Entomology - Ko reira e pūtaiao? He aha te ako Entomology

Entomology - Ko tetahi o nga wāhanga o te mātauranga kararehe tenei. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te ako o rerekē momo o pepeke. tuhinga motuhake he Entomology. He Kariki kupu i roto i tenei huinga. Ara ἔντομον - "pepeke" me λόγος - "whakaako." He he maha nui o ngā ngārara. Ko e pā ana ki 3 miriona ngā momo. Na reira, ki te tūhura katoa o ratou, Me awhina ki tohunga maha.

Ko te hītori o te takanga

Entomology - te pūtaiao o te nasekomoobraznyh. Ahu te reira i roto i te rau tau XVI. ka tere te whakapai ake i te reira, te whakawhetai ki te whanaketanga o te ahurea me te ahuwhenua (Beekeeping).

E rave rahi o te ōmataora nui i hiahia i roto i tenei pūtaiao. taukei ia Darwin, Nobel Laureate Karl von Frisch, kaituhi Vladimir Nabokov, Ahorangi Edward Wilson.

He aha te ako Entomology

Whakatika ki te hawhe o te rau tau XIX, kua ako kaipūtaiao te tinana o rerekē momo o ngārara, i te whakaahuatanga kōhiwi me whekau waho. A iti i muri mai, ka anga koiora ki te whakapai ake i roto i tenei rohe. ka anga ratou ki te ako ngārara, aufauraa i te whakarongo ki te kōhiwi me okana kore anake, engari ano hoki i runga i te takitahi wahi o te tinana. Ko te meka nui tenei.

etahi wāhi

Entomology - te pūtaiao o nasekomoobraznyh momo, arā, o te maha ngā wāhanga:

• āhuatanga ariā o tikanga koiora o te tiaki tipu.
• Pānga o ngā matūkai me te āhuatanga mō te urutaunga abiogenous ngārara tukanga.
• Ethology.
• Ko te huringa ora o ngā ngārara, me te ontogeny.
• Entomofauna.
• Ko te whanaketanga o ngā ngārara.
• Entomology Taupori.
• Ko te Morphology me Embryology o ngā ngārara.
• Putake ariā o te Entomology mahi.
• Geographical distribution.
• Systematics.
• Paleontology.

Whakaahuatanga o te tohutohu

Katoa koiora tau mahi i roto i te ako o ngā ngārara i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatau he aha e tika ratou me te mea ko to ratou wahi i roto i te natura. I roto i te rangahau maha o ngā pītara anga ki te wehe ki ngā momo kino, me te whai hua. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, Entomology - te ako o ngā ngārara, nei matua whakaaro ko ki ako i te whanonga, me ngā āhuatanga o pests ngārara, me te tāututanga o ngā huarahi whai hua o tohe nei ratou.

Tuatahi o te katoa e hiahia ana ahau ki te arotahi ki runga i te meka ngā. Ko, i katoa e Entomology ako, he hiahia ake i roto i te tahi mau momo ngārara, e kia te kawe matua o maha mate pūtaiao. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, Ko te tino tuukino ki te hauora tangata. Hoki, ko kahore nui iti te ako o ngā ngārara e kawea kino te tangata e kore e anake, engari nga otaota hua. tuku tenei ako taipitopito hua ngā, me te whai hua. i kitea Reproduction te pirinoatanga, me te t. d.

kawea te rangahau i roto i mehua mahi e hāngai ana tohe i te pepeke mea. whakamahia matou te mohio o te puka, me te ara o te ora o ia o te pōrearea. Nā ki te rangahau koiora atu taipitopito me ngā kitenga o to ratou oraraa, i taea ki te whakawhanake i te tikanga ki te whakangaro ia ratou pūtaiao. Na reira Entomology - te pūtaiao e kua he pūāhua nui. Trial me te hapa e rua ara ki te whakahaere pests ngārara kua whakawhanakehia kua. Ara etahi riringi tipu ki paitini matū. whai wāhi ana tēnei tukanga ki te whakangaromanga o enei pepeke. Heoi, he mea kino ki te hauora o te tangata. Kia mahara ki e, te tuatahi o te katoa, Entomology - te pūtaiao o te pītara me ētahi atu ngā pepeke. Ako e pā ana ki a ratou e te whakamahia hoki te whānuitanga o te rangahau i roto i te heke mai.

