Gustav Meyrink: biography, auaha, urutaunga o mahi

Ko tētahi o nga kaituhi tino rongonui o te tahuri o nga rau tau XIX-XX - Gustav Meyrink. Expressionist me translator e riro kua whakawhetai āhukahuka ao ki te pūrākau "golem". Kua tika huaina ana a reira tetahi o te bestseller tuatahi o te rau tau 20 He maha kairangahau.

Childhood me te taiohitanga

whanau te kaituhi nui heke mai i roto i Vienna i 1868. Tona papa Minita Carl von Hemmingen kua marenatia ki kaitapere wahine a Meri Meyer, he aha whanau Gustav i poriro. E te ara, Meyer - tona ingoa tūturu, ingoakē Meyrink ka mau ia i muri.

Ngā kaituhi mōhio he taipitopito ngā: te kaituhi expressionist whanau January 19, te taua ra rite te rongonui American kaituhi-mystic, te American Edgar Allan Poe. I roto i te aamu o te tuhinga o ratou whenua, kua kairau a ratou he tūranga rite.

a Childhood Gustav Meyrink ki tona whaea. Ka rite ki te kaitapere wahine, i maha ia i runga i te ara, na pau tona tamarikitanga i roto i haere tamau. mai te ako i roto i te maha o nga pa - Hamburg, Munich, Prague. tohu kairangahau Meyrink i roto i hauhautanga whanaunga tona whaea. Ko te aha, kia rite ki maha fakaangá tuhituhi, i pera rongonui pūāhua wahine rewera i roto i tana mahi.

wā Prague

I roto i te 1883 ka haere mai Meyrink ki Prague. Here puta ia i te Academy o Trade, a ko te tikanga tuaana. I roto i tenei pa, pau Gustav Meyrink rua tekau tau, toutou whakaata ia i roto i ona mahi. Prague Ko te papamuri kore anake hoki a ia, engari ano hoki tetahi o nga pūāhua matua i roto i te maha o pakimaero, pērā i "Te golem," "Pō Uolopēkasi", "Te anahera o te Matapihi Te Hau-ā-uru".

Here ko tetahi o nga ngā matua i roto i te ora o te kaituhi, tuhia ngā kaituhi. Taipitopito e pā ana ki reira ka taea e ako i te aamu o "Te Pilot", whakaputaina i muri i tona matenga. I roto i te 1892 I whai Meyrink ki te patu ia ia, ite i te raruraru i te pae varua hohonu. piki ia i runga i te tepu, tangohia ake ana te pupuhi, ka ko e pā ana ki ki te kopere, paheke te tangata i raro i te tatau o te pukapuka iti - "Life i muri i te mate". Mai i te ngana ki te waiho i te ora ko ia i te wa i pai. Ko te tikanga, te whakatangihanga a tāpiritanga pūngāwerewere he wāhi nui i roto i tona ora, me te mahi.

ka hiahia i roto i te ako o te theosophy, kabbalah Meyrink, nga akonaki ita o te Te Tai Rāwhiti, mahi yoga. Ua tauturu te whakamutunga fekuki ia wairua e kore anake, engari ano hoki raruraru tinana. tukua Writer tona ora katoa i mamae hoki.

pēke

I roto i te 1889, Gustav Meyrink tino mahi i roto i te pūtea. Fakataha ki he hoa, whakaturia Christian Morgenstern te pēke "Mayer me Morgenstern." I te tuatahi, ka haere te ta'uma mea, engari kahore te mea pakeke rawa te kaituhi whai wāhi i roto i te mahi pēke, te aufauraa i atu whakarongo ki te ora o te Dandy fakamāmaní.

I runga i te takenga mai o te kaituhi tohu i roto i toutou, no te mea o tenei, whawhai noa ia he Tūkorehu ki tetahi rangatira. I roto i te 1892 moea e whakama tata tonu ia i roto i te faaipoiporaa, engari whakarere anake i roto i te 1905 no te mea o takaroa ture, me te vilitakí o tana wahine.

Ko te take i te pēke whakawhanake rawa rawa kino, ka kitea i roto i te 1902, ka Meyrink kawea te take mo te tono o te spiritualism me makutu i nga ngā mahi pēke. pau ia tata 3 marama i roto i te whare herehere. mohio ngautuara utu, engari ko te pānga kino i runga i tona mahi pūtea tonu tenei take.

