Coal o Ukraine. keri Coal i roto i Ukraine. He ton o waro: te utu

Coal Ko tetahi o te rauemi pūngao matua o Ukraine, e taea te whakaaro rite te pūkaha o tona ōhanga. Ko te tino nui te āhua o te ahumahi waro o nāianei, me te titau mehua tautoko. I roto i tenei tuhinga i te hanganga o te ahumahi, korero e pā ana ki te kaweake me kawemai o waro Iukereiniana, ona whenua rāhui, me te he tātaritanga o te raruraru matua ngā i roto i te whenua o maina.

Coal rite te taurangi o te mana motuhake ōhanga

Coal Ukrainian Ko te puna pūngao anake e ka whakarato i te whenua i roto i te nui. ahumahi Coal noho te wahi nui i roto i te hanganga o te wahie, me te matatini pūngao, me te tino pānga te āhua o te ōhanga rite te katoa. Ko te hua i roto i te moni o tenei rängai whai wāhi ki te pūmanawa ōhanga o Ukraine. A, i roto i nga wa o mōrearea i roto i te mākete pūngao kei te te mamae i te ahumahi waro katoa me ahumahi e pā ana.

Ko te moni o te ahumahi waro

I whakaputahia i roto i te waro Donets Basin he utu nui. Ko te tika ki te hohonu nui o ngā papa, me te mana iti whiwhi tenei. utu High he moni nui raro o te ahumahi waro. Ahumahi ki riro atu pai, economists tūtohu rapu mō whai wāhitanga ki te whakawhānui i tōna taea, me te whakaiti i putunga kohuke i runga i te utu tangohanga. whakaaro te ahumahi waro te ki kia-utu whai hua ki te nui te moni i te hoko waro te utu o te kore iti iho i te 16%. Tata ki te katoa o ngā maina Donbass kore e whakatau i tenei whakaritenga, a ka whakapono etahi tohunga kia hipokina.

maina Coal i roto i Ukraine

I roto i Ukraine i reira e pā ana ki 150 maina, kua tū 90% o ratou i roto i te rohe o Donbass. I tona rohe i reira e pā ana ki 100 maina whakahaere, te tango pūngao me te waro coking-kounga teitei, 14 maina i te mana o hinonga kāwanatanga-puritia motuhake, a kei te puku puritia 28 kamupene waro.

Lvov-Volyn peihana noho e pā ana ki 10 mano sq. Km. He iti nga rāhui waro i roto i te rohe, kia kua whakaritea i te 15 maina whakahaere ki te waiho 2. anake nga putunga nui o waro parauri ko Ternopil ko Zakarpattya rohe, me te i runga i te rohe o Pridneprovsk lignite peihana. I roto i te rohe Dnepropetrovsk, i reira e rua ngā kamupene waro: DTEK ko Pavlogradugol, te tikanga o nei i reira e 10 ngā pahū. Neke atu i te 40 maina waro kei roto i te rohe o Lugansk. I roto i nga tau tata nei, e tika ana ki te āhuatanga ōhanga uaua i roto i Ukraine, hokona, ka hoatu ki nga riihi wā roa-ki takitahi tūmataiti etahi o aku.

rāhui Coal i roto i Ukraine

E ai ki nga raraunga tuhia, kua 33,873 piriona taranata ngahuru o rāhui waro, e riro 3.9% o te rāhui ao Ukraine. O enei, 15,351 piriona toni he waro kerekere, me te korotā, te okiokinga - lignite, ranei waro parauri. Hoki aromatawai me te tātaritanga tohunga e rahui nui mo enei tau e 460 Ukraine.

Te nuinga o nga rakau i roto i te rohe o Donetsk, Pridneprovsk me Lviv-Volyn peihana i te hohonu nui. Tuatapaparaa o ngā maina ngā pūkete mō te 6.1 piriona taranata, o nei neke atu i te hawhe hinga ki runga ki kerekere, me te toenga - mō te coking waro.

