black, engari ano hoki tetahi o nga kaipuke kaha tino i roto i te Munuwao o Russia katoa. tauranga Home - Sevastopol. Black Moana Fleet ki nga ngā pai-mohiotia he rota o raruraru i, pera me te taha Ukrainian tonu i kōrero e pā ana ki te riihi. Na ko kotiti tenei katoa.

Hanga "Moscow" (pere cruiser, o te akoranga) i roto i te pa o Nikolayev. I te tīmatanga, i homai te kaipuke te ingoa "kororia".

Wāhui, te whakaaetanga

Tenei cruiser Ko te ahanoa matua o te kaupapa i roto i te 1164 "Atlas". Kia te solia te hanganga o te Soviet Navy i anti-submarine kaipuke "Moscow" (hangaia e 1123), ka tonu te rangatira o te heke mai tona ingoa. Ko tōna whakaaro matua i hāngai tonu patu o kaipuke nui hoariri pea (hei tauira, kawe rererangi), rangi korero me te ahi takutai hipokina ratou taunga.

A, no te i whakaurua ai i roto i te "Moscow" mahi? Pere cruiser ki te wai rite wawe rite 1982, engari tona whakamahi te mana timata noa 1983.

Hea noho ia te mea rongonui, cruiser?

Tona wahi tumuaki o mahi ko te moana nui. Toutou "Moscow" kite i roto i te tauranga āhua katoa nei takutai horoia reira. A, no te ka mau te hui wahi Mihaila Gorbacheva ko George i roto i Hakihea 1989 i runga i te motu o Malta Bush (matua, o te akoranga), ko tenei te kaipuke whakarite te haumaru o te amuiraa katoa.

Ao hōu, te whakamahi whawhai

I te tau 1990 GRKR "Moscow" ka hoki ki tona Mykolayiv Māori mō te ao hou,. Ko te anake te mea o te tiango o te USSR roa te reira rite 8.5 tau, a 13 Haratua 1998 anake riro ia i te haki hou, me te kara o te whenua hou. I tua atu, i te wa ano o te tautiaki kaipuke Black Moana Fleet tangohia i roto i "Whero Caucasus", i nei kua riro hoki i "Moscow" te taitara o tiaki.

I roto i te tau 2003, i reira ko te hui i ai GRKR "Moscow" tuatahi whiti i runga i te scene ao mai te wā Soviet. Kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki te "Indra" mahi, i whakahaeretia e tahi i te Moana Black, Kiwa Fleet me te Navy hoa India. Kotahi tau i muri mai ka mau e ia wahi i roto i te mahi "IONIEKS-2004", i tū nei tahi ki nga Itariana. Ko te timatanga o te tau 2008 ka tutaki i te Mediterranean i kawe te kamupene o te rererangi "Admiral o te Tāruru o te Soviet Union Kuznetsov", me ona kaipuke tahi.

I roto i August 2008, te Black Moana tāruru i te mata o "Moscow" ka mau wahi i roto i te mahi ki te faahepo i Georgia ki te rangimarie, i roto i nga wai o Ossetia. I te timatanga o te tau i muri mai whai wāhi ahau i roto i ngā kaupapa whakamaharatanga whakatapua ki te huritau o te ru e wehingia ana i puta i roto i te Sicily te rau tau ki muri. Na, i roto i te muri a'ei o nga heramana Imperial Navy whai wāhi kaha.

Ko te uara o "Moscow" mo te Navy o te Russian Federation

I roto i te whānui, i te kaipuke, te ingoa o nei ko te ingoa o te whakapaipai kāwanatanga, he tonu i raro i tirohanga. Ko ahau kahore okotahi, me "Moscow". toutou ka mau pere cruiser i runga i te poari i te tangata tino kaha o te USSR e rua me ētahi atu whenua. Heoi, e kore tenei i ārai i te mana hou o te whenua i roto i te tīmatanga o te 1990 ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki te tuku i tenei kaipuke mo te mau.

E kore matou e mea tetahi mea, e cruiser hoki tata waru me nga tau i te hawhe tu i runga i nga rakau i roto i Nikolaevsk tae noa whakahaere takaroa uiui matatini. Aua'e, tapahia ki te oko whakarewa kore e hoatu, a kihai i te Black moana tāruru ngaro tona rangatira rongonui.

