Classics o tuhinga ao: tautuhi i te ta'ealafakamatala'i

"Ka rite ki te waiata i whakaako", "haere ahau i kite i te Talafungani" - e taea te rongo i enei takaí i roto i te kupu rā. Heoi, ko reira pea e tatou tino mōhio o te mea i nga kaituhi te tika ki te tomo i te moni koura o belles-lettres, me i roto i te whānui ko reira he āhuatanga - he aronui o tuhinga ao. ka whakahoki taua pātai i roto i tēnei tuhinga.

raruraru o te kupu

Hei ngā te ariā o te puāwaitanga ko āhua uaua, no te mea whakamahia tenei whakamāramatanga i roto i maha tikanga rerekē. Hoki te reo taketake toharite, he reira rite ki te paerewa pai, e ki nei he mea tika ki te tutava no te. Heoi, he mea kahore faarahiraa ki te mea e pā ana ki te tuhinga tua atu i enei tawhā me pūkoro tēnā i runga i te wā ngā. Na, hoki Corneille ko Racine Talafungani o tuhinga ao - he matua he hua o nga wa o Antiquity, te Middle ake, i o ratou tino whakamanuhiritia. I te timatanga o te rau tau XIX reira i ara pā tautohe e te pai o te mea katoa i roto i Russia te kē tuhituhia. Whakaae: faahinaaro o Pushkin, Dostoevsky ko Tolositoi taua whakapae mea tino wawau.

He tirohanga rerekē

Ano, i raro i te "tuhinga puāwaitanga" ētahi wā e pā ana ki te hua, hanga ki Modernism. Ahakoa tenei ra kia whakaaro ahua tawhito tenei tirohanga kia, rite ki ngā pukapuka o Joyce ko Proust, peita Dali ko Malevich o Kafka kua roa haere ki te kāwai o te moni koura o te toi tarutaru i nga to'utangata iti pūmanawa.

I te wa ano, i roto i te noa'tu o te whakarerekētanga hītori o Talafungani tuhinga ao noho mure ore, pūkenga, me te pūmanawa. Ahakoa i muri rau o nga tau, unu tangata e ki te mahi a Shakespeare, Goethe ko Pushkin, te whakamārama ratou i roto i a'oraa rerekē. Ko te taea tenei te mea te hohonu o to ratou ihirangi, hāngaitanga ki te katoa.

Na, Whakarāpopoto ake: ngā reira tuhinga matarohia? Books Classics, nei mahi e te pānui i tenei ra.

Puāwaitanga me "teitei" papai - te mea ano?

puta ngā tata - te wehenga o te tuhinga ki toru "taumata" - tiketike, belletristic me te papatipu. More ïa, ka i hanga mō te kaipānui pukapuka whakangahau toharite. Classics o tuhinga ao te nuinga hāngai ki te "teitei" o e fakatupú. He matau ratou, e rapu mahi nui i runga i te wahi o te kaipānui, o tona wheako. Heoi, tono te wā "matarohia" te ki te tauira pera-ka karanga tuhituhinga papatipu, ahakoa i roto i te tikanga ahua rerekē. He tauira o tenei ko nga detectives o Agatha Christie me wawata Tolkien. A, no te titau i to ratou pā he reira - he aronui o tuhinga ao, te tikanga ratou e te "Inia Ten Little" ranei "Ariki o nga Rings" Kua mahi rite te tauira pai mō ngā kaituhi heke mai nei mahi i roto i enei momo. Pera i te matara te hua ko ka noho i roto i te mahara o te hunga pānui, he uaua ki te whakawa, e kore e tuhinga hoatu he whakahoki pau ki tenei pātai.

Rārangi o te waiata ao

Kua riro te reira i te faaineineraa tuku iho o ngā pukapuka o whakawākanga, pānui whakahauanga hoki te hunga e hiahia ana ki te kia whakaaro te tangata kuraina pono. Whakatūwhera enei rārangi fakatupu o kaituhi Kariki me Roma onamata: Homer ( "Iliad"), 'aa'i ( "Prometheus herea") ko Virgil ( "Aeneid"). i nga hua i runga ake i te tika mutunga ki te kakahu i te taitara hōnore o "Talafungani o tuhinga ao." Ko te tau o te anotau Middle ka te pouraka o te auaha J .. F. Villon ko Chaucer, me te maha mure ore o mahi tuhituhi kahore kaituhi.

hoatu Renaissance kaihanga tatou whakapakoko tonu - Shakespeare ko Cervantes. Heoi, me mahara ano hoki tatou e pā ana ki Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio, lopë de Vega, Fransua faito me ētahi atu. i tohua rau XVII i te Baroque (Pedro Calderon Gongora) me matarohia (Racine, Corneille, Moliere) toi. Na ka haere mai te wā o te Māmá, kua taonga te tuhinga nga ingoa o Voltaire, Rousseau, Goethe ko Schiller.

tuku XIX rautau te mahi whaiāipo o Byron, Scott, Hoffmann, Hugo, Poe. Wahi i roto i te waenganui o te romanticism rautau whakakapi i te talena tino me pūrākau Stendhal, Balzac, Dickens.

Tahuri o te rau tau āhuatanga e te ahua o te nekehanga Onaianei tuatahi - tohu (Verlaine, Rimbaud, Wilde), naturalism (Zola) me te Impressionism (Knut Hamsun). I te wa ano whiwhi i roto i rongonui pera-ka karanga whakaari hou (Ibsen, Shaw, Maeterlinck), e whangai ana ki te rethink tino tikanga whakaari tawhito. taonga rau tau rua tekau tuhinga pūrākau nāianei (kīia ki Kafka, Proust ko Joyce), he maha nui o rerenga Five - surrealism Dada, expressionism. Ko te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau whakamutunga i tohua e te mahi a Brecht, Camus, Hemingway ko Marquez. Ka taea hoki te kōrero e pā ana ki nga mahi-Aohou nāianei kua riro Talafungani (Pavic, Suskind).

kaituhi puāwaitanga Russian

waiata Russian - ko pono tenei he kōrero rerekē. kitea XIX ko XX rautau nga ingoa o Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Turgenev, Fet, Goncharov, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Chekhov, poraka, Gorky, Yesenin, Bulgakov, Sholokhov ... o ratou mahi āhua Talafungani o tuhinga Russian, me te ao.