Momo o te waro keri

I runga i te rohe o Ukraine hua e toru ngā momo o te waro: lignite, waro me te kerekere. Brown takoto i te hohonu o te 1 km me te tohu i te hanganga taiao o mate toenga organic puta i raro i kawenga pānga, me te faateiteihia e te pāmahana. Kei te āhuatanga i te reira e te pāmahana parariraa āhua iti e tika ana ki te ihirangi makuku tiketike (e pā ana ki 40%). Hawhe o tona hanganga hanga matū te ahua.

whakaaro Coal te ki hei te momo tuatahi o kora matatoka. Kua meinga Ko tōna whakamahi i te revolution ahumahi, i whanau i raro i te mana o te ahumahi waro. Coal nui iti te wai (e pā ana ki 10%) kei, hua i roto i te pūngoi nui, me te pāmahana ngingiha tiketike. Volatiles hanga 32% o tona hanganga, pai kia mura te waro te. Paparanga o te matatoka i te hohonu o e pā ana ki 3 km. keri waro i roto i Ukraine i te maina o Donetsk me Lugansk rohe.

waro kerekere ko te kōeke pai. titoa tata katoa o waro ia. āhuatanga kerekere e uara calorific tiketike, me te kawe ia hiko tiketike. Otiia e tika ana ki tona hanganga, he mea painga pūkākā. Tenei ahua o te waro, ko te i te hohonu o te 6 km. Fele e Kei putunga kerekere i roto i te pae maunga atu wāhi ranei e kua waiho i raro ki nekehanga kaha o kirinuku o te whenua.

Utu o te waro i roto i Ukraine

Fele, i hanga te utu o te waro e tango ki pūkete te āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

• taiao - āhuatanga āhuarangi i roto i te rohe, te tūranga o te parae, nga āhuatanga hangarau o te matotoru waro tui rohe me te hohonu me te tahi atu tikanga arowhenua;
• production - turanga rauemi o kamupene keri, taputapu motuhake, me te hangarau.

Ko te kupu, e titau tohunga te utu whānui, me te tātari i te kounga o ngā rauemi kohuke, ki te whakatau i te nui utu reira he ton o waro. Ko tino rerekē te utu o ia momo o toka. He kerekere te momo tino utu. Ko tōna utu i runga i toharite i 2000 ki 2500 uah. / T. Ko te na'ina'i Ko te waro parauri (e pā ana ki 1000 uah. / T) i roto i te mākete pōhatu wahie.

kia whanau te reira i roto i te ngakau e he ti'aturi i runga i to ratou māka me te piha haapiiraa hoki te utu o kora matatoka. Ko te kupu, ko reira uaua ki te mea no te tino te nui utu reira he ton o waro. Ko te utu o te momo i teie mahana he utu, me te te tāuta kamupene tika mahi koura.

Kaweake me kawemai o waro Ukrainian

whakamahi ahumahi Ukrainian waro mo te mana whakatupuranga, me rite te rauemi raw i roto i te ahumahi maitai. Ko waro waiariki - kerekere, tona whenua kua i roto i te i te taikaha. Na, tenei ahua o te kamaka ko e pā ana ki 70% o te hanga waro i roto i Ukraine (maha kaweake ki ētahi atu whenua). I roto i tenei take, i reira te mea he kaimahi nui o waro coking.

Ko te kupu, waro o Ukraine i makona te hiahia kāinga e 60%. Ko te wahi tuatoru o te kāwanatanga o kawemai waro coking i Russia, te USA, Kazakhstan me ētahi atu whenua. Tata pau te rōrahi katoa o nga kerekere tangohia kamupene pūngao i roto i Ukraine. nui te taikaha o te matatoka tāwāhi whenua kamaka ki Bulgaria, Poland, Turkey me Iran. E tomo te mākete Pākehā ki te pukapuka nui o uaua e tika ana ki te aroaro o rāhui nui o kounga tiketike waro i roto i Poland me Germany. Ano, ko te whakaiti o deliveries kaweake tino pā tupu i roto i Europe whakahere US rauemi matatoka. Ko te kupu, i roto i nga tau tata nei, ko te hiahia hoki waro i roto i Ukraine iti e 20%.