Ko te hononga ki ngā momo o

Ko te oraraa o te Entomology, e taea te kitea i roto i ngā tānga motuhake me makasini e pā ana ki tona uara mahi me te whanaketanga. I muri arotake koe i tenei mōhiohio riro te reira mārama e te hononga i waenganui i etahi momo o pepeke he tino matatini. Ko reira tonu ngā ki mataara te ora ngārara i runga i te wahi o te pūtaiao. Na riro te matauranga i roto i te mahi. Rawa whakangahau i nga raraunga kitea i rua te wāhi mahi, me te ariā o te tirohanga. Huri i te reira i roto i taua i roto i te maha ngā momo o pītara he ari noa pērā i te pirinoatanga, me te symbiosis. I roto i te take tuatahi - ko reira ka ora kotahi ngārara i te utu o tetahi. I roto i te rua o nga - tahi āwhina ki tahi i te tahi.

E mea pinepine ai te pirinoa e kitea e rua i roto i te Diptera, me nga puka membranous. Ehara i kotahi i kitea meka nui. takoto te reira i roto i te meka e kia tīariari etahi momo o pirinoa tika ki etahi momo ngārara, a kia etahi kia polyphagous. He mea nui ki te mahara. He nga wā ka ora nga pirinoa i te utu o etahi, a ka te tuatoru, me te tuawha. Ki te pā ki te symbiosis, kua tenei āhuatanga kua kitea i roto i te termites, popokorua. Ka taea e te hapori e ora tahi ratou maha atu momo ngārara. He hono to ratou oraraa. Heoi i reira ko he mea pēnei i termitofiliya me myrmecophily.

Ko te kāwai matua o Entomology

I roto i tenei take, i reira e rave rahi mau faanahoraa. Kei te wehea ano ki te maha o ngā kāwai - Entomology - te pūtaiao o pepeke. Ia o ratou tā tetahi he aronga. I roto i tenei take:

• pepeke Entomology Private. Kei roto te reira i te raupapa e whai ake nei:

- melittology (te ako o pi).

- Blattopterologiya diktiopterologiya (papata, popokorua) ranei.

- Dipterologiya (te ako o te waeroa me namu).

- Gimenopterologiya (ako o pi, patia, kaieke pylilschikov, termites).

- coleopterology (te ako o Coleoptera).

- lepidopterist (rangahau Lepidoptera).

- myrmecology (te ako o termites.

- Odonatologiya (kapokapowai).

- orthopterology (te ako o mawhitiwhiti te utuafare, fanga he׎).

- Trihopterologiya (caddisflies rangahau).

• General Entomology. Akoranga ia te hanganga, kukuwhatanga me te kanorau o te mahi ora ngārara, te whanaketanga takitahi me o ratou noho.
• Applied Entomology. Ko te pūtaiao e pā ana ki te kararehe, e ngā maha ngā wāhanga. Ia o ratou kua pūāhua nemaloznachimy. ara:

- Forest Entomology.

- kararehe.

- Medical.

• Agricultural Entomology. Kei te ako ia i te momo ngā o te pepeke. Ara te hunga e e kino ki te kai, tipu, kararehe, me te tangata. Ia Akoranga hoki nga pepeke whai wāhi i roto i te ruinga hae o te tipu.
• Entomology whare whakawā. I roto i tenei take mau te reira tetahi he aronga. Ko, tenei Entomology - te pūtaiao o pepeke e pā ana ki te pūtaiao whare whakawā e tuatapapa i te momo e kia puta i runga i te tinana o te tangata i muri i tona matenga. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, mā te whakamahi i te wāhanga rerekē o te whanaketanga o te torongū o blowflies taea whakaturia te wā o te oraraa o te tupapaku. Tenei Entomology - te pūtaiao e kua etahi paearu. Hei tauira, ki te te tinana kahore torongū hua ranei, na kihai i mate atu i te whā haora ki muri. A, ki te he ratou, te patu i te reira i muri i 6-12 haora. Otiia ki te mea kua koutou ra, kia kitea ai e torongū nui i runga i te tinana. I muri 36 h., Ake i ratou i roto i te rahi. Otiia ki te mea kua haere wiki e rua, haamata ratou pupation. i roto i nga ra wawe o te Entomology whare whakawā i roto i te rau tau XIII, ka anga nga Hainamana ki te whakamahi i te torongū rere ki whakaatu i te take kohuru.

Institutions o te mātauranga teitei, ako tenei pūtaiao

Ko te raruraru e pā ana ki te ako o ngā ngārara i roto i Russia, whakatau i roto i te pūtahi e whai ake nei:

- Moscow State University i te Zoological Museum (Moscow).

- I roto i te ako taiwhanga o Entomology i roto i te amaa Eastern Far o Russian Academy o Sciences (Biology me oneone Pūtaiao). Kei roto i te pa o Vladivostok.

- Ko te Russian Academy o Sciences (Institute o whanaketanga Morphology). Kei roto i Moscow.