I runga i te hiahia ki

I roto i te waenganui-1990 i roto i te ara o "ōhanga economical" me "whakaiti utu" i roto i te pāpāho motu maha ahi te whawhai katoa. "Tohunga" roa me maha ngā tautohe, a ahakoa ko reira te whenua e hiahiatia ana te kaipuke te. Tokomaha i whakapono e pupuri i te Moana Black he disadvantageous i te wāhi ohaoha o te tirohanga tenei cruiser, whakahere "mau" ia i roto i te rohe o te kawenga o te Pacific Fleet. mātātoa ratou tautoko hoariri ke. Ratou e kore e tino e maere e te whakaaro e "te kaikohuru o kawe rererangi" ka kawe ona ohipa i roto i enei wai.

August 2008 whakakitea pehea hiahia te "Moscow" te whenua. Ko kaitiaki pere cruiser te "kupu taimaha," anake kua puritia e NATO i whakatau ohorere. Na ko e founga e kore te reira manakohia ki mahara, engari i roto i te "whawhai e rima-ra" i roto i te Moana Black ko he maha nui o kaipuke o te haumi tenei. Ko Moscow (whakapaipai) he huru Koinei māhorahora ki te mea kei te tupu.

Ko ohie te whakahoki: ngāwari taea pere cruiser "Atlanta" kaupapa hanga te rōpū freeboard katoa o kaipuke NATO mo mau. Kei te mohio ki te pai tenei katoa, a reira tonu te ahua o te tiaraa amui patu.

Pehea ka anga te reira katoa

Kia pehea te i puta mai te kaupapa pere cruiser Russia i roto i 1164? whakamunatia te kaipuke tuatahi o tenei piha haapiiraa i te ingoa "Aurora", a tangohia ana tona whanaketanga i roto i te waenganui 70-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga. I te tīmatanga, i whakaaetia te tino kaihoahoa e Alexander Perkov, engari i muri ke reira V. Mutihin. Mai i Navy mātakitaki A. whakaritea Blinov, te rangatira o te rua te ana'iraa.

I mua i te rōpū hoahoa i mahi tino kore-mama. Ko te take i hiahiatia te hōia i kore noa te piha haapiiraa hāngai o manuao, engari mīhini whawhai pūkenga, e pai e taea ki te whakarato rite te korero anti-rererangi rohe o te rohe takutai, a ka riro tetahi wahi o te korero ngātahi, tahi ki te rārangi takutai o taiepa.

Heoi, ki te kaihoahoa rawa wero tāia ki tīrama. mau pani ratou whawhai kororia matatini S-300, hanga ana e ia he putanga o te kaipuke (taea te kitea i te pukapuka "F"), ka whakaturia reira ki te waka hou. pupuritia tonu ēnei patu te fakavavevave tiketike, me te āhei māia nui ki te whakaata whakaeke rangi i runga i te kaipuke Black Moana Fleet.

He aha rongoā hangarau kua whakamahia?

Ko te tikanga i roto i te "Atlanta" Kei te whakamahia whānuitia rongoā pai-kï i te kaupapa kaipuke 1134B. O te akoranga, e rave rahi o ratou tukatuka, engari te turanga hangarau matua noho, kahore huringa nui. E taua wa i hanga ai e whitu nga kaipuke o te kaupapa 1134B, nei ka te īngoa "Boukari" i roto i te Navy. E tenei wa i roto i te rarangi i mahue anake "Kerch", i te mea ano hoki wāhanga o te Black Moana tāruru o te Russian Federation.

Ko te āhuatanga rauhanga matua o "Moscow"

Displacement o tenei oko nehenehe ko 11 500 taranata. He rite ki te 186 mita te roa tapeke o te kaipuke. Ki te whanui o 21 mita o tona tiketike - 42.5 mita. Ehara i Koinei, te parataiao he waka ātea kia faahiahia te 8.5 mita. Te tere taea mōrahi (ka kōrero tatou atu e pā ana ki tenei i muri mai) - 32 knots, te akoranga mua - 16 knots. Ka rite ki ngā tipu te mana mahi pera wha hau mīhini huri hiko taputapu, te kaha o ia o nei ko te 22.500 rita. he. hoatu te motini oko e rua noa propellers.

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te tere o te 16 knots, ka i raro i enei tikanga, te Cruising ngā motuhake o 6000 maero (whakamaoritia ki te pūnaha ngahuru - e pā ana ki 12 000 km). Ka rite ki mo te wa, te kore o kai rite kotahi marama avtonomki. , Ka taea te nui haere Crew o 510 iwi te maha o ngā kaimahi whawhai. Hei tahi ko Ka-27, Kei maramarama whakamahia-whakaaro maha topatopa te pae tauranga i te kei.

mōhiohio hangarau Basic

kaipuke katoa "Atlas" riro kaupapa he pūnaha hau mīhini huri hiko toko katoa hou, e ko tetahi e kore anake pūkaha toko i runga i ia take, engari he rua o afterburning powerplants. I tono te reira i te otinga hangarau hou, ka te wera i te motors haere ara iahiko wera-whakaora (TCA). tahuri te reira i te wai ki te mamaoa, e tītaka te powerplant mīhini huri hiko pŭpŭ tauturu.

hoatu tenei he painga nui. Ahakoa i roto i te akoranga o te ina tauihi ana i 18 knots wahie tōtika kua nui haere e 12%. tere Top ka whakamahi i engines katoa kiia inaianei mo rite nui rite 32 knots, e nga kaipuke o tenei piha haapiiraa ko tata te record.

