Haydegger Martin: A Biography, rapunga whakaaro

Haydegger Martin (tau o te ora - 1889-1976) ko tetahi o nga pionie o taua mau philosophia rite existentialism Tiamana. I whanau ia i roto i 1889, i runga i Mahuru 26, i messkirch. Tona papa, Friedrich Heidegger, ko te kaimahi pai.

Kei te haere Heidegger ki te riro i te tohunga

Mai i 1903 ki te 1906 Haydegger Martin haere kura i roto i Constanta. ora ia i roto i te "Whare o Conrad" (he kura noho Katorika) me te whiwhi rite ki te riro i te tohunga. I roto i te haere tonu ana akoranga, Martin Heidegger mo nga tau e toru i muri mai. tohua tona haurongo i tenei wa e te meka e haere ia kura nui, me te haapiiraa evanelia archiepiscopal i roto i Breisgau (Freiburg). Mahuru 30, 1909 ka te tangata tohe ake nei he tauhou i roto i te i raro i Feldkirch Tizis Jesuit ohu whakapono. Heoi, i runga i Oketopa 13 Kua pehia ana e ahau ki te waiho te fare no te mea o te timatanga o mamae i roto i te ngakau o Martin Heidegger.

haurongo Poto o tona tonu i roto i taua reira i roto i te wā i 1909 ki te 1911, ako i te University o Freiburg, i roto i te manga minita. whai wāhi hoki ia i roto i to ratou ake rapunga whakaaro. Tona tuhinga tuatahi whakaputaina i te wa, Martin Heidegger (whakaaturia tona whakaahua kei te raro nei).

raruraru wairua, he mara hou o te ako, tuhinga whakapae

Mai i 1911 ki te 1913 i haere ia i roto i te raruraru i te pae varua, me te whakatau ki te waiho i te manga minita, tonu e ia ana rangahau i te University o Freiburg. Here ako Martin Heidegger rapunga me pūtaiao māori, me te humanities. shtudiruet ia mahi o "tūhuratanga arorau" a Husserl. I te tau 1913, ka awhina Haydegger Martin tona tuhinga, a meinga ana ia hei kaiwhakaako i te University o Freiburg i roto i tetahi 2 tau.

te faaipoiporaa

I roto i te 1917, marena te tangata tohe. Whakaaro marena rangahau i roto i Freiburg ōhanga Elfriede Petri. wahine a Heidegger ko te tamahine o te āpiha Prussia nui-rangatira. Koropiko ia - whaiwhakapono Lutheran. whakapono tonu te wahine i roto i te iku'anga tiketike, me te poto o tana tane. riro ia tona tautoko, kaituhituhi, hoa. I raro i te mana o tana wahine te mutunga tipu tuku i Katorika o Heidegger. I roto i te 1919, whanau te hapu i te tama tuatahi, George, me te tau i muri mai - Herman.

ahorangi kaiāwhina mahi, kauwhau i runga i ontology

Mai i 1918 ki te 1923, ko ia he philosopho kaiāwhina me te kaiāwhina ahorangi o Husserl i te University o Freiburg. I te tau 1919 ka whawhati ia ki te pūnaha Katorika, me te tau i muri mai tīmata te auhoaraa e philosopho Karl Jaspers. Mai i 1923 ki te 1928, mau Heidegger kauwhau i runga i ontology. Ontology whai wāhi Martina Haydeggera ki tona rongonui. I karangatia e ia ki te University o Marburg ahorangi faahiahia.

Jobs i roto i Marburg

pai ake Income Heidegger. Heoi, ko te pa ano, whare pukapuka iti, te rangi rohe - tenei katoa ka porearea Martin, ko wai e noho hihiko i roto i Heidelberg. Ko reira konei e rata ana a ia inaianei, ko tona auhoaraa ki Karlom Yaspersom. Tiakina ai spirited Heidegger rapu taumauri, me te fare i roto i Todtnauberg (whakaahua i raro nei), i roto i tawhiti e haere ana i to ratou mau fare - rakau mahi, rangi maunga, me tino nui - te hanga o te pukapuka e tika ana "Being me Time", i riro he aronui o rautau 20 . Tino rongonui i roto i ngā ākonga o kauhau a Heidegger. Heoi, he mahara ki hoa i reira anake R. Bultmann, te faaroo Porotetani rongonui.