Raruraru o te ahumahi waro

Ko te ahumahi waro o Ukraine mo te wa roa i roto i te fifi. E ai ki nga mana, neke atu i te 70% o ngā hua pūmau o te ahumahi i roto i te hiahia o te whakahōu, me te hanga. Neke atu i te 30 tau o te whakamahi tonu, he tino ratou tawhito, me te hiahia whakakapinga. Ahakoa te whanaketanga hangarau tere, he maha nui o maina kei te whakamahi tonu te nuinga ā mahi.

kitea whakapaipai huru Poor i runga i te kounga waro. A, no te whakamahi i ngā taputapu mau-i roto i toka keri atu zolistye. Ka rite ki te kino, me te tawhito turanga hangarau tino pā te hua o te mahi, te whakanui ake i te uara o te kamaka tangohia.

keri waro i roto i Ukraine titau pūtea atu. Ko te puna matua o te haumi i roto i te ahumahi waro o te whenua ko te pūtea kāwanatanga, me ona ake tikanga ā-o production hinonga. Hoki te whanaketanga o tenei rängai o te ōhanga titau nui whakapaipai. A i roto i te tikanga ki te kukume haumi i waho, e hiahia ana koe ki te waihanga i tētahi taiao ātaahua mō te pakihi.

I tua atu, i te waro ahumahi o Ukraine kua te auau te tahuti nei teitei me te taumata o ngā aituā i te mahi. Ahakoa nga mahi katoa o te kāwanatanga, te ahumahi waro ko te āhuatanga tino kino o te ōhanga ki te hauora o ngā kaimahi. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, i te tangohanga o te waro ki te kotahi miriona ora ngaro te toharite o rua kaikeri.

He raruraru nui Ukrainian carbs ahumahi ko te nui nui o te waro pira toku mewaro. Ko te āhua i roto i te runga whenua e rima i roto i ngā o te pira (e pūkete hoki 80% o maina whakahaere). Kei te kaha whakawhanake tohunga kaupapa mo tona whakamahi, engari kia tae noa i whakahaere ratou ki te hanga i te tikanga mo te tukatuka o 1/10 anake o nga tukunga katoa.

pānga Tino kino i runga i te whanaketanga o te waro maina poi o mana momo unregulated. Wāhanga o tenei hanga ko 10% o te katoa pūngao o waro maina.

Ara ki te whakapai ake i te ahumahi waro

Hei whakaoti i te raruraru whakaahuatia ana i runga he tika ki te kawe i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā mehua e hāngai ana ao hōu, anō me te arotautanga o waro maina. Kua kē taua hōtaka i whakatinana i roto i te tahi mau maina, ka arahina ki te hua i roto i te moni o ngā mahi.

Hoki, kia whakakaha te kāwanatanga tona kaupapa pūngao, me te hanga i taua mea etahi whakatikatika. Hei whakatutuki i ēnei whāinga, kua hanga tohunga he rautaki whanaketanga o rāngai nui o te ōhanga me te mahi i runga i ngā kaupapa o nui-tauine pūngao penapena.

Na i he whakataetae i roto i ngā mākete ke te waro i Ukraine, me te whakarato i te tono motu tonu, kia mahi i te kāwanatanga i roto i te rua ngā wāhi matua: ao hou o te ahumahi me te mau ana i roto i whakahounga kaupapa here, tango ki pūkete nga tikanga o te whanaketanga ōhanga o nāianei.

ahumahi Outlook

Ahakoa kei te faaruru i teie nei Ukraine he raruraru tōrangapū, me te ōhanga whakapeka, me etahi maina ki whakatarewa mahi, he opuaraa nui te ahumahi waro o te whenua. Whakaaro te nui waro tonu i roto i Ukraine, tona production taea e i roto i te heke mai i te ahumahi rautaki nui o te whenua.

Ka mau ia ki pūkete nga hehema o te whanaketanga o te ahumahi waro i roto i ētahi atu whenua, me te kaha whakapaipai o hanga o ratou ake momo, i roto i nga wa hou he atu pai Ukraine ki te hoko waro ki waho. Ki te mea ka whakatika i te whenua i roto i te heke mai e tata ana nga take nui o te ao, na ka timata te ahumahi ki te tupu rawa hohoro, ka e taea ki te kawe i te ōhanga ki te taumata hou.