I roto i te mahi tuhituhi wawe

ka anga Meyrink mahi toi i roto i te 1903 ki te kōrero iti Sapphire. Kua i ratou i te moni kite i roto i te mysticism. I roto i tenei wā, kei te kaha ngätahi Gustav ki te Prague neo-romanticism. I roto i te puna tukua e ia tona pukapuka tuatahi "tangata Hot me ētahi atu kōrero", me te kohinga i muri o kōrero poto "Orchid. Kōrero Strange".

I roto i te 1905, kumea e ia te faaipoiporaa tuarua - ki Filominoy Bernt. haere ratou, timata ki te whakaputa i te moheni Sapphire. I te 1908 mai te toru o nga kohinga o ngā kōrero poto - "Wax". e kore e taea e te mahi Literary te utuafare whangai, na ka timata Meyrink ki ako translation. Hoki te wā poto whakahaere ia ki te iriti 5 rōrahi o Charles Dickens. whai wāhi Translation Meyrink noa te mutunga o te ora, tae atu ki te aufauraa i te whakarongo nui ki te tuhinga tipua.

Ko te pūrākau "Te golem"

I roto i te 1915 whakaputaina e ia te pūrākau tino rongonui i te kaituhi - "golem". Meyrink e tango tonu kororia Pākehā. I te matua o te kōrero hua o te Ati Iuda e hanga he taniwha paru, me te whakaoho i te reira te whakamahi i kabbalistskih tuhinga.

Ko te mahi e wahi i roto i Prague. Te kaikōrero, ko tona ingoa tonu mohiotia, te hopoia kua kite i te pōtae o te tetahi manu Athanasius. I muri i tenei, ka tīmata te hero kia kite i moe ke, me te mea ko ia te manu rawa. te whai ana ia ki te kitea te rangatira o te pōtae. I roto i te mutunga, ako e tenei nana'o ofa'i me kaiwhakahou, e noho maha matahiti i ma'iri a'e i roto i Prague, i roto i te irirangi Hurai.

Ko te pūrākau ko he angitu nui katoa i runga i te ao, ka mahue he lekooti mo taua wa tohanga o 100 mano kape. E kore kua te rongonui o te hua haukotia ara te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, i wahia i roto i i taua wa, me te meka e kore e nga mahi e whakamoemiti ana te patu, i roto i Austria-Hungary kihai i oaoa i te angitu.

German ki Russian "golem" whakamaoritia pai-mohiotia translator Soviet Rawiri Vygodskii i 20-30s.

whakarite te angitu nui tuatahi te rongonui o Meyrink me pūrākau o muri, Heoi, he taua tohanga nui, e kore hua ratou. tukua "mata Green" i roto i te maha o 40 000 kape.

Success i roto i te kiriata

I muri i te tuku o te pūrākau "Te golem" Kua riro urutaunga rongonui o ngā pukapuka Meyrink. oho te kaupapa tuatahi ki te mata nui te kaiwhakahaere kiriata Tiamana Paora Wegener i 1915. E tano ia tapao e ki te pūrākau hono Meyrink ratou te kōrero taketake anake. Ahakoa kore te mea i kingi i roto i taua kua faauruhia tenei pukapuka filmmakers. Ko te tūranga takaro ia golem Wegener. Ka rite ki te hua, i hanga e ia he huinga toru e pā ana ki te tangata paru. I roto i 1917, te peita "Te te golem me te Dancer," me te i roto i te 1920 "Te golem: pehea ka haere ia ki te ao." Kia aroha mai, kua whakaaro ngaro tonu te kiriata rawa tuatahi. tiaki te reira i anake e pā ana ki 4 meneti o te wā haora mata. Ko te whakawhetai ki a Wegener golem ka he ara cinematic mōhiotia.

Meyrink te urutaunga kiriata o te pukapuka e kore e mutu i reira. I te tau 1936 i roto i Czechoslovakia, mai te kiriata "Te golem." whakamoemiti Meyrink te mahi whakahaua e Julien Duvivier. I roto i te 1967, tata mooni he pūrākau kiriata kaiwhakahaere French Jean Kershborn. I roto i te 1979, ki te kaupapa taua kakau cinematographer Polish Piotr Szulkin.

"Mata Green" me "Pō Uolopēkasi"

I roto i te ara o te angitu i roto i te torutoru mahi o te kaituhi, rite Gustav Meyrink, "mata Green" me "Pō Uolopēkasi". I te toru o nga pūrākau o te mahi Impressionism Austria tango ano wahi i roto i Prague, i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. "Pō Uolopēkasi" ano hoki te tuhituhi i roto i te puka grotesque, reira he rota o mysticism, esotericism. Kaituhi whakahi e piá 'Austria me rangatira.