Heidegger - te mono ki Husserl i University Freiburg

Ko te pukapuka "Te riroraa me Time" mai i roto i te tau 1927, a ka tutuki te tona kaituhi muri Husserl i te tari o te kaupapa i te tangata whenua University o Freiburg. I roto i te 1929-30. pānui e ia he maha o ngā pūrongo nui. I roto i te 1931 puta Heidegger aroha mo te kaupapa National pāpori. Rector o te University o Freiburg (whakaahua i raro nei), riro ana ia i roto i te tau 1933. E tenei wa ngā te whakahaere o "puni pūtaiao", me te ahua whakatairanga i roto i Tübingen, Heidelberg ko Leipzig.

tahuri atu Heidegger i 1933 i roto i te āhua torutoru tuakiri pai-mohiotia nei mahi ki te kau Nasí. I roto i ana wawata wä e kitea e ia te tahi mea orokati me ratou mindsets. Heidegger, rumakina i roto i ona akoranga, me whakaaro, e kore e whai te wa, me te hiahia motuhake ki te taa i te auraa o te mahi o Fascist "pūkenga" me "Mein Kampf" e Hitler. Ko te kaupapa hou fafau nui me te whakahou o Germany. whai wāhi ngā uniana ākonga ki tenei. Heidegger, nei ngā ākonga i aroha tonu, e mohio ana me e ki pūkete ratou huru. Ko te ngaru o te hākoritanga motu, me te kumea te reira. Heidegger māmālie mau i roto i te kupenga o ngā rōpū Nasí, e te hunga i roto i te University o Freiburg.

I roto i te April 1934, te philosopho noa mahue te pou o te Rector. Kei te whakawhanake e ia he mahere mo te hanganga o te ahorangi Academy i Berlin. whakatau Martin ki te haere ki roto ki te atarangi, no te mea ko kua te fakafalala o te kaupapa here National pāpori i te pikaunga. whakaora tenei i te tangata tohe.

War me he vahaataimi tau

I roto i nga tau o muri mai, hanga ana e ia he maha o ngā pūrongo nui. I roto i te 1944 tohe Heidegger ki te keri rua i roto i te nuu faehau. I te tau 1945 ka haere ia ki te Meskirh ki te huna me te hanga ake koutou tuhinga me ka pūrongo ki te ka Komihana i runga i horoia. Ka hāngai hoki Heidegger ki Sartre, he hoa ki Jean Jean Beaufret. Mai i 1946 ki te 1949 tonu te kanga ki runga ki te whakaako. I roto i te 1949, hanga ana e ia te karapu i Bremen 4 o te pūrongo, i korerotia nei i roto i te tau 1950 i roto i te Academy of Fine Arts (Bavaria). e Heidegger wahi i roto i ngā awheawhe, toronga i 1962, Greece. mate ia i runga i Mei 26, 1978.

E rua wā i roto i te mahi o Heidegger

E rua wā o tuku i roto i nga mahi o tenei whakaaro. Ko te tuatahi roa i te tau 1927 tae noa ki waenganui o nga 1930. I tua atu ki "Te riroraa me Time", i roto i enei tau o te mahi, i tuhituhi Martin Heidegger te whai ake (i roto i te 1929): - "Kant me te raruraru o metaphysics", "Ko te āhua o te turanga," "He aha He metaphysics"?. Mai 1935, ka tīmata te reira i te wā tuarua o tona mahi. pumau te reira i tae noa ki te mutunga o te ora o te whakaaro. Ko te mahi tino nui o tenei wā kei te: tuhituhi i roto i te 1946 mahi "Gelderin me uho o rotarota", i roto i te 1953 - "Introduction ki metaphysics", i roto i te 1961 - "Nietzsche", i roto i te 1959 - "I ahu ki te reo."

Āhuatanga o te wā tuatahi, me te tuarua,

Philosopho i roto i te wā tuatahi o te ngana ki te waihanga i tētahi pūnaha, i te mea he ariā o te oranga, whakaaro rite te pūtake o te oraraa tangata. I roto i te rua o nga Heidegger whakamārama he momo o whakaaro taumauri. E pā ana ia ki nga tohi o te kaituhi onamata pērā i Anaximander, Platon, Aristotle, me nga mahi o māngai o hou, me te nāianei, pērā i R. M. Rilke, Friedrich Nietzsche, F. Hölderlin. Ko te raruraru reo i roto i tenei wā riro te kaupapa matua o tona whakaaroaro ana mo tenei whakaaro.