Āhuatanga tinana

Blinov, te mātakitaki i te Navy, tutuki e te kaihoahoa rongoā hangarau, ai kua i te iti rawa 8 mitamano te matotoru o tata āhuatanga katoa o te tinana. Na roto i te ara i te korero, i nui atu i te reira e hiahiatia o Tuhinga. Nā ki tenei matau-me pehea, e āhuatanga e mauroa tiketike enei kaipuke hōia Russian. Ko nga mea katoa kua tona paku: e tika ana ki te displacement rongoā hoahoa whakamahia (ka whakaritea ki te kaupapa kaipuke 1134B) kua tupu e 28%.

I roto i te tika kia tuhia te reira e kore he tika rawa i roto i te parau tumu i te rite o enei mihini. Ko te take i taua manuao Russian me kaipuke antisubmarine e tino rite anake i roto i te ahua me etahi o nga rongoā hangarau.

I te tīmatanga, ko te "Moscow" me ētahi atu "Atlanta" i patu ki missiles P-500 "karā". Ko te pūnaha mana ahi - "hauhauhā". I te tīmatanga, ko te kaipuke 16 taua missiles. i eke ratou i roto i ngā maina taurua waru kei i runga i te rahoraho o runga. I puta ke te reira ki P-1000 "Volcano" I roto i te atu missiles whakahoutanga ai'a. Ka taea e ēnei missiles patua ngā taumata i te tawhiti o e pā ana ki 700 kiromita.

Basics o ngā pūnaha whawhai

Ko te pūnaha mana ahi taea aratau mahi whawhai, tae atu i te tīmatanga kotahi-wā (ki te hinga tetahi whāinga) o te katoa 16 missiles. Na roto i te ara i te korero, e kore tenei salvo e paturu i tetahi kawe i roto i te ao. Pehea i enei manuao moana ko nga taunga o ngā taumata i taua rōnihi roa-whānui? E mea ohie: rānei i āmiorangi rererangi Tu-95 ranei, i roto i te mahi o tona pūnaha ake o te maramarama, me te arotahi ranei.

Anti-rererangi cruiser rākau o te riri

Hei tōtika whakaata whakaeke rangi i runga i te kaipuke eke te tika rua Sams. Tuatahi, P-300F, ngā ranei te tikanga mo te pūnaha rangi korero zonal. hangaia te tuarua, "Osa-M" Kei anake ki whakaata i te whakaeke rererangi, waka topatopa me missiles hoariri i runga i te kaipuke ano.

Hoki S-300F e tika waru launchers tautuhinga taramu momo, tuku ki te hanga i te āhua tere ratonga recharge me te whakarewatanga. E whakanohoia ratou i roto i te rohe o te mahau o runga me aft o te cruiser. Hei whakahaere tōtika te tukanga o whakarewa me te arotahi, ngā hihiani motuhake i roto i ngā pūnaha pū manuao. Ko tōna āhuatanga ko te pūihi, hanga i runga i te "ngohi poua".

Rite ki ta matou, mo te kaipuke whaiaro korero-whakamahia matatini "Osa-M", e taea ai e koe He pakari papaki ngā taumata i te tawhiti o e pā ana ki tekau kiromita. Kei te tito te reira o rua Pu (ki te pūnaha whāhoki whakahaere i roto i rua rererangi). I roto i te rerekē ki te kaipuke pakeke kete whaiaro korero-hoki he ona ake pūnaha mana. Ko te katoa kariri e rua complexes SAM "wāpu" Ko rite 48 missiles. Fakatatau ki ai, whakaratohia S-300 64 pa.

pūnaha anti-rererangi atu

Ko tenei taea o anti-rererangi e kore e kau fakasio iti. Hei hanga i te reira wae whawhai pono multifunctional, ngā i roto i te hoahoa o te ao (e taea kopere hoki i pūru me ngā wāhi moutere) o 130 wae mm (aunoa, o te akoranga), AK-130. Hei whakarei tona whai huatanga, ko reira he pūnaha oti o te rapunga hihiani "Raiona."