I roto i te pokapū o te kōrero e rua o ngā pūāhua takirua. medic Life Imperial ki tona rangatira, he wahine kairau nei i hinga ki te rawakore, me te kuao kaiwhakatangitangi Ottakar i te aroha ki te irāmutu o te Countess Záhradky, nei poriro tama ko ia.

Ko te mahi matua e wahi i roto i te Pō Uolopēkasi, ka, rite ki te kōrero, e kore te tono i te ture mua, te tatau ajar i waenganui i to tatou ao, me te muri. Ki tenei kupu whakarite Gustav Meyrink, tona haurongo E āta hono ana ki te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, ngana ia ki te whakamārama i te mamae o te whawhai me te revolution haere mai.

Ko te tukunga - he pakanga toto rite ki te heke i nga peita o te wa o nga pakanga Hussite. whakaaro kairangahau i muri "Pō Uolopēkasi" rite te ahua o te faaararaa. Ko te take i rite kotahi tau i muri mai i roto i Prague ka mau wahi whaikōrero-fonua, pakeke repressed ope emepaea.

I roto i Russia, "Pō Uolopēkasi" ka hoki rongonui i roto i te 20. ara whakapono maha kau mataotao tuhituhi e Archibald Archibaldovich o Romana Bulgakova "Ariki me Margarita", te kaiwhakahaere o te whare Griboyedov wharekai, tuhi i Mr. Bzdinke, rangatira o te Tavern "Green Frog" i Meyrink.

pukapuka Meyrink

I roto i te 1921 kaikauwhau i Meyrink te pūrākau "White Dominican" kore i riro angitu whānui i roto i te iwi whānui, me i te 1927 tukua tona mahi nui whakamutunga - "Te anahera o te Matapihi Te Hau-ā-uru". I te tuatahi, tukinotia fakaangá tou kanohi, ka puta ia i te translation Russian anake i roto i te 1992, whakawhetai ki a Vladimir Kryukov.

Ko te pūrākau e wahi i roto i te maha o ngā paparanga o te tikanga. I mua i tatou Vienna 1920. Te huru pokapū kōrero - he muimui me te uri o Dzhona Di, tūturu-ora pūtaiao Welsh me alchemist o te rau tau XVI. hinga ona ringa tito tupuna. tuhitia ratou pānui i te mau ohipa faufaa i roto i te ora te taata iho o te protagonist. Ko fakataipe katoa tenei a hāngai ki te haurongo o Dzhona Di.

I roto i tenei pūrākau i awe i te tuhinga Russian. Ētahi toa hoki ki te pūāhua o Dostoevsky ko Anaru White.

kāhua Signs Meyrink

pai ata Āhuatanga kāhua Meyrink e tona pūrākau hou. I tona pokapū tohu alchemical o te faaipoiporaa tapu. E rua ngā āhuatanga - tane me te wahine, te hunga e rapu ana ki te kia toe fakataha ki te kōwae kotahi i roto i te huru matua. Ko haamana'oraa o te mau haapiiraa o te tikanga psychoanalytical Carl Jung o o ngā tohu alchemical tenei katoa. I roto i te hakari hua i roto i te maha nui o tohutoro ki Alchemy, Kabbalah me mau haapiiraa tantric.

mate o te kaituhituhi

Gustav Meyrink, e he rongonui pukapuka pera tawhiti, haere atu i te tau o 64 tau. E āta hono ana tona matenga ki te ati o te tama a ko Porotunatu. tino Winter 1932 tamaiti-tau 24-tau i whara i te faahee, a kitea te ora i roto i te wīra. E kore te tangata taitama taea waha tenei a patua ia. I te taua tau, i te mea kua tamata i te reira ki te hanga i tona papa, ko Meyrink-pakeke ka ora e te pukapuka ngaro.

hipa ake Writer tana tama hoki e pā ana ki 6 marama. Hakihea 4, 1932, ka mate ohorere ia. ¶ Na i roto i te pa iti Bavarian o Starnberg. I tanumia ia i muri ki tana tama. I te urupa whakatakotoria Meyrink kohatu ma ki te tuhituhinga i roto i te vivo Latin, e te tikanga "ki te ora".

I roto i Russia Meyrink kua roa kua rāhuitia, ngā i roto i te wā Soviet. I muri i te tiango o te Soviet Union nuinga o ana mahi kua whakamaoritia ki Russian, ka whakaputaina.