Ko te raruraru e whakatika te he HEIDEGGER

Martin Heidegger, te rapunga whakaaro o e ko tatou hiahia i roto i, ka kite i tona mahi rite he whakaaro ki te whakatika i te ako hou e pā ana ki te tikanga me te mauri o te. rapua ia ki te whakatutuki i tēnei whāinga, kitea ara e whakapai ake i te pai o tuku whakaaro i roto i te reo. i arotahi ki runga i te tangata tohe tautooraa ko ki te kawe i atarangi mohio o tikanga, hanga whakamahi mōrahi o ngā taumauri.

reo Tino uaua i tuhituhia e te mahi matua o Heidegger, whakaputaina i roto i te 1927 ( "Te riroraa me Wā"). Hei tauira, whakaaro Berdyaev "whakatūahu" te reo o te mahi, me maha kupu-hanganga (te kupu "mozhestvovanie" me ētahi atu) - horihori ranei, i te iti rawa, he tino Kāore. Reo o Heidegger, Heoi, rite Hegel a, āhuatanga e te faaiteraa ngā. Te feaa, enei kaituhi i to ratou ake kāhua tuhituhi.

Sikalú i nei kua kitea Europe

rapu Martin Heidegger i whakakitea ana mahi i te tāutanga o te whakaaro iwi i roto i Europe, e taea te huaina taketake, i whakaputaina te āhua houhou hakari o te civilisation Pākehā. E ai ki te philosopho, te nui te nuinga o ratou e patua ana ki te tangata ki te arotahi ki runga i te upooti'araa i te ahurea o te whakaaro totoro hoki 300 nga tau. Kua eke Europe ki te mutunga mate a reira ia. kia rapua tenei te pēnei ka i roto i a whakarongo ki nga muhumuhu o te ora, kia rite ki Martin Heidegger. e kore te mea faufaa hou tona kaupapa i roto i tenei mea. māharahara maha whakaaro Pākehā pātai e pā ana ki te āhua o te neke tangata me ahakoa puta ke te reira i to ratou ara i roto i te aronga tika. Heoi, whakaaro e pā ana ki reira, Heidegger haere atu. hypothesizes ia e kia tatou "te mutunga" fakahoko hītori, e tika ana ki tona mutunga, i roto i nei e kia oti katoa "tukanga taku whakaware mo te kākahu." I roto i tona kaupapa e kore e te whakaaro hoatu mua te mahi o te tiaki i te ao. Ko te whakaaro o tona tano. Ko reira ki matau i te ao i roto i ta tatou e ora.

Analysis te kāwai

I roto i te kaupapa, hāngai te reira i runga i te tātaritanga o te kāwai o te. Tenei kāwai whakakiia e ia te ahua o te ihirangi. Martin Heidegger, nei haurongo kua aroaro i runga, e whakapono ana e tohu nei i te timatanga o te whakaaro Western me ko tonu rapunga whakaaro te taua, me e te aroaro o e tangi inaianei. E ai ki te tirohanga whänui ana te whakaaetia, inaianei hanga reira he wa whakautu i roto i te pato'iraa ki tona mua, me te heke mai. Time te whakaritea rite aroaro. I roto i te Tokotaha o Heidegger - i roto i te wa i te oraraa o mea rerekē, existential ranei.

oraraa tangata

E ai ki tenei philosopho, te oraraa tangata - te miramira o mahara ki nga mea. Ko te tangata he tohu te reira i te ngā wā "dasien", reira whawhati ki te rapunga whakaaro iho mua, kia rite ki nei te wā e pā ana ki te "oraraa", "oranga mōhiotia". E ai ki ngā pūkenga o Heidegger, tona "dasien" tikanga, kaua, te oraraa o te mahara. te tangata anake e mohio e he matemate ia, a anake mohio ia te temporality o ona ake oraraa. Ko e taea ia, whakawhetai ki reira, hei mōhio o ratou oraraa.

Whiwhi ki te ao, me te he i roto i reira, hokosia he tangata he āhua o te āwangawanga. puta tenei āwangawanga rite kotahitanga o te 3 ngā, "rere mua", "te i roto i te ao nei" me "te i raro i vnutrimirovom e te vai." whakapono Heidegger e ki kia he tuatahi he oranga existential me tuatahi kia tuwhera ki te matauranga o nga mea katoa.

Philosopho, whakaaro rite "rere mua", "tiaki", e hiahia ana ki te haapapu i te rerekētanga i waenganui i te tangata i te toenga o te oraraa mau i roto i te ao. Te tangata rite tonu "mawhiti i mua." rarawhi reira e whakaritea ngā whai wāhitanga kia hou rite te "kaupapa". Ko, oraraa tangata kaupapa iho. Awareness o nga nekehanga o tona wa mohio i roto i te ora kaupapa. Na reira, ka taea e tatou whakaaro he oranga pērā i ngā i roto i te hītori.