- Institute. Schmalhausen. Kei roto i Kiev.

- Ko te National Academy o Sciences o Ukraine. Wāhi - Kyiv.

- take e pā ana ki te ngahere me te Entomology ahuwhenua, ako i te Institute o Plant Protection Russian. Kei roto i te wahi o waho ake o St Petersburg. A, kia rite i roto i te whare katoa o te mātauranga teitei, i noho i muri i rave te Soviet Union i te ako o otaota. Tae atu i roto i te evanelia rangahau ahumahi.

- raruraru ki Entomology hauora whakatau i roto i RAMS. Institute tenei o te malaria me te mate Parasitic.

- ako ano nga raraunga puritia i roto i ētahi atu whare. Ara, i roto i te kura Pepeke Tiamana me te coleopterology Paratiki Institute.

I roto i te pūtahi maha o teitei pūtaiao akoranga i tohua mō te rima tau i tīpakohia e pā ana ki 25 545 tuhinga i oti rawa ki Entomology.

tuhia anake 5 pūtahi mo ratou taumata. Ki etahi: University o Florida, California, Riverside Cornell, Davis, Texas A & M.

Ko te Tari o te ako Entomology

Ko ratou i reira nui. Heoi, i hanga te mea matua:

- Te Whare Wānanga Agricultural i te Kuban. I hanga te tari i roto i te 1968.

- I te University o ratou. University o Moscow i 1925, te Faculty o Biology me Tari o Entomology i hanga konei.

- I te University o ratou. Timiryazeva (ICCA). I hanga te tari i roto i te tau 1920.

- Ko te Saint-Petersburg State University.

- I roto i Saratov mo te whare, a ka whakapumautia te Tari o Entomology. Ara, i roto i te State agrarian University. Vavilov.

- whakapumautia tētahi atu Tari o Entomology i roto i Stavropol mātauranga teitei. Ko te reira i te agrarian University State. Vavilov.

Organisations whai wāhi i roto i te Entomology

I roto i te 1859, KM hanga Baer ko academician semenov-Tyan-Petehana hapori Russian ki te ako Entomology. I roto i ngā wā Soviet ko reira he ingoa tino - ". Katoa-Union Pepeke Society"

hāngai ana taua rōpū i roto i nga whenua ngā huri noa i te ao. ara:

- France.

- UK.

- Germany (Entomologischer Verein zu Sitētini).

- Holland.

- Belgium.

- Russia.

- Amerika (i whakaturia i roto i te 1867.).

- Philadelphia (1859 est.).

- Canada.

- Italy.

- Cambridge.

- Germany.

Na te tahi atu hapori Pepeke he:

- Ukraine.

- Ingarangi.

- Japan.

- Brazil.

- Argentina.

- Venezuela.

- Spain (Asociación Entomolóxica Galega, Asociación Española de Entomología, Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, Sociedad Andaluza de Entomología (Boletín), Sociedad Española de Entomología APLICADA).

- Colombia.

- Mexico.

- Chile.

He hoki sosaieti ao: International Society o Hymenopterists, USA, International Palaeoentomological Society.

whakapumautia pai te International Union mo te Ako o Social pepeke.

putanga

Ko te taketake pukapuka Russian wā i runga i te pūtaiao mea e:

- "Arotake Pepeke". Here whānui whakaahua i te whaktauiratia o tenei aronga.

- "katoa-Union Pepeke Society Whakahaerenga."

Ano, i reira he tānga:

- Zoosystematica Rossica (1993).

- "Russian Pepeke Journal." ka anga ia ki te kia whakaputaina i roto i te 1992.

- "Eurasian Pepeke Journal" (2002), etc ...

Ko wātea i roto i te maha-rōrahi He rota o whakaahuatanga nahanaha o te pepeke i roto i te Russian Federation "o Russia me whenua tata (te Soviet Union)." whakaputaina tēnei momo o te tuhinga i roto i nga whenua maha huri noa i te ao.

mutunga

I muri te pānui i tēnei kuputuhi, ka taea ki te whakahoki i te pātai e ako Entomology katoa, he aha ngā wāhi pānga reira. E mea titauhia anake ki te pānui i āta te mua. Hoki, ka taea te kitea i ngā mōhiohio i tenei pae rite "molbiol". reira faataa Entomology i roto i te kōrero atu. I roto i te whānui taea tatou korero nui e pā ana ki tenei pūtaiao. Ko reira mahi wehe, ki te rota o ngā, me te whai hua ki te taata nei. Ko te mea matua - ki te whai i te moni i roto i tenei rohe. A, ki te whiwhi koe ki te ngako rawa o Entomology, ka waiho i te reira tino ngahau, me te pūtaiao fakahinohino.