I roto i te tahi atu mea, te kaipuke he pūhiko katoa o 30 mm pū e ono-oko AK-630M. Ko te pūhiko - rua tāuta, ia o nei te mana e te pūnaha arata'iraa me te ūnga aroturuki "reva". Ko te tūnga o te pïra e tata te kaipuke, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki mo te supply o ngā mōhiohio i runga i-papa anti-rererangi rākau o te riri haepapa hihiani "Haki", hanga ake o e rua atu tāuta hihiani ngā: "frigate" me "Sunrise". Kei te etaeta eke ratou Antennas i runga i te atea, me te matua-rewa "kawe Killer rererangi."

Ko te whawhai ki nga submarines hoariri

kihai i kaihoahoa Soviet wareware pehea paoro hoariri kia mua. Ahakoa te cruiser whāiti ru pai tiakina i a ratou: i reira ko te matatini pai kï pāorooro "Platinum", e ngā te pūihi tōia me māhunga. Hoki whakaekenga tika o mua hoariri whakaratohia e rua noa pūrere 533-mm ki te whakarewa i mua.

I te anga ke, e rua RBU-6000 tāutanga (pere me poma) rite te wa hangaia te ki te tiaki i te kaipuke i waipūtanga tōkiri o te hoariri.

aromatawai te tairanga o nga kaipuke katoa o te kaupapa

hāngai Tapeke o kaupapa "Atlas" Kei runga i nga kaipuke e wha. hoatu te mahi e toru anake. Ia o nga kaipuke tēnei wā i roto i te mahi. mahi ratou i runga i te Moana Black, Kiwa me Munuwao Northern. I roto i te parau tumu, tahuri te "Atlas" kaupapa i roto i tino tika, me te tika o te aro rite te ātete ki te momo 1144 "Orlan" matua. Kaupapa 1164 marae i tawhiti iti displacement, engari ko kahore kino te rākau o te riri, a i roto i te nuinga o te wā, pai atu i to ratou matua.

I tua atu, ara, no te hanga i homai te kaupapa matua patu ino. Waihoki, i te kau fakasio hou i ngoikoretanga nui. Ko te kupu, "Orlan" kaupapa i runga i 96 kaipuke i missiles mo te S-300, i te "Atlantis" o 64 anake mongamonga. I tua atu, SAM "Osa-M" i kotahi te tikanga pai mo kaipuke whaiaro korero-ki whakaeke rangi, engari i te wa o to ratou whai wāhitanga kau fakasio he mārama e kore e nui. I te pae hopea, i runga i nga kaipuke Kaupapa 1144 i reira i tika 16 Pu "oka".

Ko te kupu, Project 1164 kau fakasio maitai tutuki ngā whakaritenga katoa o te parau haapiiraa Soviet mutunga i runga i te whakamahi o te Navy ka whakaritea manuao ki te unga ki te whawhai anake, ki te he ratou cover rangi pono. Kia aroha mai, hāngai te āhua o ngā take o nāianei ki te mea kino he whakaako taua. Ehara i te mea i nga wa katoa e taea ana ki te whakarato tiaki pono o kaipuke i te rangi, na he reira tino nui ki to ratou ake pūnaha rangi korero.

Ko te drawbacks matua o nga oko kaupapa

Ko te drawback tino nui (anake mo te mita whakaahuatia ana i runga) ko te aroaro o tetahi anake hihiani Romamaha ( "poipoi") te tikanga ki te pu me te arata'iraa take ngā te C-300 matatini. I tua atu, i roto i te take o te wae kaipuke kore tata rawa ngaro atu iti iho tika ranei tiaki i whakaeke i te rangi, "Ngaru" e kore e whakaata i te whawhai ki te neke atu i te kotahi aronga. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki rite fakasio Ameliká (hanga i raro i te kaupapa "Ticonderoga"), ka eke ia o ratou i runga i wha (!) Hihiani Independent e taea te kawe aunoa me te kopere iho ngā whāinga i runga i te maha o akina ana.

Ko te kupu, ko te aroaro o anake teihana hihiani kotahi e kore anake tahuri te "Atlanta" i roto i te ūnga ngā ngāwari mō whawhai hoariri tirohanga, engari ano hoki hanga reira tino kino missiles anti-NATO, i roto i nga tau tata nei whakaatu i te whai wāhitanga nui i roto i te mara o te whakaeke maha-rängai.

He Kua whakapumautia te kaipuke i te pa o Nikolayev enei. Ko tēnei wā wāhi hanga i runga i te rohe o tetahi atu whenua e kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te huru rawakore, a reira ko te marae taua he pea ki te e hanga. Anake tumanako hoki te ahumahi korero kāinga, e ka e taea ki te whakatū i te hanga o te tahi mea rite taua.