Ko tētahi atu tikanga o "tiaki" ( "te i vnutrimirovom e te vai") ko te ara motuhake o e pā ana ki nga mea. kite te tangata a ratou rite ana hoa. hanganga tiaki tahoê te hakari, heke mai, me te mua. mahi mua i roto i Heidegger rite te whakarerenga o te heke mai - rite te "kaupapa," mahi ki runga ki a matou, a inaianei - meake ki te pononga e mea. Tokotaha taea, i runga i te matua o te huānga ngā rānei ki te kia tūturu inauthentic ranei.

oraraa inauthentic

Kei te mahi tatou i ki te oranga kore-mau me te oraraa, e ōrite ana ki reira, ka mea painga ki he wae o tenei haapouri i ana wahi i te tangata, i te mea, ka te katoa whenumi e te taiao pāpori, me te whāinga. E ai ki a Heidegger, e kore e taea te whakakorea oraraa inauthentic huringa taiao. Te reira i tikanga te tangata kei roto i te "āhua o hoko." karanga Heidegger aratau inauthentic o oraraa, āhuatanga e te meka e te tino rumakina te tangata i roto i te ao o nga mea, e tai'oe tona whanonga, te oraraa i roto i te Kahore ihotaata ore. whakatau te reira i te oraraa tangata rā. He mea whakakiki ki te kahore, whakawhetai ki te maia o te whakamutunga piri te ki te oraraa poto. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, ka taea e taa i te reira i te oraraa. Ka rite ki te huru mo te taea o tona roha, matou Kahore pā ki taata. To tatou pākiki homai ara ki reira metaphysics. E whakarato ana i te ara i roto i tera taha o te oraraa o te tumu parau mohio.

Metaphysics i roto i te tikanga o Heidegger

Me kï reira e Heidegger, whakaaro e pā ana ki te metaphysics o tona ake tikanga o reira. Tino rerekē i te māramatanga tuku iho o te tikanga e whakaarohia ana e Martin Heidegger. He aha te mea metaphysics, kia rite ki te whakarerenga iho? Kua tuku iho kua whakaaro te reira i rite he uhinga tatau mo te kaupapa o te katoa, ranei te wahi o reira, te tau'a ore i te dialectic. kaupapa New o te wā, kia rite ki te whakaaro o te moni ki a tatou, ko te metaphysics o subjectivity. Tenei metaphysics, ano, ko te nihilism oti. He aha te mea whiu? Heidegger whakapono e te metaphysics tawhito, riro nei kua faaauhia ki nihilism i roto i to tatou mau taime oti tona kōrero. I roto i tona whakaaro, whakaatu ana tenei i te tauiraa i roto i te mātauranga tikanga tangata o taumauri matauranga. Hoko mātauranga tikanga tangata, mate iho rapunga whakaaro i metaphysics. Heidegger whakapono e taunakitanga o tenei ko te karanga rongonui o te pepeha o Nietzsche "he mate te Atua." Ko te pepeha o tenei tikanga, i roto i te meka, te whakarerenga o karakia, i te mea tohu o te whakangaromanga o nga turanga i runga i i okioki i mua i te mau mana'o tino nui, me te hāngai ariä tangata o te tikanga i roto i te ora.

nihilism o te ao hurihuri

Haydegger Martin tuhipoka e te tikanga te ngaro o te mana o te hahi me te Atua e te wahi o te muri e te mana o te hinengaro, me te take. whakakapia te ahunga whakamua Historical e rere ki te kingitanga o te tikanga o tenei ao. Ko te whāinga o te fiefia ta'engatá, i te mea otherworldly, puta ki te oaoa i te fenua nei no te iwi maha. whakakapi te horapa o te ao, te ahurea me te auahatanga e te tiaki o te fifi fakalotu, rite Martin Heidegger mea. Mīhini me te hinengaro haere mai ki te mua. He aha ko te āhuatanga tuatahi o te te Atua te Bibilia - auaha - inaianei faaite mahi a te tangata. haere auaha o te iwi ki te gesheft me te pakihi. I muri i taua mai te wāhanga heke ahurea o tona roha. Nihilism Ko te tohu o nga wa hou. Nihilism, kia rite ki Heidegger, - te pono e te whāinga o mua o nga mea katoa whakangaueuetia. mai ana tēnei pono ki te nuinga. Heoi, ki te huringa o te waiaro ki te uara taketake o te nihilism riro mārama, me te wewete i te mahi o te haamauraa i mea hou. He huru nihilistic ki nga uara me nga mana kahore e tiaki, ahakoa, tu te whanaketanga o te tikanga tangata, me te whakaaro.

E he tupurangi te raupapa o wā?

Kia mahara, kōrero ki te rapunga whakaaro o te hītori Martina Haydeggera, e rite ana ki tona whakaaro, e kore he raupapa matapōkere oranga wāhi ake. Ko reira mooni. Whakaaro whakapono e kore e taea e te taenga o te iwi heke mai whakatere. Heoi, ka taea e ratou e kite i reira, Me tika tatou ki te ako ki te whakarongo ki te oraraa me ki te ui pātai. Na ka ata haere mai te ao hou. ka, rite ki Heidegger, ki kia arahina te reira "parapara", e ko, ki kaimahi te mahi o te whakamahere i nga wawata taea katoa. Na nedochelovechestvo riro te superman.

E rua ngā momo o te whakaaro

He mea tika ki te haere i te ara roa o hapa, pōhēhētanga me te matauranga ki puta tenei tauiraa. He mahara ki te nihilism kua patua e te mahara Pākehā, ka taea e whai wāhi i te reira ki te patu i tenei haere uaua, me te roa. Anake te kaupapa hou, e kore e pā ana ki te "kaupapa pūtaiao" o te mua, e taea pai te whai i te ako o te ao ki te awhina o whakarongo ki reira. kite Heidegger i te whanaketanga o te kaupapa o te pūtaiao tohumate ohorere, ka mea e ngohe reira ki taa whakaaro, me te tipu tātai. tu enei momo e rua o whakaaro i roto i te mahi e tika ana "ngohi", whakaputaina i roto i te 1959. Ratou tātaritanga - te pūtake o te ariā o te matauranga o te ari i roto i te ao o te ora tūmatanui. E ai ki a Heidegger, tatau ranei tātai tūhura whakaaro me mahere, tātaihia te reira i te taea, i kore te tātari i te mau hopearaa o ratou whakatinanatanga. Ko te tëtehi tenei momo o te whakaaro. e kore e taea ki te arotahi ki runga i kingi i roto i te tikanga katoa ia. Taa i te whakaaro wawahi atu i roto i tona tirohanga o mooni. Heoi, i te reira e, i roto i te aroaro o mahi, me te whakangungu motuhake, e taea te karo i tenei tino, me te tae i te pono o te ano. E ai ki a Heidegger, he whakawhetai taea ki te phenomenology, e kaiwhakamana "tikanga matauranga" me hermeneutics tenei.

He aha te mea pono, kia rite ki Heidegger

E rave rahi o te take miramira i tona mahi, Martin Heidegger. ana whakaaro pā, i roto i ngā, me pehea ki te whakapumautia i te pono. Tenei whakaaro, whakaaro e pā ana ki reira, me te te manawapa o te i roto i te mahi tika "I te Uho o te pono", mai i te meka e mahi i te whakaaro tangata noa i roto i te tikanga o te whakaaro ki te whakatutuki i te reira. Heoi, he aha te mea pono? ka whakahoki a Martin Heidegger poto tenei pātai tenei ara: "E mea pono." tohu te whakaaro i roto i taua karanga tatou pono vai kore anake, engari, i runga te katoa, to tatou iho tauākī e pā ana ki a ia. Na me pehea e koe te karo i teka, me te tae i te pono? Ki te mahi i tenei, tirohia ki te "ture here". He, kia rite ki tenei philosopho, te tahi mea tonu, me te piraukore, e kore e hāngai ki runga i te whakawa o te tangata, me te whakawhiti haere, riro te pono e te tangata, i roto i te hōkai o te kitea o nga mea katoa. I roto i tenei take, te haere noa o te whakaaro e Heidegger rite "whakapae oranga tīari,." Ko ki te whakatutuki i te huru e tika ana o te pono. Ki te kahore he haere noa, kahore he pono. I roto i te matauranga o te haere noa ko te haere noa ki te haere me te rapu. Haere - he puna o te whakama, Heoi, ko te āhua tangata ki te taea hoki ratou me ki te whakaatu i te tikanga o te oraraa, rite ki Martin Heidegger. arotakengia Philosophy (poto ona tirotiro) o tenei whakaaro i roto i tenei tuhinga.

whakaaro a Heidegger i whānui, ko te whakamātau ki te hinga i te tūturu o te koroheke, mau paruparu rapunga whakaaro maa'usia, ka kitea rongoā ki te raruraru nui o te ora te tangata. Ko te mahi hoatu i roto i te mua o Martin Heidegger. Quotations i ana mahi pārekareka ki tonu rongonui nui. E whakaaro Works o tenei kaituhi taketake i roto i te rapunga whakaaro. Existentialism Martina Haydeggera, na reira, e kore kua ngaro tona hāngaitanga i tenei ra.